• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.100-104
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• 2018

Purpose: An axillary crutch is the most commonly used assistive device in foot and ankle patients who require nonweightbearing. On the other hand, its use frequently induces axillary or wrist pain and critical neurovascular injuries have been reported in several studies. This study compared the clinical outcomes of patients using the knee walker and axillary crutch. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed comparing the utility of a knee walker and axillary crutch as a nonweightbearing ambulatory aid for 62 foot and ankle patients treated between November 2016 and March 2018. A comparative study of the two orthosis could be performed because all the patients temporarily used an axillary crutch before or after the use of a knee walker. A demographic study and comparative analysis based on the visual analogue scale (VAS) satisfaction score (0~100), complications, and fall down history were evaluated. Furthermore, under the assumption of having retreatment, their preference of orthosis between the knee walker and axillary crutch was investigated. Results: The mean age of the patients was 36.5 and the mean duration of ambulation with a knee walker and axillary crutch were 5.2 and 2.4 weeks. The VAS satisfaction score of the knee walker and crutch was 88.8 and 27.5, respectively (p<0.05). The most frequent complications of the knee walker and crutch were ipsilateral knee pain (6 cases) and axillary or wrist pain (56 cases), respectively. No case of falling down occurred during knee walker ambulation, but there were two cases of crutch ambulation. Fifty-eight patients (93.5%) preferred the knee walker and four patients (6.5%) preferred a crutch. Conclusion: Compared to the axillary crutch, the knee walker afforded lower complication and higher satisfaction. Most patients preferred the knee walker to a crutch. Therefore, the knee walker is an efficient and safe orthosis for foot and ankle patients who require nonweightbearing.

• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2004

목적: 인라인 스케이트 사용자가 증가함에 따라 부상도 증가하여 인라인 스케이트 손상에 대한 인식이 높아지고 있는 상태이나, 부상 요인 정도에 대한 연구가 미흡하여 인라인 스케이트와 관련된 급성 손상과 과사용 손상에 대해 알아보고, 이런 손상을 예방할 수 있는 방법에 대해 기술하고자 한다. 결과: 급성 손상은 주로 10대에서 많이 발생하고, 도로나 인도변에서 동작의 미숙이나 충돌에 의해 발생하며, 손상은 요골 원위부 골절, 손목 관절 염좌, 주관절 부위 골절 순으로 많이 발생 하였으며, 보호 장비를 제대로 착용하지 않은 경우가 많았다. 과사용 손상은 주로 인라인 상급자에서 발생하는데, 이 손상은 대개 부츠 자체 때문에 발생하거나, 부츠에 관련하여 발생하거나, 적절하지 않은 스케이팅 기술에 의해 발생하는 것으로 생각된다. 결론: 인라인 스케이트와 관련된 손상중 급성 손상을 예방하기 위해서는 보호 장비를 잘 착용하고, 정지 동작들을 정확하게 습득한 후, 안전한 장소에서 탈 수 있도록 교육을 시켜야 할 것으로 생각된다. 또한 과사용 손상을 예방하기 위해서는 발에 잘 맞는 스케이트를 선택하는 것이 중요하고, 정확한 스케이팅 기술의 습득과 충분한 휴식을 하는 것이 중요하겠다.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

Purpose: The perforator flaps have established their role in the reconstruction of various soft tissue defects. For the last five years, we have extensively used anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap for the reconstruction of the complex tissue defects of the hand and upper extremity and report the clinical results and our experiences with the versatile applications of this flap. Materials and Methods: From March 2003 through May 2008, 119 free ALT perforator flaps were transferred for reconstruction of the complex tissue defects of the elbow, forearm, wrist and hand after crushing or degloving injuries as well as severe scar contractures. There were 95 females and 24 males. The mean age of the patients was 37 years and mean size of the flap was 170 $cm^2$. In 20 cases, the flap was vascularized by septocutaneous and in 99 cases by musculocutaneous perforators. Intra-muscular dissection length averaged 3.4 cm. The total length of pedicle averaged 8.4 cm and the average arterial diameter was 0.84 mm. End-to-end arterial anastomosis was performed in 103 cases and end-to-side in 16 cases. Results: Flap survival rate was 98.3%(117/119) and there were 6 cases of partial necrosis. Donor site was closed primarily in 41 cases and skin grafts were applied in 78 cases. Conclusion: The reliability and versatility of ALT flap makes it one of the foremost choices for the reconstruction of complex tissue defects of the upper extremity.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.50-56
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• 2021

Purpose: Fractures are common in the military population, but limited studies have investigated the incidence of fractures among Korean military personnel. Hence, this study aimed to clarify this issue. Methods: Eligible subjects were patients who had sustained a fracture and were registered in the N-DEMIS (the medical records system of participating hospitals) from June 2017 to May 2019. Fractures were categorized according to the fracture site, patients' age, sex, and type of duty. Results: In total, 23,687 patients with 23,981 fractures were included. There were 216 patients with multiple fractures, of whom 156 had fractures at two sites, 42 had fractures at three sites, and 18 had fractures at four sites. Of the 23,687 patients, 23,340 were men and 347 were women. The incidence of fractures in men and women was 12.96 per 1,000 person-years and 0.19 per 1,000 person-years, respectively. In terms of the broad location of fractures, the percentage of fractures was the highest in the hand, followed by the foot and lower leg. When the location of fractures was analyzed more specifically, the percentage of fractures was the highest in the phalanx (thumb and fingers), followed by the ankle and metacarpal bones. Conclusions: Hand, foot, ankle, and wrist fractures were the most commonly encountered fractures in the Korean military population. To prevent the loss of combat power due to non-battle-related injuries, thorough preparation is necessary, including protective equipment and preliminary training for areas with a high frequency of fracture occurrence.

• Clinical Pain
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.127-130
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• 2021

Ultrasound (US)-guided hydrodissection (HD) is a widely applied therapeutic method to release the entrapped peripheral nerve. However, this therapy has only been studied for the nerve entrapments such as carpal tunnel syndrome, and there are no reports of its effect on direct nerve injuries with incomplete axonal damage. Here, we report a case of direct traumatic injury of a median nerve with incomplete axonal injury in a 28-year-old man. He presented hypoesthesia and weakness along with the median nerve territory of the left hand after a laceration wound of the wrist. The patient underwent a surgical procedure, but did not experience prominent improvement for the next six months. Symptoms improved after we performed the US-guided HD with dextrose. We propose this procedure as one of the new treatment methods for direct axonal injury of nerves including the median nerve.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.183-196
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this research was to assess the agreement between job physical risk factor analysis by ergonomists using ergonomic methods and physical examinations made by occupational physicians on the presence of musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremities. Background: Ergonomics is the systematic application of principles concerned with the design of devices and working conditions for enhancing human capabilities and optimizing working and living conditions. Proper ergonomic design is necessary to prevent injuries and physical and emotional stress. The major types of ergonomic injuries and incidents are cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs), acute strains, sprains, and system failures. Minimization of use of excessive force and awkward postures can help to prevent such injuries Method: Initial data were collected as part of a larger study by the University of Utah Ergonomics and Safety program field data collection teams and medical data collection teams from the Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (RMCOEH). Subjects included 173 male and female workers, 83 at Beehive Clothing (a clothing plant), 74 at Autoliv (a plant making air bags for vehicles), and 16 at Deseret Meat (a meat-processing plant). Posture and effort levels were analyzed using a software program developed at the University of Utah (Utah Ergonomic Analysis Tool). The Ergonomic Epicondylitis Model (EEM) was developed to assess the risk of epicondylitis from observable job physical factors. The model considers five job risk factors: (1) intensity of exertion, (2) forearm rotation, (3) wrist posture, (4) elbow compression, and (5) speed of work. Qualitative ratings of these physical factors were determined during video analysis. Personal variables were also investigated to study their relationship with epicondylitis. Logistic regression models were used to determine the association between risk factors and symptoms of epicondyle pain. Results: Results of this study indicate that gender, smoking status, and BMI do have an effect on the risk of epicondylitis but there is not a statistically significant relationship between EEM and epicondylitis. Conclusion: This research studied the relationship between an Ergonomic Epicondylitis Model (EEM) and the occurrence of epicondylitis. The model was not predictive for epicondylitis. However, it is clear that epicondylitis was associated with some individual risk factors such as smoking status, gender, and BMI. Based on the results, future research may discover risk factors that seem to increase the risk of epicondylitis. Application: Although this research used a combination of questionnaire, ergonomic job analysis, and medical job analysis to specifically verify risk factors related to epicondylitis, there are limitations. This research did not have a very large sample size because only 173 subjects were available for this study. Also, it was conducted in only 3 facilities, a plant making air bags for vehicles, a meat-processing plant, and a clothing plant in Utah. If working conditions in other kinds of facilities are considered, results may improve. Therefore, future research should perform analysis with additional subjects in different kinds of facilities. Repetition and duration of a task were not considered as risk factors in this research. These two factors could be associated with epicondylitis so it could be important to include these factors in future research. Psychosocial data and workplace conditions (e.g., low temperature) were also noted during data collection, and could be used to further study the prevalence of epicondylitis. Univariate analysis methods could be used for each variable of EEM. This research was performed using multivariate analysis. Therefore, it was difficult to recognize the different effect of each variable. Basically, the difference between univariate and multivariate analysis is that univariate analysis deals with one predictor variable at a time, whereas multivariate analysis deals with multiple predictor variables combined in a predetermined manner. The univariate analysis could show how each variable is associated with epicondyle pain. This may allow more appropriate weighting factors to be determined and therefore improve the performance of the EEM.

• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.87-91
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• 2004

목적: 인라인 스케이트를 타던 중 발생한 골절상을 분석하여 골절의 분포 및 경향을 파악 하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 2002년 9월부터 2003년 8월까지 1년간 인라인 스케이트를 타다가 골절이 발생하여 입원 가료 하였던 35명의 환자 중 최소 1년 이상 추시가 가능하였던 20명, 20례를 대상으로 환자의 성별, 연령분포, 부위별 빈도, 동반손상, 숙련도별 손상, 손상 유형 등을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 남자가 18명(90$\%$), 여자가 2명(10$\%$)이었고, 연령대별로는 활동성이 강한 연령층인 21$\~$30세 (6명 30$\%$), 31$\~$40세 (6명 30$\%$)의 순이었다. 결과: 상지골절이 12명(60$\%$)로 하지골절 8명(40$\%$)보다 많았다. 손상 부위별 빈도는 족관절부가 7례(35$\%$)로 가장 많았고, 전완부 4례(20$\%$), 수근부 4례(20$\%$), 주관절 3례(15$\%$), 대퇴부 1례(5%$\%$)의 순이었다. 족관절 골절 손상은 Lauge-Hansen 분류 상, 회외 -외회전 형이 4례로 가장 많았으며, 회외-외전 형이 2례, 회내-외회전 형이 1례였고, 전완부 골절손상과 수근부 골절 손상의 경우에는 요골 원위부 골절 3례, 요골-척골 골절 1례, 주상골 골절 2례, 중수골 골절 2례로 넘어질 때 손으로 짚으면서 발생한 골절의 양상이 많았다. 주관절 골절은 2례에서 과상부 골절이었고 1례에서는 외과 골절 이었다. 성장판 손상이 동반된 소아 골절 3례는 모두 Salt-Harris type II 였으며, 보존적 치료를 시행 하였다. 전체 골절 중 6례는 관절 내 골절 이었다. 동반 손상으로는 타박상이 8명 (42.11$\%$)으로 가장 많았고, 숙련도 별로는 인라인 스케이트를 시작한지 3개월 이내의 초보자들이 8명(40$\%$)으로 가장 많았고, 수상 형태로는 넘어짐과 같은 비접촉성 수상이 14명(70$\%$)으로 접촉성 수상(6명 30$\%$)보다 많았다. 11례 (55$\%$)가 수술적 치료를 받았으며, 9례(45$\%$)는 보존적 치료를 받았고, 추시 중에 특별한 합병증은 발생되지 않았다. 결론: 20$\~$30대의 젊은층의 초보자들에서 족관절부의 골절 손상이 가장 많았으므로, 이에 대한 주의가 필요할 것으로 사료된다

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.75-80
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• 1999

The Taekwondo being a martial sports, there are higher chances for the injury to occur than the non martial sports. Therefore, this study analyze the frequency, the area, the type, and the condition of the injury which are prone to occur in the Taekwondo matches; it is to help the Taekwondo players in prevention of the injury and in treatment. The subjects of this study were the 48 players (male 24, female 24) who participated in the final selection contest of the national team player on March 9 to 12, 1993. The data of the injury were obtained from the medical recoder staff and were analyzed to the frequency of the injury per match, the vulnerable area of the injury, the type of injury, and the condition of the injury with a gender difference. There were 24 matches for the male and 24 matches for the female, total 48 matches. Therefore, the total participation number of the players are the double of the match number. 1. The frequency of the injury per match was 18.3%(11/60) for male and 23.1%(12/52) for women. 2. The areas of the injury were ankle 36.4%(4), foot 18.2%(2), knee 18.2%(2), lower leg 18.2%(2), wrist 9.1%(1) in male; foot 33.4%(4), ankle 16.7%(2), knee 16.7%(2), lower back 16.7%(2), lower leg 8.3%(1), face 8.3%(1) in female. 3. The types of the injury were contusion 45.5%(5), sprain 27.3%(3), abrasion 9.1%(1), laceration 9.1%(1), tendon rupture 9.1%(1) in male; contusion 33.3%(4), sprain 33.3%(4), abrasion 16.7%(2), subcutaneous hemorrhage 8.3%(1), dislocation 8.3%(1) in female. 4. The condition of the injury were the unblocked attack 36.4%(4), attacking kick 27.3%(3), blocking a kick 18.2%(2), attacking punch 9.1%, impact with surface 9.1%(1) in male; attacking kick 33.3%(4), unblocked attack 25%(3), blocking a kick 25%(3), attacking punch 8.3%(1), impact with surface 8.3%(1) in female. This study shows that the injury from the Taekwondo matches occurred most in the lower extremity joints and the foot, and shows that the most of the injury types were contusion and sprain. Therefore, it is believed to be helpful to wear the proper fitting ankle or the knee protector and using other protective equipment to prevent the sports injury in the Taekwondo matches.

• International Journal of Ocean System Engineering
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.185-194
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• 2012

A Macroscopic combination of two or more distinct materials is commonly referred to as a "Composite Material", having been designed mechanically and chemically superior in function and characteristic than its individual constituent materials. Composite materials are used not only for aerospace and military, but also heavily used in boat/ship building and general composite industries which we are seeing increasingly more. Regardless of the various applications for composite materials, the industry is still limited and requires better fabrication technology and methodology in order to expand and grow. An example of this is that the majority of fabrication facilities nearby still use an antiquated wet lay-up process where fabrication still requires manual hand labor in a 3D environment impeding productivity of composite product design advancement. As an expert in the advanced composites field, I have developed fabrication skills with the use of machinery based on my past composite experience. In autumn 2011, the Korea government confirmed to fund my project. It is the development of a composite sanding machine. I began development of this semi-robotic prototype beginning in 2009. It has possibilities of replacing or augmenting the exhaustive and difficult jobs performed by human hands, such as sanding, grinding, blasting, and polishing in most often, very awkward conditions, and is also will boost productivity, improve surface quality, cut abrasive costs, eliminate vibration injuries, and protect workers from exposure to dust and airborne contamination. Ease of control and operation of the equipment in or outside of the sanding room is a key benefit to end-users. It will prove to be much more economical than normal robotics and minimize errors that commonly occur in factories. The key components and their technologies are a 360 degree rotational shoulder and a wrist that is controlled under PLC controller and joystick manual mode. Development on both of the key modules is complete and are now operational. The Korean government fund boosted my development and I expect to complete full scale development no later than 3rd quarter 2012. Even with the advantages of composite materials, there is still the need to repair or to maintain composite products with a higher level of technology. I have learned many composite repair skills on composite airframe since many composite fabrication skills including repair, requires training for non aerospace applications. The wind energy market is now requiring much larger blades in order to generate more electrical energy for wind farms. One single blade is commonly 50 meters or longer now. When a wind blade becomes damaged from external forces, on-site repair is required on the columns even under strong wind and freezing temperature conditions. In order to correctly obtain polymerization, the repair must be performed on the damaged area within a very limited time. The use of pre-impregnated glass fabric and heating silicone pad and a hot bonder acting precise heating control are surely required.

• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.163-167
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• 2003

목적: 본 연구는 인 라인 스케이트를 타다가 발생한 다양한 형태의 손상에 대해 기 술하고 그 원인과 예 방 방법을 찾고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 인 라인 스케이트를 타던 중 수상 후 본원 및 인근 병원에 내원하여 치료를 받은 환자 57예를 조사하였다 이 중 남자 37명 , 여 자20명이었으며 평균 연령 은 9세 9개월 (범위 , 6$\~$40세)이었다 수상 부위 및 인 라인 스케이트를 즐겨 타던 장소, 수상 당시 보호 장비의 착용 여부, 그리고 수상 기전 등을 조사하였다. 결과: 수상 형 태로는 골절 50예 슬관절 연골판 파열 1예 , 슬관절 내측 측부 인대 손상 2예 , 좌상 및 염 좌 4예였으며 골절의 부위로는 원위부 요-척골 골절 33예(66$\%$) , 주관절부 골절 5예(10$\%$) , 상완골 간부 골절 3예(6$\%$) 등으로 나타났다. 수상 당시의 장소는 복잡한 아파트 단지 22예 (39$\%$) , 좁은 골목길 19예 (33$\%$) , 공원 16예 (28$\%$)였다 보호장비 착용 여부로는 단 5예에서만 부분적으로 보호장비를 착용하였으며 슬관절 보호대만을 착용한 경우 2예, 슬관절 및 주관절 보호대 1예, 슬관절 , 주관절 및 완관절 보호대 2예였고, 헬멧을 착용한 경우는 없었다 결론: 인 라인 스케이트를 타다가 발생하는 손상을 줄이 기 위해서 는 적절한 보호장비의 착용 및 안전한 장소의 선택이 필요하며 , 인 라인 스케이트를 타는 방법에 대 하여 동호회 등을 통한 지속적 이고 효과적 인 교육이 중요하다고 사료되었다