• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.313-318
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• 2012

In this study, we propose a low-noise transceiver for 10GHz motion sensor. The transceiver presented here has a circuit(Hittite HMC908LC5) that is composed of a two way-$0^{\circ}$ power splitter(the 1:2 block) and a $90^{\circ}$ Hybrid. The noise reduction circuit utilizes an LNA followed by an image reject mixer which is driven by an LO buffer amplifier. A modeling and analysis have been pursued using CST MWS. A prototype sensor was manufactured to measure the performance and experimental results show that the proposed sensor is good enough to use for a accurate motion sensor.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 2003

This paper proposes downlink blocking model and approximation equation using lower bound approximation in order to determine the proper guard band between cdma2000 1X and WCDMA in handover areas. The frequency sharing conditions obtained by the model and approximation equation on blocking probability proposed in the paper, are co-site of base station and guard band higher than 1 MHz. Also, the proposed equation is in the form of Q-function. It is an analytical solution overcoming the drawback of recalculation, belonged to Monte-Carlo technique.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.11-21
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• 2022

GaN (Gallium-Nitride) is a promising candidate material in various radio frequency applications due to its inherent properties including wide bandgap, high carrier concentration, and high electron mobility/saturation velocity. Notably, AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field effect transistor exhibits high operating voltage and high power-density/power at high frequency. In next-generation radar systems, GaN power transistors and monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) are significant components of transmitting and receiving modules. In this paper, we introduce technological trends for C-/X-/Ku-band GaN MMICs including power amplifiers, low noise amplifiers and switch MMICs, focusing on the status of GaN MMIC fabrication technology and GaN foundry service. Additionally, we review the research for the localization of C-/X-/Ku-band GaN MMICs using in-house GaN transistor and MMIC fabrication technology. We also discuss the results of C-/X-/Ku-band GaN MMICs developed at Defense Materials and Components Convergence Research Department in ETRI.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.114-114
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• 2023

기상레이더는 대류권의 기상 관측에 널리 사용되며, 기상예보를 비롯하여 항공, 농업, 수문학 등 다양한 분야에서 활용하고 있다. 기상레이더센터는 SSPA(Solid State Power Amplifier) 기반 X-Band 주파수대역(9GHz)을 사용하는 연구용 소형기상레이더 관측망을 운영하고 있다. 주로 수도권 저층 대기에서 발생하는 위험 기상현상을 1분 단위로 빠르게 관측하면서 정확한 강수 정보생산을 위한 연구를 수행하고 있다. 레이더 관측 자료는 전파를 이용하여 넓은 범위에 분포하는 눈, 비, 우박 등 대기수상체를 관측하여, 강수량 추정을 통해 강수 정보를 생산한다. 이에 따라 레이더 관측 자료의 정확성과 신뢰도를 높이기 위해서 레이더 품질관리 기술 적용은 필수적이다. 기상레이더센터는 소형기상레이더로 관측한 이중편파 자료의 효과적인 품질관리를 위한 각종 자료처리 모듈을 개발하여, 실시간 자료처리 프로그램에 적용하였다. 우선, 저층 대기 관측 시 기상에코와 더불어 강한 반사도로 나타나는 지형에코를 판별하는 모듈과 선형 또는 쐐기형태의 전파간섭에코를 비롯한 비기상에코를 효과적으로 제거하는 기술을 개발하였다. 다음으로, X-Band 주파수대역 기상레이더 관측 자료의 취약점인 강한 강수 시 발생하는 반사도 감쇠 현상을 보정하기 위한 기술도 개발하였다. 소형기상레이더 품질관리 개발과 적용을 통하여 생산된 자료는 HSR(Hybrid Surface Rainfall), 레이더 강수량 추정, 대기수상체 등 다양한 기상 산출물 생산과 동시에 기상 감시 및 연구 분야에 효과적으로 활용하고 있다.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.43.1-43.1
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• 2018

Young pulsar wind nebulae, powered by energetic central pulsars, are often observed as bright extended sources in the X-ray band. They are believed to accelerate electrons and positrons to very high energy and can possibly explain the positron excess observed by Fermi and AMS. The electron distribution in these PWNe can be best studied by X-ray satellites because emission in the X-ray band is produced by direct synchrotron radiation of the electrons and positrons. We present NuSTAR studies of PWNe and discuss the implication. Future studies to help further our understanding of particle acceleration will be briefly discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.553-557
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• 1999

In order to investigate the optical properties of the $Al_XGa_{1-X}N/GaN$ thin film grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method, the photoluminescene (PL), photocurrent (PC) and persistent photoconductivity (PPC) measurements were carried out at room temperature. The band gap of the $A1_x$$Ga_{1-x}$N/GaN was determined to 3.70 eV by the PL and PC measurements. The PC measurement on the light illumination from the top of the $A1_x$$Ga_{1-x}$N/GaN thin film provides peaks at 3.70, 3.43, and around 2.2 eV. The PC spectrum by the illumination passing through from the substrate of the sample can be shown at 3.43 eV together with a broad tail band from the GaN band edge to around 2.23 eV. The photocurrent quenching and anomalous PPC decay observed in PPC measurements indicate that metastable electron states are fomed in the band gap of GaN layer to trap electrons which can be tunneled the potential barrier for long recovery time.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2012

In this study, we setup a ground-based scatterometer using an antenna of which the center frequency is 9.5 GHz (X-band), and measured radar backscatterings from air/ice and ice/water interfaces to extract ice thickness. Both of air/ice and ice/water interfaces make strong radar backscatterings and so we can clearly identify two peaks in measured data by scatterometer. By using the distance of two peaks and refractive index of ice, we confirmed that it is possible to measure ice thickness. Field survey was performed at the downstream of Jiam River flowing into Chuncheon Lake. We measured radar backscattering from river ice along a survey path and extracted ice thickness. The ice thickness map of the downstream of Jiam River was produced by using kriging which is one of well known interpolation methods. The ice thickness was about 50 cm along the mainstream while ice was thin as 30 ~ 40 cm at a fast-flowing meander. Ice thickness was particularly thinner at some locations than that of surrounding areas even in the mainstream region of constant flow. This was because of impurities in ice or artificially formed refrozen holes after fishing. We expect that this study helps to expand utilization field of X-band SAR and airborne scatterometer system.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.80-83
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• 2017

In this paper, the X-band reconfigurable frequency selective surface having flexible geometry was proposed. The proposed RFSS is composed of patterns of cross-shaped loop with inductive stub, which can control the frequency response for C-Band and X-band by ON/OFF state of PIN diode. To minimize the parasitic effect and to obtain the high level of isolation between the unit cell of FSS and the bias circuit, we designed the grid type bias line on bottom layer through via hole. The measured transmission characteristics show good agreement with the simulation results and good stability of frequency response for different incident angles and curvatures of surface.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.69-76
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• 2004

In this paper, a VCDRO (Voltage Control Dielectric Resonator Oscillator) with low phase noise for X-band application has been designed and fabricated. A low noise and low flicker noise MESFET and a high Q dielectric resonator were selected to obtain good phase noise Performance. Also, a varactor diode having high Q, qualify factor was used to reduce the loading effects and a big Gamma of diode was chosen for linearity of frequency over voltage tuning range. The fabricated circuits was simulated with circuit design tools, ADS to provide the optimum performances. As the measured results of fabricated oscillator, the output power was 5.8 ㏈m at center frequency 12.05㎓ and harmonic suppression -30㏈c, phase noise -114 ㏈c at 100 KHz offset frequency, respectively, and the frequency tuning range as the function of valtage applied to varactor diode was 15.2 MHz and its power variation with frequency was 0.2 ㏈. This oscillator could be available to a local oscillator in X-band.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.410-418
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• 2018

This paper describes the design, analysis, and verification tests of the Dual-axis X-band antenna pointing mechanism(XAPM) that has been developed for the Earth observation mission at low Earth orbits. Based on the experience of development and operation of the similar system, we defined the main points and requirements of the system design and confirmed the characteristics of the system through the verification test of the launch and orbit environment test of the engineering qualification model. Through the characteristics and verification techniques of the system acquired during this process, improvement points of the later qualification model are derived.