• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.211-214
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• 2006

Immobilized Candida antarctica lipase was used to catalyze the separation of ketoprofen into its components by means of esterification followed by the enzymatic hydrolysis of the ester product. In this study, ketoprofen underwent esterification to ethanol in the presence of isooctane. When the reaction was complete, 58.3% of the ketoprofen had been transformed into an ester. The ketoprofen remaining in solution after the reaction was complete consisted primarily of its S-enantiomer (83.0%), while the 59.4% of the ketoprofen component of the ester consisted of its R-enantiomer. We then subjected the ester product to enzymatic hydrolysis in the presence of the same enzyme and produced a ketoprofen product rich in the R-enantiomer; 77% of this product consisted of the R-enantiomer when 50% of the ester had been hydrolyzed, and 90% of it consisted of the R-enantiomer when 30% of the ester had been hydrolyzed. By contrast, the R-enantiomer levels only reached approximately 42 and 65%, respectively, when 50 and 30% of the racemic ester was hydrolyzed under the same conditions.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.2146-2156
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• 2017

When a failure occurs in active distribution system, it will be isolated through the action of circuit breakers and sectionalizing switches. As a result, the network might be divided into several connected components, in which distributed generations could supply power for customers. Aimed at decreasing customer interruption cost, this paper proposes a theoretically optimal island partition model for such connected components, and a simplified but more practical model is also derived. The model aims to calculate a dynamic island partition schedule during the failure recovery time period, instead of a static islanding status. Fluctuation and stochastic characteristics of the renewable distributed generations and loads are considered, and the interruption cost functions of the loads are fitted. To solve the optimization model, a heuristic search algorithm based on the hill climbing method is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm is evaluated by comparing with an existing static island partitioning model and intelligent algorithms, respectively.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS Vol.1
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• pp.425-427
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• 2006

It is quite difficult to transfer the National Height System 1985 to the island in China. In the study, one feasible and alternative way, which measures synchronally the tide variation at the island and the coast , is firstly introduced. Then, a new method is proposed. This new method combines GPS technique and Quasi-Geoid Determination technique (GQGD). It needs gravity data, GPS data, leveling data and DEM data, together with complex calculation method and the Earth gravity model. After describing the mathematical model and presenting the calculational steps, one experiment has been shown that this method is valid and can achieve accuracy up to 5 cm for the normal height, compared with the results both from the tidal observation and height approximation. Some suggestion is also given in the end.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.249-252
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• 2011

Scutellaria tuberifera C. Y. Wu & C. Chen belonging to Lamiaceae, a species previously unrecorded for Korean flora, was collected streamside in the Andeok valley of Seogwipo-Si, on Jeju island. This species can be distinguished from others of Scutellaria from Korea by having rhizomes with leafless and branching stolons at the nodes, globose to ovoid tubers 5-7 mm in diameter at the terminal parts, and stems densely spreading pilose. Photos of the habit and illustration are provided.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.1213-1224
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• 2021

Objective: To develop a machine learning (ML) pipeline based on radiomics to predict Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and the future deterioration to critical illness using CT and clinical variables. Materials and Methods: Clinical data were collected from 981 patients from a multi-institutional international cohort with real-time polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19. Radiomics features were extracted from chest CT of the patients. The data of the cohort were randomly divided into training, validation, and test sets using a 7:1:2 ratio. A ML pipeline consisting of a model to predict severity and time-to-event model to predict progression to critical illness were trained on radiomics features and clinical variables. The receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (ROC-AUC), concordance index (C-index), and time-dependent ROC-AUC were calculated to determine model performance, which was compared with consensus CT severity scores obtained by visual interpretation by radiologists. Results: Among 981 patients with confirmed COVID-19, 274 patients developed critical illness. Radiomics features and clinical variables resulted in the best performance for the prediction of disease severity with a highest test ROC-AUC of 0.76 compared with 0.70 (0.76 vs. 0.70, p = 0.023) for visual CT severity score and clinical variables. The progression prediction model achieved a test C-index of 0.868 when it was based on the combination of CT radiomics and clinical variables compared with 0.767 when based on CT radiomics features alone (p < 0.001), 0.847 when based on clinical variables alone (p = 0.110), and 0.860 when based on the combination of visual CT severity scores and clinical variables (p = 0.549). Furthermore, the model based on the combination of CT radiomics and clinical variables achieved time-dependent ROC-AUCs of 0.897, 0.933, and 0.927 for the prediction of progression risks at 3, 5 and 7 days, respectively. Conclusion: CT radiomics features combined with clinical variables were predictive of COVID-19 severity and progression to critical illness with fairly high accuracy.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.247-251
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• 2020

We report a new distribution of Sedum kiangnanense D. Q. Wang & Z. F. Wu on the Korean Peninsula. This species was first reported in China and is distributed in Anhui and Zhejiang provinces. We found this species on Hongdo Island in Heuksan-myeon, Shinan-gun, Jeollanam-do in the Republic of Korea. S. kiangnanense is well distinguished from other species in Korea by 4- or 5-verticillate leaves on the sterile stems and a spatulate leaf shape. We provide its morphological description, detailed illustrations, and a key to related taxa. We have given this species a new Korean name, Ip-kkot-dol-na-mul, which means flower-like leaved sedum.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
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• pp.16-18
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• 2008

Because of being environmentally friendly, renewable energy resources has been growing at a high rate. Wind energy is one of the most successfully utilized of such sources for producing electrical energy. Due to the randomness of wind speed, wind farms can not supply power with a balanceable level as well as conventional power plants. The reliability evaluation of wind power is more and more important. Capacity credit is used to estimate the capacity credit of power systems including wind farms. This paper presents a method of capacity credit calculation for a power system considered wind farms and shows how it gets study on an actual power system (the Jeju Island power system). The paper describes the step of capacity credit calculation and presents test results, which indicate its effectiveness.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.43-47
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• 2001

The waste home appliances including television sets, refrigerators, washing machines and air conditioners have increasingly received environmental concerns in Taiwan. In light of the enforcement of Waste Disposal Act (WDA), the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) has certified 60 recycling/storage facilities and given permission for qualified companies to build six treatment plants around the island. Now the recycling and well treatment home appliances are estimated to be 3,342,369 units until May 31, 2001. This paper describes the present status of waste home appliance recycle and its treatment in Taiwan. The principle guidelines and policies regarding recycling, resource recovery and environmental concerns are presented.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.575-584
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• 2016

Considering the randomness and uncertainty of wind power, a reliability model of WTGs is established based on the combination of the Weibull distribution and the Markov chain. To analyze the failure mode quickly, we use the switch-section partitioning method. After defining the first-level load zone node, we can obtain the supply power sets of the first-level load zone nodes with each WTG. Based on the supply sets, we propose the dynamic division strategy of island operation. By adopting the fault analysis method with the attributes defined in the switch-section, we evaluate the reliability of the distribution network with WTGs using a sequential Monte Carlo simulation method. Finally, using the IEEE RBTS Bus6 test system, we demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed model and method by comparing different schemes to access the WTGs.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.401-410
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• 2003

제주도 북제주군 우도의 서쪽에 분포하는 서광리 해안에는 3개의 해빈이 발달해 있으며, 이 해빈들에는 모두 홍조단괴로만 이루어져 있는 해빈퇴적물이 분포한다. 해빈을 이루는 홍조단괴 퇴적물은 조립 샌드에서 그래뉼로 입자의 크기에 따라 해빈과 평행한 방향으로 대상분포하고 있으며, 해안가의 암반 사이와 해빈의 북쪽에 위치하는 방파제에는 자갈 크기의 홍조단괴가 밀집되어 퇴적되어 있다. 이는 서광리 앞의 천해에서 성장하던 홍조단괴가 태풍 에 의해 해안가로 운반되었기 때문으로 생각된다. 홍조단괴를 이루는 홍조류에 대한 조직적 관찰 결과, 대부분의 홍조류는 덮개상 홍조류의 일종인 Lithophyllum sp.로 분류된다. 해빈을 이루는 조립 샌드에서 그래뉼의 홍조단괴는 핵을 중심으로 천해에서 성장하다가 파랑에 의해 그 표면이 심하게 마모된 것이 특징이다. 또한 자갈에서 왕자 갈 크기의 홍조단괴는 다른 생물체의 각질을 포함하고 있거나, 태선류와 같은 덮개상 동물과 함께 자란 것도 관찰 할 수 있다. 홍조단괴는 성장함에 따라 그 형태가 동심원상에서 동상으로 변화해 가는데, 이는 홍조단괴가 자라면서 크기가 커짐에 따라 조류나 파랑에 의해 잘 뒤집히거나 구르지 않게 되고 비교적 에너지가 낮은 지점에서 성장하였음을 의미한다. 홍조단괴 내에 형성된 공극(콘셉터클, 태선류 내의 공극, 천공 등)에는 천해 교질작용에 의해 형성된 구과상이나 침상의 아라고나이트 교질물과 방해석 교질물이 발견된다. 서광리 앞 천해에서 많은 홍조단괴가 성장하는 것은 이 지역이 홍조단괴의 성장에 알맞은 해양학적 조건을 가지고 있기 때문이다. 즉 이 지역은 수온이 약 19$^{\circ}C$ 정도로 연중 따뜻하고, 하천을 통한 화산쇄설성 퇴적물의 유입이 없어 바닷물이 매우 맑은 상태로 유지되기 때문에 홍조류의 서식에 알맞은 조건을 가지고 있다. 또한 우도수로의 천해 지역은 수심이 대부분 15 m 정도로 얕아 매우 빠른 조류가 흐르며, 이러한 빠른 조류와 파랑으로 인해 홍조류가 빈번히 뒤집히거나 구르며 성장하여 홍조단괴를 형성한 것으로 생각된다. 또한 여름철마다 이 지역에 영향을 주고 있는 태풍은 홍조단괴의 성장에 기여를 한 것으로 추정된다.