• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.41-48
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• 2000

This study has been carried out to determine the seasonal characteristics of concentration of various ionic (CI-, NO3-, SO42-, Na+, NH+, K+, Ca2+) and heavy metallic (Pb, Mn, Cu, Ni) species in Pusan from August 1997 to April 1998. The concentrations of CI-, Na+, K+ were higher during summer with 2.98 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$/㎥. Seasonal variation of total concentration of but the concentration of NH4+ was higher during winter with 2.46${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$/㎥. Seasonal variation of total concentration of heavy metals(Pb, Cu, Mn, Ni) were 186.0 ng/㎥ in summer, 222.6 ng/㎥ in autumn, and 135.83 ng/㎥ in winter. Over the seasons inspected, the concentration of Mn was higher in coarse particles than fine particles and concentration of Ni was higher in fine particles than coarse particles. during yellow sand period, the concentration of TSP was increased about two times than that of other period. SO42-, Ca2+ concentrations were higher than other ionic components because of soil particles. The concentration of Ni showed 94.62ng/㎥ was increased about 4~5 times than other period. Principal component of the yellow sand, SO42-, Ca2+ could be discreased by rainfall and washout effect of atmospheric aerosol was higher in coarse particles than fine particles. Results from PCA(principal component analysis) showed that major pollutant was NaCl by seasalt particulate and (NH4)2SO4.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.403-406
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• 2006

An algorithm for detection of yellow sand aerosols has been developed with infrared bands. This algorithm is a hybrid algorithm that has used two methods combined. The first method used the differential absorption in brightness temperature difference between $11{\mu}m\;and\;12{\mu}m\;(BTD1)$. The radiation at $11{\mu}m$ is absorbed more than at $12{\mu}m$ when yellow sand is loaded in the atmosphere, whereas it will be the other way around when cloud is present. The second method uses the brightness temperature difference between $3.7{\mu}m\;and\;11{\mu}m(BTD2)$. This technique is sensitive to dust loading, which the BTD2 is enhanced by reflection of $3.7{\mu}m$ solar radiation. First the Principle Component Analysis (PCA), a form of eigenvector statistical analysis from the two methods, is performed and the aerosol pixel with the lowest 10% of the eigenvalue is eliminated. Then the aerosol index (AI) from the combination of BTD 1 and 2 is derived. We applied this method to Multi-functional Transport Satellite-l Replacement (MTSAT-1R) data and obtained that the derived AI showed remarkably good agreements with Ozone Mapping Instrument (OMI) AI and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol optical depth.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.146-151
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• 2005

This paper represents an attempt to bring together and analyses the measurement data measured by the Satellite Signal Monitoring Center in Korea and the Korea Meteorological Administration/Korea Meteorological Research Institute in close cooperation with this study team. This paper presents the signal characteristic of GEO satellite operating in frequency range 1 to 20GHz associated with Asian Sand Dust (the so-called Yellow Sand Dust). The downlink signal power (dBm) for L-, S-, C-, Ku-, and Ka-band frequencies from GEO satellites were measured in a clear weather and in Asian Sand Dust weather by the Satellite Signal Monitoring Center. The measured signal power(dBm) were compared to the total number concentration and size distribution of Sand Dust that were measured by the Korea Meteorological Administration/Korea Meteorological Research Institute and the possible correlation between these sets data were analyzed. The results demonstrate that the downlink signal level (dBm) of GEO satellite is attenuated by Asian Sand Dust. Hitherto, merger information has been reported as to the influence of sand dust on satellite communications operating in regions affected by sand dust.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 2008

With the increasing events of natural disasters caused by unpredictable atmospheric movements, the importance of weather forecasting is increasingly emphasized. In this paper, we adopt satellite radar imageries to deal with unusual weather events over Korean region including yellow sand that swept over Korea in spring 2007 and typhoon EWNIAR in 2006. Korea has suffered from these natural events with increasing frequencies over last decades and the satellite radar imaging is considered the most appropriate method to track and analyze the characteristics of the events spanning from mainland China to Japan. The yellow sand mostly comes from Manju area in China and consists of tiny particles so that they move with high speed resulting in difficulty in predicting their moving paths. With the use of various radar images taken at regular time intervals, we could possibly derive the expected movement of the yellow sand particles. In the future, with the help of radar images taken at very short intervals, satellite radar image analysis will become a very useful tool to predict and prepare for the natural disastrous events caused by abrupt change in the atmosphere and deserts around Korea.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 1998.09a
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• pp.9-13
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• 1998

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.244-250
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• 2003

With a recent public concern rising on the radioactive waste, it is disclosed that the problem is more serious than expected. This research has been conducted to find effects of yellow sandy rainwaters on the solidified cement of mid-and-low level radioactive waste. The ANS 16.1 standard test method was chosen for this leaching experiment. Make a cement solidified radioactive waste that contains Co nuclide, and fabricate it for over 28 days. Then, decide on the volume of leaching water and the concentration of ion and metal in leachate from the mass concentration of yellow sands in atmosphere. In this paper, we have taken a short look at characteristics of yellow sand. Before going into the leaching experiment, we decided experimental conditions first. Then, it was evaluated and analyzed how sandy rainfalls have impact on the cement solidified radioactive waste based on data from 90 days of leaching experiment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.49-63
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• 2001

• Water for future
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.235-241
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• 1985

The predictions of the local and regional sand transport of the offshore tidal sand banks tn the west coast of Korea, east of the Yellow San have been performed on the basis of diagrammatical method suggested by Kenyon et al(1981). There is general agreements between these predictions and the earlier predictions(Choi, 1983) of net regional sand transport paths from the numerical simulation of maximum bottom stress vector during the semidiurnal period due to m2 and m4 tides. Further detailed investigations are proposed for the study of Choongang Chontoe where the predicted net sand transport direction is to the dredged navigation channel.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.197-202
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• 1991

It is observed that the outbreak of dust storms (yellow sand) from Northern China and Mongolia occurs a few times in April 1988 and 1990. It is found that a dust storm initiated with strong gusty winds after the passage of a cold front, particularly after defrost of the ground surface of a source region in the early spring. According to meteorological chart, satellite images and trajectory analyses, dust clouds invaded Korea in April 1988 and 1990 were landing in the sink area after 2 $\sim$ 4 days travelling for 2,000 $\sim$ 3,000 km from a source region. It was also observed that in the west coast total suspended particulated (TSP) were 100 $\sim$ 200 $\mug m^{-3}$ and sulphates $(SO_4=)$ were 3 $\sim$ 10 $\mug m^{-3}$. These values clearly exceed the concentrations of a background level measured in the Arctic and Atlantic Ocean. Trajectory analyses and meteorological analyses suggest that the high values occurred with prevailing westerly flows coming from anthropogenic sources in China. High concentrations of air pollutants occurred in the backside of an anticyclone and in the area "col".col".uot;.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2003.05b
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• pp.207-208
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• 2003

부산의 황사발생일은 매년 10일 이내로 머물렀으나, 2001년에 갑자기 증가하여 사상최대인 연간 21일이나 발생하였으며, 또한 시기적으로도 가장 빨리 발생해서(1월 2일) 가장 늦게까지(5월 19일) 황사현상이 나타난 해로 기록되었다. 특히 2002년 3월 21일에는 부산 시내 12개 대기오염자동측정지점 가운데 부유분진의 측정한계치인 1,000$\mu\textrm{m}$/m$^3$에 도달한 곳이 범천동, 감전동, 덕천동, 신평동, 연산동 등 8개 지점으로 나타나, 극심한 피해를 가져다주었다. (중략)