• 혜화의학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.49-66
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• 2009

1. Hiccup is usually named as Hae yek, Hyel yek, Yel yek. 2. The cause of hiccup are stomach cold, rising of stomach fire, stagnation of vital energy and stagnationof phlegm, yang deficiency of spleen and kideny, deficiency of stomach-yin, or mental disorder due to the stagnation of phlegm, dyspepsia, depressed vital energy. 3. Vicera and Bowels related with Hiccup are lung, spleen, stomach, and heart. 4. The treatment of hiccup are dispel cold by warming the middle warmer due to stomach cold, expel the heat-evil to loose hollow-organ due to rising up of stomach yin, regulate vital energy and dissipate phlegm due to stagnation of vital energy and stagnation of phlegm, warm and recuperate both of spleen and kidney due to spleen and kidney yang deficiency, nourish the stomach to promote the production of body fluid due to deficiency of stomach yin. 5. Regarding neuropsychiatric aspect of hiccup, qi movement disorder was the main mechanism of disease and qi depression was the main cause. The prescriptions for neuropsychiatric hiccup were Mokhwangjogisan Pyunjakjunghyangsan, Daegwakhyangsan, and Haeaedan.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.15-28
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in kind, intensity and depth of de Qi sensation by patients' gender, age, BMI and sensitivity. Methods: Sixty-four healthy volunteers (mean age $26.51{\pm}4.72$, range 22-39) who had been studying anatomy, meridianology, acupuncture & moxibustion for more than five years at Dongguk University, Go-yang, Korea, were invited to take part in an investigation of the sensations associated with acupuncture needling. Needling was self-administered on Hegu (LI4) in the hand and Zusanli (ST36) in the leg randomly. After obtaining de Qi, the participants were asked the kind, intensity and depth of de Qi sensation. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the kind of de Qi sensation found by acupoints and needling methods (p>0.05). Hegu (LI4) was found to be significantly higher in the intensity (p<0.001), and the depth of de Qi sensation was significantly higher in Zusanli (ST36) than Hegu (LI4) (p<0.001). There was statistically significant difference found in the intensity of de Qi sensation by depth and sensitivity (p<0.05). In the depth of de Qi sensation, there was statistically significant difference found by sensitivity (p<0.05). In de Qi sensation of practitioners, there was statistically significant difference found by gender, BMI, the intensity of de Qi sensation (VAS) and sensitivity. Conclusions: Further study involving acupuncture de Qi sensation and the influencing factors is needed.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.111-133
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• 2020

Objectives : The aim of this paper is to examine the mechanisms of spontaneous sweating and night sweating, their relationship and how the explanations of their mechanisms have changed over the course of time, through examination of past discussions on spontaneous sweating and night sweating. Methods : Contents in classical medical texts that mention the mechanisms of spontaneous sweating and night sweating among search results from databases such as the Siku Quanshu were analyzed, followed by examination of each of their mechanisms, and their relationship with each other. Results & Conclusions : The cause of night sweating before the 『Danxixinfa』 was seen to be caused by yang deficiency in relation to problems of Exterior Qi and the theory of 'Heart governs perspiration', as the focus was on the phenomenon of sweating. However, it seems that yin deficiency came to be seen as playing a more fundamental role in the process of determining the root cause of night sweating. Moreover, Zhu Danxi's emphasis on nurturing yin, the composition of Dangguiliuhuangtang, and the development of the fire-heat pathology since the Jin Yuan period added to this shift in perspective. Night sweating from Shanghan could be seen as a sign of the already damaged Exterior Qi becoming more deficient while the pathogenic qi is in the half-exterior-half-interior zone, or as the pathogenic qi which entered with the Exterior Qi unsettling yin, or as a result of heat that is produced in the struggle between healthy qi and pathogenic qi that happens when Exterior Qi enters. Night sweating from miscellaneous disease could be seen as a sign of a deficient exterior that resulted from excessive entering of the Exterior Qi during yin deficiency, or resulting from relatively excessive Exterior Qi to deficient yin, producing heat that leads to sweating. If yin is not cultivated during the night but rather consumed leading to deficiency of Exterior Qi which also needs to be cultivated during night time, it could result in sweating.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.9-24
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• 2013

Objectives : I would find out the interpretation of cong Yin yin Yang(從陰引陽) cong Yang yin Yin(從陽引陰) in Su Wen(素問) Yin Yang Yin Xiang Da Lun(陰陽應象大論) and its clinical meanings. Methods : I had searched the opinions of annotators about this paragraph and compared treatment principles that TCM clinicians, such as Li Dong-yuan(李東垣), Zhang Jie-bin (張介賓), Yu Jia-yan(喩嘉言) developed. Results : This paragraph is related to treatment principles of the paragraph Yang bing zhi Yin(陽病治陰) Yin bing zhi Yang. Li Dong-yuan applied it to treatment principle of internal injuries(內傷病), Zhang Jie-bin extended its clinical meanings to the opposite treatment principles(反治) such as gu han wu xie(求汗於血) sheng Qi wu Jing(生氣於精), yin huo gui yuan(引火歸源) and na Qi gui shen(納氣歸腎), Yu Jia-yan used it as treatment principle of tuo zheng(脫症). Conclusion : This paragraph can mean several messages and be applied to several treatment principles.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.282-288
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• 2010

In our review, the conclusions on the concept and principle of perspiration are as follows. 1. It is the physiological perspiration that Qingyang(淸陽) from Jing(精), Qi(氣), Xie(血) synthesized by digestion of food and drink(水穀), is increased and secreted from pores on the skin(腠理). 2. The main center to control perspiration is heart(心), but lver(肝), stomach(胃), spleen(脾), lung(肺), bladder(膀胱), kidney(腎) and triple energizer(三焦) can be also related to perspiration indirectly. 3. As Weiqi(衛氣) make the body warm and keep the body temperature constant by controlling perspiration, it is very important to make a diagnosis of Weiqi(衛氣) Xushi(虛實) by skin temperature. 4. We guess that perspiration can be secreted by the control of BiaoLi-YinYang(表裏陰陽) such as centrifugal(氣) and centrifetal force(形) of Qi(氣). 5. Sweating therapy can make the level of Biaoyang(表陽) correct and control the balance between centrifugal(氣) and centrifetal force(形) of Qi(氣).

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2013

The education of traditional Korean medicine has been challenged for the lack of illustrated explanation of fundamental and pivotal concepts. The purpose of this study was to make suggestions for the diagrammatic concept on Qi. Thorough review was made performed to elucidate pictorial concept of Qi with medical classics and textbooks on the human physiology based on the central theories including Yin-Yang, five phase, and correspondence between nature and human. Medical terminology and its taxonomy for the Qi were examined here. We proposed more clarified terminology and related metabolic pathways for the design of schematic illustration of Qi. This study would contribute to the development of introductive drawings and educational materials fit for the apprentice.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제10권
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• pp.591-617
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• 1997

In the field of the theory about constitution(體質), the theory of 'Yun Qi(運氣) has close relations hip with the formation of theory of constitution. It is seen in the chapter 'Osangjungdae-ron("五常政大論")' that the theory of influenced the theory of constitution and talent by the 'Concept of Evaporation(氣化)'. In the chapter 'Yin-Yang twenty five men types' of the book the 'Ling Shu("靈樞")' the twenty five constitution types by the theory of 'Yan Qi is stated. And in the book 'Nei Ching("內經")' the constitution types of five elements' motion is described. In the theory of the 'five elements' motion and six kinds of natural factors' had such a problem that the individuals having the same born year and Qi had the same prescriptions irrespective of each other's constitution. So for the resolution of this problem the constitution theory of 'Yun Qi' had been formed by the mediation of the 'MyengRiHak(命理學)' and the theory of 'Yun Qi' in the book the 'OUnYukKiHanYeHakBoGam("五運六氣韓醫學寶鑑")'. But following problems should be resolved in chrono-inedieine. Those are the difference of men who has born in some year-day-time, each 'Yun Qi's brea king point, local time, summer time, living circumstances, twins, the concept of 'Zhung Won(中元)', etc.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.61-82
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• 2024

Objectives : The objective of this study was to understand the Korean Medical understanding of the principles and physiology of breathing. Methods : Contents related to breathing were searched in the Korean Medical texts, after which they were categorized according to theme, then analyzed. Results : Breathing is a manifestation of life force originating from the 'innate original qi [先天一氣]'. Humans connect to the Heavenly qi-the origin of life- through breathing, through which the rhythm and consistency of yin/yang movement that enables maintenance of life qi could be embodied. The specific result of breathing is the circulation of qi and blood and the brightness of spirit. In addition, breathing is the process that connects human to heaven, allowing for the pulse or its rhythm to be maintained. Hence, breathing is alternately called 'the head of pulses'. Conclusions : Breathing in Korean Medicine goes beyond the scope of its biomedical understanding as a metabolic process of oxygen and carbon dioixde exchange, as it is concerned with the question of the origin of life. As such, the principle and effect of breathing is broadly connected to both innate and acquired life phenomena, wherein jing(精,) qi(氣,) shen(神) are all associated.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2007

The objective of tills study is to identify the difference of somatic characteristics between Hwa-Byung and Major Depression by comparing the pattern identification of Hwa-Byung group and Hwa-Byung with Major Depression group(double diagnosis) Method: According to Hwa-Byung Diagnostic Interview Schedule(HBDIS) and SCID, 17 patients as diagnosed Hwa-Byung and 20 patients as diagnosed Hwa-Byung with Major Depression group(double diagnosis) were recruited. and by depression scale like Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HRDS) & Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale(MADRS), we excluded patients complaining moderate & severe depression among Hwa-Byung group and excluded patients showing mild depression among Hwa-Byung with Major Depression group. After this evaluation, we analysed and compared the pattern identification of both groups by OMS-prime. Result: 1. There were no significant differences of demographic data between both groups. 2. In the result of 'analysis on pattern identification' for all participant used by OMS-prime, most frequent pattern was deficiency of Yin and Yang of the heart(49%). 3. In the result of 'analysis on most correlated pattern identification' used by OMS-prime, for Hwa-Byung group was deficiency of Yin and Yang of the heart(45%) and the next were disharmony of the liver and spleen (20%), generation of phlegm due to stagnation of Gallbladder(15%) deficiency of Qi and Yin of the heart(l0%), And for Hwa-Byung with Major Depression group(double diagnosis) was deficiency of Yin and Yang of the heart(53%), the next were generation of phlegm due to stagnation of Gallbladder(18%), and deficiency of Qi and blood of the heart(l2%), 4. In the result of 'analysis on significant pattern identification' used by OMS-prime, for Hwa-Byung group was deficiency of Yin and Yang of the heart(20%) and the next were disharmony of the liver and spleen(15%), generation of phiegm due to stagnation of Gallbladder(15%), deficiency of Qi and Yin of the heart(14%), And for Hwa-Byung plus Major Depression group(double diagnosis) was deficiency of Yin and Yang of the heart(18%), the next were deficiency of Qi and Yin of the heart(18%), deficiency of Qi and blood of the heart(l0%), generation of phiegm due to stagnation of Gallbladder(18%), Conclusion: Hwabyung is syndrome that have many different symptoms, but there is no difference between Hwa-Byung group and Hwa-Byung with Major Depression group(double diagnosis) on the side of symptoms. Therefore, Hwabyung could be a new model for research on depression in Korean.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.172-177
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• 2023

In order to deduce the pathogenic factor(PF) diagnosis logic of underlying in pattern identification of Korean medicine, 2,072 cases of DSOM(Diagnosis System of Oriental Medicine) data from May 2005 to April 2022 were collected and analyzed by means of decision tree model(DTM). The entire data were divided into training data and validation data at a ratio of 7:3. The CHAID algorithm was used for analysis of DTM, and then validity was tested by applying the validation data. The decision rules of items and pathways determined from the diagnosis data of Qi Deficiency, Blood Deficiency, Yin Deficiency and Yang Deficiency Pathogenic Factor of DSOM were as follows. Qi Deficiency PF had 7 decision rules and used 5 questions: Q124, Q116a, Q119, Q119a, Q55. The primary indicators(PI) were 'lack of energy' and 'weary of talking'. Blood deficiency PF had 7 decision rules and used 6 questions: Q113, Q84, Q85, Q114, Q129, Q130. The PI were 'numbness in the limbs', 'dizziness when standing up', and 'frequent cramps'. Yin deficiency PF had 3 decision rules and used 2 questions: Q144 and Q56. The PI were 'subjective heat sensation from the afternoon to night' and 'heat sensation in the limbs'. Yang deficiency PF had 3 decision rules and used 3 questions: Q55, Q10, and Q102. The PI were 'sweating even with small movements' and 'lack of energy'. Conclusively, these rules and symptom information to decide the Qi·Blood·Yin·Yang Deficiency PF would be helpful for Korean medicine diagnostics.