• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.75-85
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• 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the nasal soft tissues, including movements of landmarks, changes in linear distances, and volumetric changes, using three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry after microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) in adult patients. Methods: Facial data were scanned using a white light scanner before and after MARPE in 30 patients. In total, 7 mm of expansion was achieved over a 4-week expansion period. We determined 10 soft tissue landmarks using reverse engineering software and measured 3D vector changes at those points. In addition, we calculated the distances between points to determine changes in the width of the nasal soft tissues. The volumetric change in the nose was also measured. Results: All landmarks except pronasale and subnasale showed statistically significant movement on the x-axis. Pronasale, subnasale, alar right, and alar left showed significant movement on the y-axis, while all landmarks except subnasale showed significant movement on the z-axis. The alar base width, alar width, and alar curvature width increased by 1.214, 0.932, and 0.987 mm, respectively. The average volumetric change was 993.33 ㎣, and the amount of increase relative to the average initial volume was 2.96%. Conclusions: The majority of soft tissue landmarks around the nasal region show significant positional changes after MARPE in adults. The nose tends to widen and move forward and downward. The post-treatment nasal volume may also exhibit a significant increase relative to the initial volume. Clinicians should thoroughly explain the anticipated changes to patients before MARPE initiation.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.383-396
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• 2009

Bone age assessment has been widely used in pediatrics to identify endocrine problems of children. Since the number of trained doctors is far less than the demands, there has been numerous requests for automatic estimation of bone age. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an automatic bone age assessment method that utilizes pattern classification techniques. The proposed method consists of three modules; a finger segmentation module, a normalized shape model generation module and a bone age estimation module. The finger segmentation module segments fingers and epiphyseal regions by means of various image processing algorithms. The shape model abstraction module employ ASM to improves the accuracy of feature extraction for bone age estimation. In addition, SVM is used for estimation of bone age. Features for the estimation include the length of bone and the ratios of bone length. We evaluated the performance of the proposed method through statistical analysis by comparing the bone age assessment results by clinical experts and the proposed automatic method. Through the experimental results, the mean error of the assessment was 0.679 year, which was better than the average error acceptable in clinical practice.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.335-339
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• 2003

Several experiments were carried out to transfer LEAFY gene to Dendranthema grandiflora 'Shuho-no-chikara' by Agrobacterium LBA4404 carrying pSK109 encoding LEAFY gene. Kanamycin 10mg/L was used in first selection medium, and 20mg/L in the second one. Co-culture for 3 days was more effective in increasing transformation efficiency than that for 7 days. The transformation efficiency by Agrobacterium LBA4404 carrying pSK109 encoding LEAFY gene was about 2.8％ until the second selection, but only 0.13％ of shoots (two plants) was confirmed as a transgenic plants in Southern analysis. The escape of putative transformants was occured seriously in the process of selections, PCR analysis for confirming of neomycin phosphotransferaseII (npt II), and Southern analysis for LEAFY gene. One transgenic plant appeared 7 days'early flowering in field.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.329-336
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• 2001

This paper describes the steering control and geomagnetism cancellation for an autonomous vehicle using an MR sensor. The magneto-resistive (MR) sensor obtains the vector summation of the magnetic fields from embedded magnets and the Earth. The vehicle is controlled by the magnetic fields from embedded magnets. So, geomagnetism is the disturbance in the steering control system. In this paper, we propose a new method of the sensor arrangement in order to remove the geomagnetism and vehicle body interference. The proposed method uses two MR sensors located in a level plane and the steering controller has been developed. The controller has three input variables ($dB_x$, $dB_y$, $dB_z$) using the measured magnetic field difference, and an output variable (the steering angle). A simulation program was developed to acquire the data to teach the neural network, in order to test the ability of a neural network to learn the steering control process. Also, the computer simulation of the vehicle (including vehicle dynamics and steering) was used to verify the steering performance of the vehicle controller using the neural network. From the simulation and field test, good result was obtained and we confirmed the robustness of the neural network controller in a real autonomous vehicle.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2015.11a
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• pp.26-26
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• 2015

Phytophthora infestans is the causal agent of potato and tomato late blight, one of the most devastating plant diseases. P. infestans secretes effector proteins that are both modulators and targets of host plant immunity. Among these are the so-called RXLR effectors that function inside plant cells and are characterized by a conserved motif following the N-terminal signal peptide. In contrast, the effector activity is encoded by the C terminal region that follows the RXLR domain. Recently, I performed in planta functional profiling of different RXLR effector alleles. These genes were amplified from a variety of P. infestans isolates and cloned into a Potato virus X (PVX) vector for transient in planta expression. I assayed for R-gene specific induction of hypersensitive cell death. The findings included the discovery of new effector with avirulence activity towards the Solanum bulbocastanum Rpi-blb2 resistance gene. The Rpi-blb2 encodes a protein with a putative CC-NBS-LRR (a coiled-coil-nucleotide binding site and leucine-rich repeat) motif that confers Phytophthora late blight disease resistance. We examined the components required for Rpi-blb2-mediated resistance to P. infestans in Nicotiana benthamiana. Virus-induced gene silencing was used to repress candidate genes in N. benthamiana and to assay against P. infestans infections. NbSGT1 was required for disease resistance to P. infestans and hypersensitive responses (HRs) triggered by co-expression of AVRblb2 and Rpi-blb2 in N. benthamiana. RAR1 and HSP90 did not affect disease resistance or HRs in Rpi-blb2-transgenic plants. To elucidate the role of salicylic acid (SA) in Rpi-blb2-mediated resistance, we analyzed the response of NahG-transgenic plants following P. infestans infection. The increased susceptibility of Rpi-blb2-transgenic plants in the NahG background correlated with reduced SA and SA glucoside levels. Furthermore, Rpi-blb2-mediated HR cell death was associated with $H_2O_2$, but not SA, accumulation. SA affects basal defense and Rpi-blb2-mediated resistance against P. infestans. These findings provide evidence about the roles of SGT1 and SA signaling in Rpi-blb2-mediated resistance against P. infestans.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.414-419
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• 1996

The xylnX gene encoding a xylanase from Clostridium thermocellum ATCC27405 was cloned in the plasmid pJH27, an E. coli-Bacillus shuttle vector and the resultant recombinant plasmid, pJX18 was transformed into E. coli HB101. The overexpressed xylanase was found to be secreted into the periplasmic space of the recombinant E. coli cells. The crude enzyme was obtained by treating the E. coli cells with lysozyme, and purified by DEAE-Sepharose column chromatography. Molecular wieght of the xylanase was estimated to be 53 kDa by gel filtration. The pI value was determined to be pH 8.8. The N-terminal sequence of the enzyme protein was Asp-Asp-Asn-Asn-Ala-Asn-Leu-Val-Ser-Asn which was considered to be the sequence of that of the mature form protein. The Km value of the enzyme for oat spelt xylan was calculated to be 2.63 mg/ml and the Vmax value was $0.47 {\mu}mole/min$. The xylanase had a pH optimum for its activity at pH 5.4 and a temperature optimum at $60^{\circ}C$. The enzyme hydrolyzed xylan into xylooligosaccharides which were composed mainly of xylobiose (40%) and xyloltriose (12%) after 5 hour reaction. This result indicates that the xylanase from C. thermocellum ATCC27405 is an endo-acting enzyme.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2015

In this paper, we confirm the effective adaptive algorithm for tha active noise contorl (ANC) though the performance comparison between adaptive algorithms. Generally, the normalized least mean square (NLMS) algorithm has been widely used for an adaptive algorithm thanks to its simplicity and having a fast convergence speed. However, the convergence performance of the NLMS algorithms is often deteriorated by colored input signals. To overcome this problem, the affine pojection (AP) algorithm that updates the weight vector based on a number of recent input vectors can be used for allowing a higher convergence speed than the NLMS algorithm, but it is computationally complex. Thus, the proper algorithm were determined by the comparison between NLMS and AP algorithms regarding as the convergence performance and complexity. Simulation results confirmed that the noise reduction performance of NLMS algorithm was comparable to AP algorithm with low complexity. Therefore the NLMS algorithm is more effective for ANC system.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.341-346
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• 2009

Candida Antarctica lipase A (CalA) has been used because of its suitability in industrial applications. CalA has unique features capable to accept tertiary and sterically hindered alcohols among many hydrolases. CalA gene was cloned and constructed in expression vector such as pColdIII/CalA and $pPICZ{\alpha}A$/CalA. The gene encoding pColdIII/CalA was functionally expressed in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli $Origami^{TM}$ B (DE3) cells. The plasmid $pPICZ{\alpha}A$/CalA linearized by BstX I was integrated into 5'AOX1 region of the chromosomal DNA and was functionally expressed in the methyl atrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Expressed CalA in P. pastoris (0.7 Unit/mL) showed 35 times higher activity than that in E. coli expression system (0.02 Unit/mL).

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.58-70
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• 1990

This paper describes a VLSI implementation of real-time two dimensional DCT processor for the subprimary rate video codec system. The proposed architecture exploits the parallelism and concurrency of the distributes architecture for vector inner product operation of DCT and meets the CCITT performance requirements of video codec for full CSIF 30 frames/sec. It is also shown that this architecture satisfies all the CCITT IDCT accuracy specification by simulating the suggested architecture in bit level. The efficient VLSI disign methodology to design suggested architecture is considered and the module generator oriented design environments are constructed based on SUN 3/150C workstation. Using the constructed design environments. the suggensted architecture have been designed by double metal 2micron CMOS technology. The chip area fo designed 8x8 2-D DA-DCT (Distributed Arithmetic DCT) processor is about 3.9mmx4.8mm.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.285-292
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• 1997

This study was conducted to obtain the transgenic Brnssica napus plants with tobacco Apase gene using the binary vector system of Agrobacteriurn fumefociens. The results obtained were summarized as follows: A repressible acid phosphatase gene of Saccharon~yces cerevisiae, pho105 was used for screening of tobacco Apase cDNA. In order to identify Apase gene in tobacco genome, Southern blot analysis was pcrformed and the Apase gcnc may be present as a single copy, or at most two or three copies, in tobacco genome. To isolate the tobacco Apase gene, tobacco cDNA library was constructed using purifed mRNA from -Pi treated tobacco root and the plaque forming unit of the library was 2.8 x $10^5$ pfu/m${\ell}$, therefore the library might cover all expressed mRNAs. Using pho5 as a probe. tobacco Apase cDNA was cloned, and restriction mapping and Southern blot analysis of cDNA insert were revealed that the 3.6 kb cDNA contained tobacco acid phosphatase cDNA. Plasmid pGA695 -tcAPl was constructed by subcloning tobacco Apase cDNA into the Hind site of pGA695 with 35s promoter which can be expressed constitutively in plants. The Brassica napus cotyledonary petioles were cocultivated with the ,4 grobacteriunz and transferred to the selection medium. The transformed and regenerated plants were transplanted to soil medium. Southern blot analysis was done on the transformed plants, and it was confirmed that a foregin gene was stably integrated into the genonies of B. nnpus plants.