• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.197-213
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• 2002

In order to establish the processing condition of rapid- and low salt-fermented liquefaction of anchovy (Engrulis japonica), effect of temperature on crude enzyme activity of anchovy viscera, pretreatment conditions, and the minimum content of adding NaCl were investigated. The minimum limitation of NaCl content for anchovy liquefaction was 10%. Sample A(water adding, heating, adding 10% NaCl): chopped whole anchovy adding 20% water and then heating for 9 hrs at $50^{\circ}C$ and then adding 10% NaCl and then fermented at room temperature$(8-29^{\circ}C)$ for 180 days. Sample B(water adding, heating, adding 13% NaCl): chopped whole anchovy adding 20% water and then heating for 9 hrs at $50^{\circ}C$ and then adding 13% NaCl and then fermented at room temperature for 180 days. Sample C(adding 13% NaCl): chopped whole anchovy and then adding 13% NaCl and then fermented at room temperature for 180 days. Sample D(adding 17% NaCl): whole anchovy adding 17% NaCl and then fermented at room temperature for 180 days. The content of free amino acids such as aspartic acid, serine and threonine fluctuated severely according to the pretreatment methods. Possibly they might be recommend quality indices of standardization for salt-fermented liquefaction of anchovy. As for the relation between fermentation period(X) and individual free amino acid(Y), five kinds of free amino acids such as glutamic acid, valine, glycine, lysine, and alanine showed highly significant in their coefficient of determination in most of samples. They might be recommend as quality indices for salt-fermented liquefaction of anchovy during fermentation. The difference of taste between products of the rapid- and low salt-fermented liquefaction and the traditional salt-fermented liquefaction were caused by their composition of the free amino acids ratios, in which were umami, sweet, and bitter taste in the extracts of anchovy during fermentation. The appropriate fermentation period of the sample A was shorten 30 days than the sample B and 60 days than the samples C and 90 days than the sample D in the processing of anchovy.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.819-824
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• 2003

Effects of feeding browses on growth and meat quality of Korean native goats were investigated. Twenty eight heads of male goats were divided into four treatment groups fed diets containing oak browse, pine browse, fermented pine browse, and rice straw. Growth rate, feed intake, carcass and meat quality and blood and serum criteria were investigated. The highest average daily gain of goats was 45.3g from oak browse, and goats on pine browse gained similar to those on fermented pine browse. Daily forage intake was 197g DM for oak browse and 74g DM for fermented pine browse. Feed efficiency(g feed/g gain) of oak browse was 11.0g and that of pine browse was 15.1g. From the results of serological inspection, metabolism in body was normal with all the browses tested. Dressing percentage was 45.1~46.2% and meat percentage was 55.2~55.9% without significant differences between diets. Fat percentage of goat carcasses fed rice straw was higher than those fed pine browse or fermented pine browse which was, however, not significantly different from those on oak browse. Shear force and coking loss of goat meat on pine browse or fermented pine browse was less than those on rice straw(p〈0.05) without significant differences between other browses. Juiciness, tenderness, and flavor of the goat meat were the better(p<0.05) from the pine browse diet than from rice straw.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.197-203
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• 2003

In this paper, we have presented millimeter-wave high conversion gain quadruple subharmonic mixers adopting the cascode harmonic generator The subharmonic mixers were successfully integrated by using 0.1 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ GaAs pseudomorphic HEMTs(PHEMTs) and coplanar waveguide(CPW) structures. Measured output of 1st, 2nd and 4th harmonics of the fabricated cascode 4th harmonic generator are -21.42 dBm, -32.65 dBm and -13.45 dBm, respectively, for an input power of 10 dBm at 14.5 GHz. We showed that the highest conversion gain of 3.4 dB has obtained thus far at a LO power of 13 dBm from the fabricated subharmonic mixers. The millimeter-wave subharmonic mixer also ensure a high degree of isolation showing -53.6 dB in the LO-to-IF and -46.2 dB in the LO-to-RF, respectively, at a frequency of 14.5 GHz. The high conversion gain achieved in this work is the first report among the millimeter-wave subharmonic mixers.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.197-207
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• 2007

It has been reported that Back-Tension played a significant role in archery (Lee & Bondit, 2005; Kim, 2007) but there are a few researches related Back-Tension in Korea recently. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate archery back tension technique for the second ranked archer in the World and to find ways to improve performance. A subject(height: 185cm, mass: 82kg, years: 21yrs, careers: 12yrs) who is a number of national team and the second ranked archer in the World authorized by FITA (Federation Internationale de Trial Arc) was perticipated in this experiment. When shooting 60 shots($12{\times}5$), shooting motions were recorded with 7 infrared cameras and 2 ultrahigh-speed cameras. A QTM and an Auto Track were used to acquire raw data. The sampling rates of both cameras were 200 Hz. and 1000 Hz. respectively and data were filtered using a fourth order Butterworth low pass filtering with a cutoff-frequency of 30Hz. The parameters were calculated with Matlab6.5 and analyzed with SPSS11.0. After Pearson's correlations between 8 parameters were analyzed, 5 parameters from 13parameters that affected records were analyzed with multiple regression analysis (Enter order: x1, x2, x3, x4, x5). The results were as follows: 1. Comparing between parameters according to scores, the patterns of horizontal and vertical angular velocity(av.) of scapular relative angle was different between 8 score and 9 or 10 scores. 2. The correlations of parameters that affected records were a horizontal av.(x1, p=.032<.05) and a vertical av.(x3, p=.033<.05) of scapular from release to delivery in KB back-tension (anchoring-delivery). 3. The decision coefficients(R2) of above two parameters and three parameters selected by experts that may affect record, that is, an absolute trunk angle(x4) from in KKC back-tension (anchoring-release) and a horizontal relative scapular angle(x2) and an absolute trunk angle(x5) from release to delivery in KB back-tension were 7.7%(x1), 0.1%(x2), 8.5%(x3), 0.7%(x4) and 0.9%(x5) in sequence. 4. The multiple regression equation was a y= -1.16E-2 x1 + 0.109 x2 + 3.437E-2 x3 + 6.139E-2 x4 + 0.117 x5 + 3.420 In conclusion, a total contribution was low, that is, R2(17.9%) suggested that on the one hand, Lim's motion may not depend on a certain factor because his postural factors affected shooting motion are some stable on the other hand, unknown factors may exist(e.g. psychological, physiological factors etc.). Further study of EMG patterns of muscles and anatomic consideration related to shoulder girdle and scapular bones may help to identify mechanism of Back-Tension.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.54-68
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• 2000

This study was tried to calculate the stumpage value using GIS technique. Before calculating this price the feasible areas to cut were divided from all forests. The stumpage value per $m^3$ was calculated by the method of calculating back from the market price, according to the working volume of logging unit and clearing a felling area using GIS. The distribution of the stumpage value for the coniferous stands was estimated from minimum 10,000 won to maximum 50,000 won, and for the deciduous stands the stumpage value was distributed from minimum 20,000 won to maximum 40,000 won. The total estimated selling price for the cutting available area (197.3ha) among this study area(250ha) except the cutting limited area was about 1.13 billions won. And the estimated selling price for the korean white pine stands was about 650 millions won, occupied 57% among the total selling price, and for the deciduous stands showed 383 millions won, occupied 34% of the total price, and for the japanese larch was 9.69 millions won, occupied 9% of the total price. But the rigida pine stands showed only 1.22 millions won.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify clinical characteristics of oncologic patients at a point when they signed their do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders. Methods: From January through December 2014, we retrospectively analyzed the records of 197 patients who passed away after agreeing to a DNR order in the hemato-oncology department of a tertiary hospital. Results: Of all, 121 patients (61.4%) were male and 76 (38.6%) were female, and their average age was 58.7 years. Ninety-four patients (47.7%) had gastrointestinal cancer. The ECOG performance status at admission was grade 3 in 76 patients (36.5%) and grade 4 in 11 (5.6%). The patients' mean hospital stay was 20 days. The mean duration from the admission to DNR decision was 13 days, and the mean duration from DNR decision to death was seven days. Conclusion: Study results indicate that a decision on signing or refusing a DNR order was made by medical staff mostly based on the opinions of patients' guardians rather than the patients themselves. This suggests that patients' own wishes are not well respected. Thus, it is urgent to establish institutional devices to enhance cancer patients' autonomy regarding DNR and to define an adequate timing for withdrawal of treatments.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.119-125
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• 1996

From 1995. 3. 20 to 1995. 4. 10 refractive errors were surveyed on the 1,197 middle and high school pupils in Dong-Du-Cuon area. On the basis of the power of the old glasses or newly examined power, we surveyed the distribution of the refractive errors according to their types, ages, heights, weights and differences between both eyes. Among 2,394 eyes examined, 1,125eyes(47%) were emmetropia, 967 eyes(40.4%) were myopic, and 302eyes(12.6%) were hyperopic. As to the distribution of refractive errors, simple myopia(42.9%) was most common, and mixed astigmatism and compound hyperopic astigmatism were below 1%, Among the types of astigmatism, 62% were with the rule, 23% were against the rule and 15% were oblique, Differences between both eyes, the left eye showed more myopic than those of right eye. The distribution of myopia according to their ages, 27.7 at age 11, 38.5% at age 12, 35.5% at age 41.5% at age 14, 37.7% at age 15, 48.3% at age 16 and 46.8% at age 17., there was a significant increase in the prevalence of the myopia but that or hyperopia decreases with increases of age.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.197-203
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• 2017

This study purpose is propose the basic data for selecting the optimal target material by analyzing the photon characteristics of various materials which was located in the head of medical linear accelerator. In this study, energy spectrum of 6, 15 MV photon beams were compared and analyzed for 13 target materials using MCNPX of Monte Carlo method. The mean energy for the 6 MV energy spectrum was 1.69 ~ 1.84 MeV and that for the 15 MV was 3.38 ~ 3.56 MeV, according to the target material. The flux for the 6 MV energy spectrum was $1.64{\times}10^{-5}{\sim}1.80{\times}10^{-5}{\sharp}/cm^2/e$ and that for the 15 MV was $1.76{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}1.85{\times}10^{-4}{\sharp}/cm^2/e$. The analysis shows that the average energy and flux increase with higher atomic number of the target material. Based on this study, it is possible to present the basic data about the physical characteristics of the photon, and it will be possible to select the target later considering economic, efficiency and physical aspect.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.197-200
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• 2016

Background: Wedge filters are commonly used in radiation oncology for eliminating hot spots and creating a uniform dose distribution in optimizing isodose curves in the target volume for clinical aspects. These are some limited standard physical wedges ($15^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$),or creating an arbitrary wedge angle, like motorized wedge or dynamic wedge,${\ldots}$ The new formulation is presented by the combination of wedge fields for determining an arbitrary effective wedge angles. The isodose curves also are derived for these wedges. Materials and Methods: we performed the dosimetry of Varian Clinac 2100C/D with Scanditronix Wellhofer water blue phantom, CU500E, OmniPro - Accept software and 0.13cc ionization chamber for 6Mv photon beam in depth of 10cm (reference depth) for universal physical wedges ($15^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, and $60^{\circ}$) and reference field $10.10cm^2$. By combining the isodose curve standard wedge fields with compatible weighting dose for each field, the effective isodose curve is calculated for any wedge angle. Results: The relation between a given effective wedge angle and the weighting of each combining wedge fields was derived. A good agreement was found between the measured and calculated wedge angles and the maximum deviation did not exceed $3^{\circ}$. The difference between the measured and calculated data decreased when the combined wedge angles were closer. The results are in agreement with the motorized single wedge appliance in the literature. Conclusions: This technique showed that the effective wedge angle that is obtained from this method is adequate for clinical applications and the motorized wedge formalism is a special case of this consideration.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to evaluate oral health status, caries-inducing bacterial activity of the mental retardation students, and developing motivation method for improving oral hygiene management by clarifying the relationship between caries-inducing bacterial activity and oral health status of mental retardation students. Caries experience indices, caries susceptibility test, gingival health evaluation, and oral hygiene management and oral health survey were performed. Results were as follows : 1. The DMFT index of disabled students(12 years) was 2.07. 2. The gingival inflammation was occurred more frequently in older ages. 3. There also was a high positive correlation between caries incidences and the results of caries-inducing bacterial activity test especially in deciduous teeth. This result suggested that the Dentocult SM mutans test as a caries activity test is a reliable method for measuring the status of dental caries in mental retardation students. Because it would motivate the mental retardation students to care more actively for their oral hygiene if they learn how much dental caries-inducing bacteria are living in their mouth by observing the bacterial colony on the cultured test strip, it can become a possibly efficient educational tool for the mental retardation students.