• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 1997

1μm-CdS films for a window layer of CdS/CuInSe2 solar cell have been prepared by vacuum of 1x10-3 mTorr. Source and substrate temperature ranges were used 800-1100'C and 50-200℃ respectively. Structural, electircal and optical properties of CdS films have been investigated by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SSEM), electrical resistivity, the Hall measurement and optical transmission spectra. Electrical resistivity and optical transmission of the CdS films decreased with the increase in CdS source temperature without substrate heating. All the films had hexagonal structure and strong texture with (002) orientation of grain normal to the substrate glass. CdS films evaporated at 1000℃ were the highest electrical conductivity of 0.9(S/cm). Electrical resistivity and optical transmission at the substrate temperature of 100℃ were 40(Ω,cm) and 80% respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.371-371
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• 2013

사파이어 단결정 웨이퍼는 제조과정에서 결정 성장 조건 및 기계적 연마에 의하여 내부적인 결함이 발생할 수 있다. 사파이어 단결정은 일반적으로 LED용 기판 재료로 사용되며, 내부결함이 발생 시 기판 위의 GaN 등 layer의 결함도 함께 증가하므로 기판의 결함을 줄이는 과정이 중요한 이슈이다. 이 과정에 X-선 토포그래피는 단결정의 내부 결함을 모니터링 하는데 있어서 매우 유용한 방법이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 사파이어 단결정 웨이퍼에 내재하는 결함 형태를 X-선 Lang 토포그래피 방법(X-ray Lang Topography)으로 이미징하여 관찰, 분석하였다. Lang 토포그래피 방법은 X-선 투과법으로 넓은 부분을 우수한 강도와 분해능으로 내부 결함을 관찰할 수 있는 장점을 지니고 있다. X-선 source는 Mo $k{\alpha}$ 1을 사용하였으며, 시료는 c-plane 사파이어 웨이퍼를 사용하였다. 사파이어 웨이퍼의 (110), (102) 회절면의 X-선 토포그래피 이미지를 통해 전위 결함의 유형에 따른 이미지 패턴의 형성 메커니즘에 대해 연구하였고, 측정 회절면과 두께, 표면 데미지에 따른 전위 결함 이미지의 변화를 확인하였다. X-선 토포그래피 이미지를 통해 단결정 c-plane 사파이어 웨이퍼의 전위 결함의 형성 메카니즘 연구와 유형별 이미지와 회절면, 두께, 표면 데미지에 따른 이미지 변화 등을 확인하였다.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.242-249
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• 2011

In this study, The degree of scoliosis, an algorithm that can automatically detect was developed. Developed system was used for X-ray imaging source. The formula for the degree of curvature of the spine of the S <0, and, L> 0 is satisfied with the condition $Y=SX^2+L$ is a function expression. X-axis length can be changed and applied equally in all spline function graph, and the slope is $S=-L/92^2$. The graph on the degree of scoliosis of the differential equation Y'= 2SX could see that the extracted spine wire for the classification and the classification of scoliosis, the degree is determined as the available algorithms.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.111-119
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• 2010

An artificial light source has a character that a light emits from a point to all directions with many radial and straight ray shapes. It is very difficult and complex to render those emitting lights. Also, users have difficulty in expressing exactly 3D objects because of colors varying with changing of a light and having many parameters. In this paper, to solve those problems we design an artificial light source using X3D to create a model that represents easily many radial and straight ray shapes and propose the online system that each factors of colors to be reflected by a light is separated and then users can control them to detect object's colors by a mouse. Various light sources with reality can be easily created using proposed system.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.29.3-29.3
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• 2008

1RXS J062518.2+733433. The X-ray data was obtained in April 6, 2006 with the XMM-Newton and the optical data with CCD R filter at the 1m telescope of the Lemonsan observatory in 2005-2006 for 11 nights. This source is classified as a magnetic cataclysmic variable with a spin period of 1187.3 s in the optical region. We determine the spin period to be $1187.26\pm0.11$ s using the X-ray data, which is well consistent with the optical studies. However, we find that the pulse profile of the data (0.2-10 keV) folded at the period is different from the quasi-sinusoidal optical profile and is dependent on the selected X-ray energy bands. The results of period searching with times of extrema will be also presented.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.63.3-63
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• 2001

Inspection and shape measurement of three-dimensional objects are widely needed in industries for quality monitoring and control. In this paper, we propose a three dimensional volume reconstruction method, which is an iterative method and as uniform and simulated algebraic reconstruction technique (USART). In this method, two or more x-ray images projected from different views are needed, and also the geometry of the imaging system need to be a priori identified well. That is to say, the relative locations between the x-ray source, imaging plane and the object should be determined exactly by calibration. To achieve this, we propose a series of coordinate calibration methods of the x-ray imaging system using grid pattern images. Some experimental results of these calibrations is presented and discussed in detail ...

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.07a
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• pp.284-287
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• 2004

Micro-structures fabricated by X-ray lithography are largely affected by doses, development conditions and other factors. For these reasons, PMMA development rates and its surface profiles under various development conditions were obseued. Development rates were measured in the rage from 1 to 6 $kJ/cm^3$ using the 9C1 white beamline of Pohang light source(PLS). In this experiment, we observed that development rates of stacked PMMA sheet using Si filter were relatively higher than that of not using Si filter. Furthermore, development rates in condition with the acoustic agitation(1 MHz, 3.67 $W/cm^3$) were twice than that in dipping condition with $35^{\circ}C$ developer considering the PMMA sheets-substrate bond strength

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.40-40
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• 1996

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.125-131
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• 2006

The existing X-ray generators are either ones which are settled at fixed places or ones which are movable to sick rum. Movable generators can be very useful according to the circumstances of patients, but there remains a restraint that AC220[V] in the hospitals must be provided. When examining a first-aid patient who stays distant from the hospital or when grouping patients caused by disaster, the services of doctors at emergency centers should be very restrictive. Hence, this study developed a portable digital X-ray power supply unit that are utilizable at the accident spot or in a moving ambulance. By using the nit, the information of patients can be transmitted to the emergency center on the spot and thereby doctors can make a correct diagnosis. The properties of the unit are as follows: First, portable batteries(DCl2[V]) are utilized as electric source for the wit. Second PIC16F84A is utilized as control circuit in order to guarantee considerable reliance and to provide various functions. This portable digital X-ray power supply unit is expected to contribute to the emergency medical service system to be more advanced.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.439-446
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• 2023

Objectives: The aims of this study are to investigate how X-rays are emitted to surrounding parts during the ion implantation process, to analyze these emissions in relation to the properties of the ion implanter equipment, and to estimate the resulting exposure dose. Eight ion implanters equipped with high-voltage electrical systems were selected for this study. Methods: We monitored X-ray emissions at three locations outside of the ion implanters: the accelerator equipped with a high-voltage energy generator, the impurity ion source, and the beam line. We used a Personal Portable Dose Rate and Survey Meter to monitor real-time X-ray levels. The SX-2R probe, an X-ray Features probe designed for use with the Radiagem^TM meter, was also utilized to monitor lower ranges of X-ray emissions. The counts per second (CPS) measured by the meter were estimated and then converted to a radiation dose (𝜇Sv/hr) based on a validated calibration graph between CPS and μGy/hr. Results: X-rays from seven ion implanters were consistently detected in high-voltage accelerator gaps, regardless of their proximity. X-rays specifically emanated from three ion implanters situated in the ion box gap and were also found in the beam lines of two ion implanters. The intensity of these X-rays did not show a clear pattern relative to the devices' age and electric properties, and notably, it decreased as the distance from the device increased. Conclusions: In conclusion, every gap, in which three components of the ion implanter devices were divided, was found to be insufficiently shielded against X-ray emissions, even though the exposure levels were not estimated to be higher than the threshold.