• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.143-149
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• 2002

In this paper we present a methodology to derive the temporal change of the magnetic shear angle from a series of vector magnetograms, with a high time cadence. This method looks for the minimum change of the shear angle between a pair of magnetograms, free from the $180^{\circ}$ ambiguity, and then accumulates this change over many successive pairs to derive the temporal change of magnetic shear. This methodology will work well if only the successive magnetograms occurred in an active region are well aligned and its helicity sign is reasonably determined. We have applied this methodology to a set of vector magnetograms of NOAA Active Region 9661 on October 19, 2001 by the new digital magnetograph at the Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO). For this work we considered well aligned magnetograms whose cross-correlation values are larger than 0.95. As a result, we have confirmed the recent report of Wang et al. that there was the abrupt shear change associated with the X1.6 flare. It is also demonstrated that the shear change map can be an useful tool to highlight the local areas that experienced the abrupt shear change. Finally, we suggest that this observation should be a direct support of the emergence of sheared magnetic fields.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.90-96
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• 2021

As real-time data of factories can be collected using various sensors, the adaptation of intelligent unmanned processing systems is spreading via the establishment of smart factories. In intelligent unmanned processing systems, data are collected in real time using sensors. The equipment is controlled by predicting future situations using the collected data. Particularly, a technology for the prediction of tool wear and for determining the exact timing of tool replacement is needed to prevent defected or unprocessed products due to tool breakage or tool wear. Directly measuring the tool wear in real time is difficult during the cutting process in milling. Therefore, tool wear should be predicted indirectly by analyzing the cutting load of the main spindle, current, vibration, noise, etc. In this study, data from the current and acceleration sensors; displacement data along the X, Y, and Z axes; tool wear value, and shape change data observed using Newroview were collected from the high-speed, two-edge, flat-end mill machining process of SKD11 steel. The support vector machine technique (machine learning technique) was applied to predict the amount of tool wear using the aforementioned data. Additionally, the prediction accuracies of all kernels were compared.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.85-89
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• 2015

This peptide has antibacterial activity against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Bombyx mori cecropinB1(BmCecB1) is antimicrobial peptides from Bombyx mori and belongs to cecropin family. Antimicrobial peptides are important components of the innate immune systems in all living organism. To produce the BmCecB1 antimicrobial peptide, we constructed transgenic silkworm that expressed BmCecB1 gene under the control BmA3 promoter using piggyBac vector. The use of the 3xP3-driven EGFP cDNA as a marker allowed us to rapidly distinguish transgenic silkworm. Mixtures of the donor vector and helper vector were micro-injected into 600 eggs of bivoltin silkworms, Baegokjam. In total, 49 larvae (G0) were hatched and allowed to develop into moths. The resulting G1 generation consisted of 22 broods, and we selected 2 broods containing at least 1 EGFP-positive embryo. The rate of successful transgenesis for the G1 broods was 9%. We identified 9 EGFP-positive G1 moths and these were backcrossed with wild-type moths. With the aim of identifying a BmCecB1 as antimicrobial peptide, we investigated the Radical diffusion Assay (RDA) and then demonstrated that BmCecB1 possesses high antibacterial activities against Gram-negative bacteria.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 1999

Shigella sonnez is important causes of human enleric infcctions. S. sonnei KNIH104S was isolated from patient of shigellosis in Korea and previously reported. We cloned 1.7 kb BamHI fragment containing the asd gene encoding an aspartate $\beta$-semialdehyde dehydrogenase from chromosomal DNA of S. sonnei KNIH104S. This recombinant plasmid was named as pSAB17. E. coli $\chi$6097, an a d mutant, cannol grow on the LB medium without DL-$\alpha$, $\varepsilon$-diaminopimclic acid (50 pgiml) but E. coli x 6097(pSAB17) can grow on the same medium. We sequenccd the asd gene ol Shigella for the first time. The asd gcne was composed of 1,104 base pairs with ATG initiation codon and TAA termination codon. Sequence comparison of the asd gene exhibited 99.9% nucleolide sequence hornology with that of E. coli. Also, We constructed the balanced-lethal vector using pBluescrip SK(+) and asd gene of S. sonnei KNIH104S.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.59-72
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• 2024

A comprehensive survey of mungbean-growing areas was conducted to observe leaf spot disease caused by Alternaria alternata. Alternaria leaf spot symptoms were observed on the leaves. Diversity of 50 genotypes of mungbean was assessed against A. alternata and data on pathological traits was subjected to cluster analysis. The results showed that genotypes of mungbean were grouped into four clusters based on resistance parameters under the influence of disease. The principal component biplot demonstrated that all the disease-related parameters (% disease incidence, % disease intensity, lesion area, and % of infection) were strongly correlated with each other. Alt a 1 gene that is precisely found in Alternaria species and is responsible for virulence and pathogenicity. Alt a 1 gene was amplified using gene specific primers. The isolated pathogen produced similar symptoms when inoculated on mungbean and tobacco. The sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, a 600 bp fragment amplified using specific primers, ITS1 and ITS2 showed 100% identity with A. alternata. Potato virus X (PVX) -based silencing vector expressing Alt a 1 gene was constructed to control this pathogen through RNA interference in tobacco. Out of 50 inoculated plants, 9 showed delayed onset of disease. Furthermore, to confirm our findings at molecular level semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used. Both phenotypic and molecular investigation indicated that RNAi induced through the VIGS vector was efficacious in resisting the pathogen in the model host, Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). To the best of our knowledge, this study has been reported for the first time.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2015

Melittin is the main component of Bee Venom and has antibacterial activity against several bacteria. To produce the melittin antimicrobial peptide, we constructed transgenic silkworm that expressed melittin gene under the control BmA3 promoter using piggyBac vector. The use of the 3xP3-driven EGFP cDNA as a marker allowed us to rapidly distinguish transgenic silkworm. Mixtures of the donor vector and helper vector were micro-injected into 300 eggs of bivoltin silkworms, Baegokjam. In total, 131 larvae (G0) were hatched and allowed to develop into moths. The resulting G1 generation consisted of 36 broods, and we selected 4 broods containing at least 1 EGFP-positive embryo. The rate of successful transgenesis for the G1 broods was 11%. We identified 12 EGFP-positive G1 moths and these were backcrossed with wild-type moths. With the aim of identifying a melittin as antimicrobial peptide, we investigated the Radical diffusion Assay (RDA) and then demonstrated that melittin possesses high antibacterial activities against gramnegative bacteria.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.59.5-60
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• 2017

We present the relationship between vector magnetic field parameters and solar major flare occurrence rate. Based on this, we are developing a forecast model of major flare (M and X-class) occurrence rate within a day using hourly vector magnetic field data of Space-weather HMI Active Region Patch (SHARP) from May 2010 to April 2017. In order to reduce the projection effect, we use SHARP data whose longitudes are within ${\pm}60$ degrees. We consider six SHARP magnetic parameters (the total unsigned current helicity, the total photospheric magnetic free energy density, the total unsigned vertical current, the absolute value of the net current helicity, the sum of the net current emanating from each polarity, and the total unsigned magnetic flux) with high F-scores as useful predictors of flaring activity from Bobra and Couvidat (2015). We have considered two cases. In case 1, we have divided the data into two sets separated in chronological order. 75% of the data before a given day are used for setting up a flare model and 25% of the data after that day are used for test. In case 2, the data are divided into two sets every year in order to reduce the solar cycle (SC) phase effect. All magnetic parameters are divided into 100 groups to estimate the corresponding flare occurrence rates. The flare identification is determined by using LMSAL flare locations, giving more numbers of flares than the NGDC flare list. Major results are as follows. First, major flare occurrence rates are well correlated with six magnetic parameters. Second, the occurrence rate ranges from 0.001 to 1 for M and X-class flares. Third, the logarithmic values of flaring rates are well approximated by two linear equations with different slopes: steeper one at lower values and lower one at higher values. Fourth, the sum of the net current emanating from each polarity gives the minimum RMS error between observed flare rates and predicted ones. Fifth, the RMS error for case 2, which is taken to reduce SC phase effect, are smaller than those for case 1.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.218-225
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• 1999

We isolated the ANRI fragment from Aspergillus nidulons that could autononlously replicate and enhance transformation efficiency about $10^4$ fold compared lo the integrative vector in Saccha,omgcer cerevisioe. In A. nidulans recombinant plasmid pLJ16-4.5 which carries the 4.5 kb EcoRI fragment of ANRI showed a 170-[old increase of transformation efficiency compared to the integrative vector pLJ16 and could be recovered from iransfonnants as an intact form. Estimated copy number of transforming plasmid pLJ16-4.5 was scored as 2 to 3 copies in transformed A. nidulans. Recoinbinant plasinid pILJ16-4.5 is inilotically unstable; being lost Irom 65% of aswual progeny of transformants on selective medium and 90% on complete medium. Southern analysis of transformant DNA showed that the pILJ16-4.5 is maintained in free form. The sequencing data showed that ANRl fragment was originated from mitochondiral DNA of A. nid~ilans and contained high AT content as much as 74.7%. One ARS consensus sequence (A/T)TTr4T(A/G)TTT(AiT). I I ARS-like sequence (agreement 10 of 11) and ABFl binding core consensus sequence (TCN7ACG). Also six gyrase binding core consensus sequence (YRTGNYNNY: y=C or T, R=A or G, N=A, G, C or T) of $\Phi$X174 and SV40 DNA and one b site (CACTTTACC) combining with gyrase in ColEl are shown. ANRl can be developed as a repl&ng plasinid for lransfoimation system in A. nirlulmis.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.200-213
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• 2008

H.264| MPEG-4 AVC is a new video codingstandard defined by JVT (Joint Video Team) which consists of ITU-T and ISO/IEC. Many techniques are adopted fur the compression efficiency: Especially, an intra prediction in an inter frame is one example but it leads to excessive amount of encoding time due to the decision of a candidate mode and a RDcost calculation. For this reason, a fast determination of the best intra prediction mode is the main issue for saving the encoding time. In this paper, by using the result of statistical relation between intra $16{\times}16$ and $4{\times}4$ intra predictions, the number of candidate modes for $4{\times}4$ intra prediction is reduced. Firstly, utilizing motion vector obtained after inter prediction, prediction of a block mode for each macroblock is made. If an intra prediction is needed, the correlation table between $16{\times}16$ and $4{\times}4$ intra predicted modes is created using the probability during each I frame-coding process. Secondly, using this result, the candidate modes for a $4{\times}4$ intra prediction that reaches a predefined specific probability value are only considered in the same GOP For the experiments, JM11.0, the reference software of H.264|MPEG-4 AVC is used and the experimental results show that the encoding time could be reduced by 51.24% in maximum with negligible amounts of PSNR drop and bitrate increase.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.493-499
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• 2024

Antimicrobial peptides are antimicrobial substances inherent in animals and plants, with strong antibacterial activity even in small amounts and with various other functions such as antiviral and antioxidant actions. Plants can be grown with just water and sunlight, allowing for their mass production at low costs. However, transforming a chloroplast into one that produces antimicrobial peptides, rather than growing plants, increases the amount of protein expression and minimizes contamination of the ecosystem because gene transfer by pollen does not occur. In that context, using transgenic plant chloroplasts to produce recombinant proteins increases protein degradation and reduces the solubility of proteins. To solve this problem, we fused SUMO, a fusion protein, with a recombinant protein. We also used a 6xHis tag to purify the fusion protein. The antimicrobial peptide stomoxyn is an antibacterial substance found in stable flies. Stomoxyn has an α-helix structure and is amphiphilic, which allows it to dissolve bacterial cell membranes. In this study, we constructed a transformation vector to express stomoxyn in both plant chloroplasts and Escherichia coli and used this vector to confirm the expression of stomoxyn in E. coli. The expression of the protein was then confirmed in E. coli using a transformation vector. The expressed stomoxyn was purified by nickel column and SUMOase treatment, and its antibacterial activity was confirmed using an agar diffusion assay. The EGFP gene was used to ensure that the transformed vector was inserted into the chloroplast.