• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.229-239
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• 2018

Under strong ground motion, pounding can be caused because of the different dynamic properties between two adjacent buildings. Using different structural systems in two adjacent structures makes a difference in the lateral stiffness and thus changes the pounding force between them. In this paper, the effect of the structural system of adjacent buildings on the amount of force applied by pounding effects has been investigated. Moment resisting frame systems (MRFs), lateral X-bracing system (LBS), shear wall system (SWS) and dual system (DS) have been investigated. Four different cases has been modelled using finite element (FE) method. The number of stories of the two adjacent buildings is different in each case: case 1 with 6 and 4 stories, case 2 with 9 and 6 stories, case 3 with 15 and 6 stories and case 4 with 10 and 10 stories. The structures have been modelled three-dimensionally. Non-linear time history analysis has been done on the structures using the finite element software SAP2000. In order to model pounding effects, the non-linear gap elements have been used.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.717-732
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• 2011

Nonlinear dynamic analysis and evaluation of eccentric braced steel frames (EBF) equipped with friction damper (FD) is studied in this research. Previous studies about assessment of seismic performance of steel braced frame with FD have been generally limited to installing this device in confluence of cross in concentrically braced frame such chevron and x-bracing. Investigation is carried out with three types of steel frames namely 5, 10 and 15 storeys, representing the short, medium and high structures respectively in series of nonlinear dynamic analysis and 10 slip force values subjected to three different earthquake records. The proper place of FD, rather than providing them at all level is also studied in 15 storey frame. Four dimensionless indices namely roof displacement, base shear, dissipated energy and relative performance index (RPI) are determined in about 100 nonlinear dynamic analyses. Then average values of maximum roof displacement, base shear, energy dissipated and storey drift under three records for both EBF and EBF equipped with friction damper are obtained. The result indicates that FD reduces the response compared to EBF and is more efficient than EBF for taller storey frames.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.431-445
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• 2016

Seismic behavior of new composite structural system with a fabricated floor was studied. A two-bay and three-story structural model with the scale ratio of 1/4 was consequently designed. Based on the proposed model, multiple factors including energy dissipation capacity, stiffness degradation and deformation performance were analyzed through equivalent single degree of freedom pseudo-dynamic test with different earthquake levels. The results show that, structural integrity as well as the effective transmission of the horizontal force can be ensured by additional X bracing at the bottom of the rigidity of the floor without concrete topping. It is proved that the cast-in-place floor in areas with high seismic intensity can be replaced by the prefabricated floor without pouring surface layer. The results provide a reliable theoretical basis for the seismic design of the similar structural systems in engineering application.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.683-695
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• 2022

Conventional braces are often used to provide stiffness to structures; however due to buckling they cannot be used as seismic energy dissipating elements. In this study, a seismic energy dissipation device is proposed which is comprised of a bracing member and a steel hysteretic damper made of steel hexagonal plates. The hexagonal shaped designated fuse causes formation of plastic hinges under axial deformation of the brace. The main advantages of this damper compared to conventional metallic dampers and buckling-restrained braces are the stable and controlled energy dissipation capability with ease of manufacture. The mechanical behavior of the damper is formulated first and a design procedure is provided. Next, the theoretical formulation and the efficiency of the damper are verified using finite element (FE) analyses. An analytical model of the damper is established and its efficiency is further investigated by applying it to seismic retrofit of a case study structure. The seismic performance of the structure is evaluated before and after retrofit in terms of maximum interstory drift ratio, top story displacement, residual displacement, and energy dissipation of dampers. Overall, the median of maximum interstory drift ratios is reduced from 3.8% to 1.6% and the residual displacement decreased in the x-direction which corresponds to the predominant mode shape of the structure. The analysis results show that the developed damper can provide cost-effective seismic protection of structures.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.29-44
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• 2020

The effectiveness and the sensitivity of a Wireless impedance/Admittance Monitoring System (WiAMS) for the prompt damage diagnosis of two single-storey single-span Reinforced Concrete (RC) frames under cyclic loading is experimentally investigated. The geometrical and the reinforcement characteristics of the RC structural members of the frames represent typical old RC frame structure without consideration of seismic design criteria. The columns of the frames are vulnerable to shear failure under lateral load due to their low height-to-depth ratio and insufficient transverse reinforcement. The proposed Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system comprises of specially manufactured autonomous portable devices that acquire the in-situ voltage frequency responses of a network of twenty piezoelectric transducers mounted to the RC frames. Measurements of external and internal small-sized piezoelectric patches are utilized for damage localization and assessment at various and increased damage levels as the magnitude of the imposed lateral cycle deformations increases. A bare RC frame and a strengthened one using a pair of steel crossed tension-ties (X-bracing) have been tested in order to check the sensitivity of the developed WiAMS in different structural conditions since crack propagation, damage locations and failure mode of the examined frames vary. Indeed, the imposed loading caused brittle shear failure to the column of the bare frame and the formation of plastic hinges at the beam ends of the X-braced frame. Test results highlighted the ability of the proposed SHM to identify incipient damages due to concrete cracking and steel yielding since promising early indication of the forthcoming critical failures before any visible sign has been obtained.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제17권1호통권74호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2005

본 논문은 스틸스터드로 구성된 골조에 경량기포모르터를 타설 양생하여 제작한 경량합성벽체의 반복가력 전단실험에 의한 에너지 소산능력과 압축내력 실험을 통한 압축성능의 평가에 대한 연구이다. 경량기포모르터의 유무, 경량기포모르터의 비중(0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2), 마감재(경량기포모르터, OSB, 석고보드) 및 브레이스의 유무, 벽체의 단위(1단위-$900mm{\times}2,400mm$, 2단위-$1,800mm{\times}2,400mm$)를 변수로 하여 실시하였던 경량합성벽체의 전단내력 평가 실험 가운데 반복 실험 결과를 동일 조건의 단조 실험과 비교하였다. 또한 기존 스틸하우스벽체와 경량합성벽체의 압축내력도 실험을 통해 조사하였다. 반복가력 실험결과, 단조가력 실험체의 거동과 약간의 차이를 보이고 있으며 이는 벽체에 채운 경량기포모르터의 비중에 따른 차이라고 생각된다. 압축내력 실험결과, 기존형 실험체에 비하여 경량기포모르터를 타설한 실험체의 최대내력은 2~2.5배, 초기강성은 2~3배 정도 증가하였다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제15권4호통권65호
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• pp.379-388
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• 2003

철골가새골조 내 가새 부재의 에너지 소산 등의 이력 특성을 조사하기 위하여 비선형 구조해석 프로그램인 DRAIN-2DX를 이용한 단층 구조물의 동적 해석을 수행하였다. 가새 부재의 세장비(KL/r) 및 구조물 반응 수정 계수(R)을 변수로 15개의 가새 부재가 설계되었고 인공지진을 포함 6개의 지진기록을 사용하여 구조해석을 수행하였다. 총 90개의 동적 해석 및 해석결과 비교 분석을 통하여 다음의 사실을 알 수 있었다. (1) 큰 반응 수정 계수(R)로 설계된 철골가새골조 내의 가새 부재가 구조물이 우수한 연성 거동을 통하여 큰 축적된 에너지 비$({\Sigma}E_C/E_T)$를 갖게 되리라 예상과는 달리 해석 결과 큰 R값으로 설계된 가새 부재가 좌굴 이후 심한 강도 저하를 보이고 작은 가새 부재력으로 설계되기 때문에 오히려 축적된 에너지 비$({\Sigma}E_C/E_T)$가 작았다. (2) 해석 결과 Lee and Bruneau (2002)에 의해 수집된 실험 결과들을 근거로한 실험 자료, 모두 세장한 가새 부재가 대부분의 경우 더 큰 연성을 갖기는 하지만 작은 축적된 에너지 비$({\Sigma}E_C/E_T)$를 갖고 있다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.491-506
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• 2014

Buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) have excellent hysteretic behavior while buckling-restrained braced frames (BRBFs) are susceptible to residual lateral deformations. To address this drawback, a novel self-centering (SC) BRB with Basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) composite tendons is presented in this work. The configuration and mechanics of proposed BFRP-SC-BRBs are first discussed. Then an 1840-mm-long BFRP-SC-BRB specimen is fabricated and tested to verify its hysteric and self-centering performance. The tested specimen has an expected flag-shaped hysteresis character, showing a distinct self-centering tendency. During the test, the residual deformation of the specimen is only about 0.6 mm. The gap between anchorage plates and welding ends of bracing tubes performs as expected with the maximum opening value 6 mm when brace is in compression. The OpenSEES software is employed to conduct numerical analysis. Experiment results are used to validate the modeling methodology. Then the proposed numerical model is used to evaluate the influence of initial prestress, tendon diameter and core plate thickness on the performance of BFRP-SC-BRBs. Results show that both the increase of initial prestress and tendon diameters can obviously improve the self-centering effect of BFRP-SC-BRBs. With the increase of core plate thickness, the energy dissipation is improved while the residual deformation is generated when the core plate strength exceeds initial prestress force.