• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 2009

The manufacture date of the number 198 wooden tablet excavated at Anapji is estimated to be between year 751 and 774. As medical artifacts around this period of time is scarce, the discovery of an artifact with distinct medical information such as names of medicinal drugs recorded in hand writing holds great value in the history of medicine. This wooden tablet was presumably a prescription for a medicinal formula. That the '灸' character which is a method of processing drugs is found after '甘草' indicates the possibility of this wooden tablet to be a practical form of prescription. On this slip, a certain sign can be found at the upper right corner of the names of drugs. This is thought to be an additional sign added to the original text. It seems to have been originated from the letter '了', based on the composition and finishing touches of the strokes, presumably to confirm the end of a work by adding the letter '了' which means 'to finish'. The base material of 靑黛 and 藍淀 are the same, and the two often took each other's place in a prescription. It is difficult to find an example of a formula where both drugs are included. Therefore, the prescription on the front with 靑黛, and the one on the back with 藍淀 of tablet 198 can be understood as separate formulas.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2006

This research is based on the information compiled on the occurrence of maritime casualties onboard ships registered under Central American Region (CAR) flag States. Due to nonexistence of writing reports in anyone of the countries that are integrating this Region, the information was compiled by the author through personal communication with the people involved in the casualties. The information was compiled by typing up the text and digitizing on the computer for the respective data base. For each casualty occurred, the following information was compiled, date and type of the casualty, position of the ship at the time of the casualty, dimension of the ship, number of people affected by the casualty, and cause and consequences of the casualty. Based on the number of people affected (death and disappear) by the casualties occurred was calculated the mortality rate by 100,000 persons and then compared with the Japanese mortality rate. Furthermore were analyzed the CAR maritime authorities competences and then were compared to that the Japanese counter part. In addition, the implementation rate of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and International Labor Organization (ILO) conventions ratified by the CAR countries were analyzed. The objective of this research was to compiled and analyze the occurrences of maritime casualties happened on board the ships registered under the CAR Flag States, in order to determine the causes of these accidents. The results of the analysis enable us to better understand of the maritime safety situation of the ships that are registered under the CAR flag States. In order to reduce the occurrence of maritime casualties are proposed a series of measures based on the differences found then the comparison between CAR and Japan. Based on the results of this research, is possible to conclude that the inaccessibility of atmospheric information and the lack of safety measures onboard has been the main cause of the maritime casualties happened in the Pacific side of the CAR.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.339-365
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• 2011

Charlotte $Bront{\ddot{e}}^{\prime}s$ novel Jane Eyre has long been doted on as one of the canonized texts of British literature since its publication. Seemingly, this romantic novel has nothing to do with plantation based on slave trade. However, paying a keen attention to the fact that Jane's enormous inheritance results from wine plantation at a colony, this essay re-interprets Bertha's drinking and madness as evidence of imperialism. For the porter/jin Bertha and Grace Poole enjoy might have some suspicious connection with wine, the very root of Jane's great expectations. Jean Ryes' Wide Sargasso Sea, writing Jane Eyre back, records Bertha as "a white resident of the West Indies, a colonizer of European descent" (326). However, Jane Eyre, in my interpretation, describes Bertha pretty much as a black Creole. At any rate, the view that the white West Indians are tainted by miscegenation proves contemporary racism and is reflected in the text through Bertha and her mother's intemperate drinking and madness. Drinking and madness are stigmatized as the evidence of the so-called "bad blood"; embodying the stereotypes of drinking, madness, and sexual corruption, Creoles, the very inescapable product of imperialism, provide a convenient excuse for justifying imperialism for purity, civilization, and moral cleanness. In this way, Jane Eyre needs to be re-interpreted politically and historically in the context of colonialism. British imperialism pursues a tremendous amount of profits through grape plantation and wine trades; however, it cleverly leaves in the colony the associated images such as intemperate drinking and madness. Bertha, transferred from Jamaica to Britain, takes in these negative images of "savageness." Transcending the narrow confines of feminist criticism obsessed with doubling between Bertha and Jane, this essay, accordingly, reads Bertha the prisoner in the attic as the captive for perpetuating imperialism. This reading hinges upon interpreting Rochester and St John as colonizers bearing the so-called "white men's burden" to cultivate and civilize savages much like crops such as grapes and sugarcane in the colonial plantation.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 2021

This study is to propose a communication strengthening teaching model using action learning for Spanish learners, and to verify its effectiveness through a case study of Spanish lessons. This study was conducted under the same conditions by dividing 91 students from September 1 to December 20, 2019 into experiment and control classes. As a result of the experiment, both classes improved their writing ability to some extent, but the learners in the experimental class applying action learning showed more meaningful results in terms of the content, expressions, fluency of the text, and the affective domain test also showed a significant difference. The development of this teaching model, which is necessary for learner-centered convergence activities, is expected to be of academic significance as it can be used for other foreign language class activities as well as improving Spanish communication.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.311-336
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• 2022

This study analyzed the contents of Goodreads review data, which is a social cataloging service with the participation of book users around the world, to identify the preference factors that affect book users' book recommendations in the library information service environment. To understand user preferences from a more detailed point of view, sub-datasets for each rating group, each book, and each user were constructed in the sample selection process. Stratified sampling was also performed based on the result of topic modeling of review text data to include various topics. As a result, a total of 90 preference factors belonging to 7 categories('Content', 'Character', 'Writing', 'Reading', 'Author', 'Story', 'Form') were identified. Also, the general preference factors revealed according to the ratings, as well as the patterns of preference factors revealed in books and users with clear likes and dislikes were identified. The results of this study are expected to contribute to more sophisticated recommendations in future recommendation systems by identifying specific aspects of user preference factors.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.29-44
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• 2017

In Internet commerce, consumers are heavily influenced by product reviews written by other users who have already purchased the product. However, as the product reviews accumulate, it takes a lot of time and effort for consumers to individually check the massive number of product reviews. Moreover, product reviews that are written carelessly actually inconvenience consumers. Thus many online vendors provide mechanisms to identify reviews that customers perceive as most helpful (Cao et al. 2011; Mudambi and Schuff 2010). For example, some online retailers, such as Amazon.com and TripAdvisor, allow users to rate the helpfulness of each review, and use this feedback information to rank and re-order them. However, many reviews have only a few feedbacks or no feedback at all, thus making it hard to identify their helpfulness. Also, it takes time to accumulate feedbacks, thus the newly authored reviews do not have enough ones. For example, only 20% of the reviews in Amazon Review Dataset (Mcauley and Leskovec, 2013) have more than 5 reviews (Yan et al, 2014). The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting the usefulness of online product reviews and to derive a forecasting model that selectively provides product reviews that can be helpful to consumers. In order to do this, we extracted the various linguistic, psychological, and perceptual elements included in product reviews by using text-mining techniques and identifying the determinants among these elements that affect the usability of product reviews. In particular, considering that the characteristics of the product reviews and determinants of usability for apparel products (which are experiential products) and electronic products (which are search goods) can differ, the characteristics of the product reviews were compared within each product group and the determinants were established for each. This study used 7,498 apparel product reviews and 106,962 electronic product reviews from Amazon.com. In order to understand a review text, we first extract linguistic and psychological characteristics from review texts such as a word count, the level of emotional tone and analytical thinking embedded in review text using widely adopted text analysis software LIWC (Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count). After then, we explore the descriptive statistics of review text for each category and statistically compare their differences using t-test. Lastly, we regression analysis using the data mining software RapidMiner to find out determinant factors. As a result of comparing and analyzing product review characteristics of electronic products and apparel products, it was found that reviewers used more words as well as longer sentences when writing product reviews for electronic products. As for the content characteristics of the product reviews, it was found that these reviews included many analytic words, carried more clout, and related to the cognitive processes (CogProc) more so than the apparel product reviews, in addition to including many words expressing negative emotions (NegEmo). On the other hand, the apparel product reviews included more personal, authentic, positive emotions (PosEmo) and perceptual processes (Percept) compared to the electronic product reviews. Next, we analyzed the determinants toward the usefulness of the product reviews between the two product groups. As a result, it was found that product reviews with high product ratings from reviewers in both product groups that were perceived as being useful contained a larger number of total words, many expressions involving perceptual processes, and fewer negative emotions. In addition, apparel product reviews with a large number of comparative expressions, a low expertise index, and concise content with fewer words in each sentence were perceived to be useful. In the case of electronic product reviews, those that were analytical with a high expertise index, along with containing many authentic expressions, cognitive processes, and positive emotions (PosEmo) were perceived to be useful. These findings are expected to help consumers effectively identify useful product reviews in the future.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.41-60
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• 2008

The acupuncture and moxibustion documentary characteristics of the "Dong-insuhyeolchimgudogyeong(銅人腧穴鍼灸圖經)" can be summarized into 5 parts such as the following. 1. The Index of Books lists the author of "Dong-indogyeong" as 'Wang-yuil(王惟一)' in some and 'Wang-yudeok(王惟德)' in others. Of these 'Wang-yudeok' is the name in the printed book and 'Yuil(惟一)' was the name it was changed into in order to make it different from the emperor Jinjong(眞宗) of the Song dynasty. Also, the sequence differs greatly among the original editions and sometimes even conflicts within itself, which makes very likely the possibility that the author of this book is not just one person, and that Wangyuil is just the main editor or screener. 2. The original printed edition of the Song(宋) dynasty has 3 volumes and the Cheonsoeng Seokgak(天聖 石刻) of the Song dynasty also has 3 volumes, but 'Hyeolsudosu(穴腧都數)', 'Sumyeongdanggyeolsik(修明堂訣式)', and 'Pichimgugyeol(避鍼灸訣)' were added to the 3rd volume. Of these three 'Pichimgugyeol(避鍼灸訣)' explains the 'Chimgupigijido(鍼灸避忌之圖)' of the 2nd volume in writing, 'Sumyeongdanggyeolsik(修明堂訣式)' explains the three human drawings from the front, side and lying down views in writing and was used to make bronze figures. 'Hyeolsudosu(穴腧都數)' was possibly used to draw acupuncture points when making bronze figures. During the Daejeong(大定) era of the Keum(金) dynasty Jinssi(陳氏) from the Pyeongsuseobang(平水書坊) revised this book and carved it into 5 volumes, and of those the 1st and 2nd volumes have characters that are very different from those of the rubbed copy of the stone carvings[石刻 拓本] from the Myeong(明) dynasty, which shows that it was taken from another book and not from the original text. The 3rd volume has added content from the stone carvings about accupuncture and moxibustion contraindication(鍼灸禁忌). During the Myeong dynasty the 3 volumes of the "Dong-indogyeong(銅人圖經)" were carved on wood based on the Jungtong Sukgan(正統 石刻), and there were many reprints with the contents that are almost all the same, but the order of the original edition were not all the same. When analyzed from many angles, the original printed copy was carved after the Jungtong(正統) of the Myung dynasty. 3. The content on transport points[輸血] in "Dong-indogyeong(銅人圖經)" comes mostly from books like "Oedae(外臺)" 'Myeongdang(明堂)', "Taepyeongseonghyebang(太平聖惠方)" 'Chimgyeong(鍼經)', "Yeongchugyeong(靈樞經)", Wangbing(王冰)'s annotation of "Somun(素問)", "Cheon-geumyobang(千金要方)" 'Chimgu(鍼灸)', and does not have much new content added by Wang-yuil(王惟一). However when Wang quotes past documents, little is summarized, some are edited and most do not have their origin indicated(the titles of other books quoted in the book are to give some supplementary explanation or are copied from another book). 4. There are many mistakes Wangyuil made in using documents and doing historical research and they can be seen in two fields. One is that he did not fix the errors of past documents, and the other is that he did not know the sequence of past documents or did not understand the meaning of the text. 5. The content Wangyuil newly added can mostly be seen in the few annotations and aneo(按語) under the original 'Geumbu(今附)'('Sinbu(新附)'). In order to see Wang's scholarly ideas and achievements we must rely on this part and the meridian entry of the transport points[輸血歸經] in the first part of the book. However we must not give credit to Wang for work that was done by former generations.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.55
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• pp.147-172
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• 2014

Kang Jae Eung translated "Sang-bong-lok" of Kang Ho Boo from Korean into Chinese. There is Yeonhaengnok(燕行錄) written in with Korean and Chinese among 500 Yeonhaengnok(燕行錄). Especially it is very rare that is translated from Korean into Chinese. Because of there aspect, it is valuable and worth studying. "Sang-bong-lok" was 3 series by origin, but now we have only 2 series. That is the original text written in Chinese by Kang Ho Boo, a Korean version by Kang Ho Boo, and Chinese translated of Korean version by his descindants Kang Jae Eung. Original text dosen't exists now undiscovered yet. Chinese version "Sang-bong-lok" is distinguished from the other Yeonhaengnok(燕行錄) and classical novel in form and contents. In formal aspect, Chinese version "Sang-bong-lok" describes an industry remarks in prologue. This industry remark describes standard and form of writing. Looking industry remark, you can find that Kang Jae Eung didn't add or subject the sentence of original text and distinguished between his own sentence and original text. This compiling system distinguishing compiler from original writter is rare enough to so that you cannot find it in other Yeonhaengnok(燕行錄). In contents, Kang Jae Eung almost transcribed Korean Yeonhaengnok(燕行錄) without subtraction and added special information to promote the view of Kang Ho Boo. After discription, Kang Jae Eung covered all information and reviewed it and added opinion to it. Kang Jae Eung's conclusion is sometimes same or different from Kang Ho Boo's. Anyway it is worthy of noticing that Kang Jae Eung wrote his opinion after Kang Ho Boo's sentence.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.33-54
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• 2021

With the fourth industrial revolution and the arrival of the New Normal era due to Corona, the importance of Non-contact technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data research has been increasing. Convergent research is being conducted in earnest to keep up with these research trends, but not many studies have been conducted in the area of nuclear research using artificial intelligence and big data-related technologies such as natural language processing and text mining analysis. This study was conducted to confirm the applicability of data science analysis techniques to the field of nuclear research. Furthermore, the study of identifying trends in nuclear spent fuel recognition is critical in terms of being able to determine directions to nuclear industry policies and respond in advance to changes in industrial policies. For those reasons, this study conducted a media trend analysis of pyroprocessing, a spent nuclear fuel treatment technology. We objectively analyze changes in media perception of spent nuclear fuel dry treatment techniques by applying text mining analysis techniques. Text data specializing in Naver's web news articles, including the keywords "Pyroprocessing" and "Sodium Cooled Reactor," were collected through Python code to identify changes in perception over time. The analysis period was set from 2007 to 2020, when the first article was published, and detailed and multi-layered analysis of text data was carried out through analysis methods such as word cloud writing based on frequency analysis, TF-IDF and degree centrality calculation. Analysis of the frequency of the keyword showed that there was a change in media perception of spent nuclear fuel dry treatment technology in the mid-2010s, which was influenced by the Gyeongju earthquake in 2016 and the implementation of the new government's energy conversion policy in 2017. Therefore, trend analysis was conducted based on the corresponding time period, and word frequency analysis, TF-IDF, degree centrality values, and semantic network graphs were derived. Studies show that before the 2010s, media perception of spent nuclear fuel dry treatment technology was diplomatic and positive. However, over time, the frequency of keywords such as "safety", "reexamination", "disposal", and "disassembly" has increased, indicating that the sustainability of spent nuclear fuel dry treatment technology is being seriously considered. It was confirmed that social awareness also changed as spent nuclear fuel dry treatment technology, which was recognized as a political and diplomatic technology, became ambiguous due to changes in domestic policy. This means that domestic policy changes such as nuclear power policy have a greater impact on media perceptions than issues of "spent nuclear fuel processing technology" itself. This seems to be because nuclear policy is a socially more discussed and public-friendly topic than spent nuclear fuel. Therefore, in order to improve social awareness of spent nuclear fuel processing technology, it would be necessary to provide sufficient information about this, and linking it to nuclear policy issues would also be a good idea. In addition, the study highlighted the importance of social science research in nuclear power. It is necessary to apply the social sciences sector widely to the nuclear engineering sector, and considering national policy changes, we could confirm that the nuclear industry would be sustainable. However, this study has limitations that it has applied big data analysis methods only to detailed research areas such as "Pyroprocessing," a spent nuclear fuel dry processing technology. Furthermore, there was no clear basis for the cause of the change in social perception, and only news articles were analyzed to determine social perception. Considering future comments, it is expected that more reliable results will be produced and efficiently used in the field of nuclear policy research if a media trend analysis study on nuclear power is conducted. Recently, the development of uncontact-related technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data research is accelerating in the wake of the recent arrival of the New Normal era caused by corona. Convergence research is being conducted in earnest in various research fields to follow these research trends, but not many studies have been conducted in the nuclear field with artificial intelligence and big data-related technologies such as natural language processing and text mining analysis. The academic significance of this study is that it was possible to confirm the applicability of data science analysis technology in the field of nuclear research. Furthermore, due to the impact of current government energy policies such as nuclear power plant reductions, re-evaluation of spent fuel treatment technology research is undertaken, and key keyword analysis in the field can contribute to future research orientation. It is important to consider the views of others outside, not just the safety technology and engineering integrity of nuclear power, and further reconsider whether it is appropriate to discuss nuclear engineering technology internally. In addition, if multidisciplinary research on nuclear power is carried out, reasonable alternatives can be prepared to maintain the nuclear industry.

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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• no.37
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• pp.5-45
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• 2018

Today, in the case of literary works such as modern poetry, novels, 'literature production : literature acceptance' are relatively simple as 'writing : reading'. However, in classical literature, there are ways of 'singing, chanting, narrating, performing, public reading, writing : listening, reading.' Modern literary works such as poetry and novels are sole arts made up only of literature, but classical literature have many complex arts accompanied by music, theater, etc. In order to understand the way classical literature, it is necessary to consider music, theater, etc. also. There are a number of subjects to research today in relation to the accepting method of classical literature. There are such things at Hyang-ga (향가), Goryeo Sog-yo (고려속요), Sijo (시조) and Gasa (가사) in of classical poetry. There is a public reading in classical novels. There is securing video materialㄴ for narrators in oral literature. And there are Si-chang (시창. 詩唱) and aloud reading in chinese proses. 'Listening literature', such as the oral literature needs to have the A. Lord's 'formular theory' - 'formular' (general words), 'themes' (general subject), and 'improvisation.' It is the opposite of contemporary poetry and novels that value ' special words', 'special contents', and 'original text.' Classical literature with a great deal of 'listening literature' besides ' reading literature' needs to have this 'formular theory' too basically. In the case of 'excessive pornographic' oriented events in Goryeo Gayo (고려가요) and Pansori (판소리), a vision is required to set up a space for the realization of literature. The haman basic elements like a man and woman's body subject can be evoked as a literature means at open place for anonymous people. Unlike modern poetry and novels, which are 'reading literature', and contain only literature, classical literature have 'listening literature' besides 'reading literature', and have complex arts - classical poetry (literature and music), and oral literature (literature, music, theater etc.) These aspects are available to research modern mass media literature, which are all 'listening literature,' and all complex arts - pop songs (literature and music), movies (literature, drama, image, music etc.) and TV dramas (literature, drama, image, music etc.). Thus, a proper understanding and consideration of the accepting method is very important in understanding, researching and educating classical literature.