• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.248-256
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• 2018

Due to increased number of women workers in Indonesia in the last decade, numbers of women living as a worker and a housewife have increased. This also increases the potential risk of breastfeeding discontinuation. Three months of maternal leave policy and inadequate lactation promotion support in workplace have been identified as factors that hinder lactating practices. The World Health Organization recommendation of 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding and joined regulation of three Indonesia ministers (Ministry of Health, Ministry of Labour, and Ministry of Women Empower) have failed to improve the exclusive breastfeeding rate among female workers in Indonesia due to the lack of a standardized guideline on lactation promotion at workplace. In addition, very limited or no studies have been conducted to evaluate the impact of workplace-based lactation intervention programs on exclusive breastfeeding rate among female workers. This is because the relationship of lactation with working performance and productivity could not motivate employer to invest in workplace-based lactation promotion facility or program.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.651-661
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was performed to identify factors affecting the functional status in disabled persons in the Jeiu Province. Method: Data were collected from 318 disabled persons in the Jeiu province during the period from the 6th of July to the 11th of October in 2006. The functional status was assessed by the disability assessment schedule II (Whodas II) of the World Health Organization and collected data were analyzed using the SAS 8.0 program. Result: The mean score of WHODAS II was 29.9. According to the results of multiple regression, factors affecting the functional status were perceived health condition(t=3.44, p<.001), brain disorder disability(t=2.55, p<.001), treatment status(t=-1.95, p=.05), drinking(t=2.09, p=.04), stress(t=-2.72, p=.01), depression(t=-2.70, p=.01). heart disease(t=2.62. p=.01) and anemia(t=2.20, p=.03). Conclusion: The functional status was affected by health behaviors, diseases, and the type of disability. Thus, future efforts to promote the functional status of disabled persons may need to take into account all these factors.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.202-206
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• 2023

Today, social media has become a vital tool. The world communicates and reaches the news and each other's opinions through social media accounts. Recently, considerable research has been done on analyzing social media due to its rich data content. At the same time, since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has afflicted so many around the world, the search for a vaccine has been intense. There have been many studies analyzing people's feelings during a crisis. This study aims to understand people's opinions about available Coronavirus vaccines through a learning model that was developed for this purpose. The dataset was collected using Twitter's streaming Application Programming Interface (API) , then combined with another dataset that had already been collected. The final dataset was cleaned, then analyzed using Python. Polarity and subjectivity functions were used to obtain the results. The results showed that most people had positive opinions toward vaccines in general and toward the Pfizer one. Our study should help governments and decision-makers dispel people's fears and discover new symptoms linked to those listed by the World Health Organization.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.240-248
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• 2005

To implement a globally harmonized system of classification and labeling of chemicals (GHS) in Korea, an interminsterial GHS working group involving 6 ministries established an expert working group composed of 7 experts from relevant organizations and one private consultant to prepare an officialKorean GHS version by March, 2005. As such, the translation and review of the official Korean GHS version, including annexes, started in October, 2004 and was completed on March 15, 2005. The official Korean GHS version has now been posted on the websites of the relevant ministries and organizations to solicit public opinions. The official Korean GHS version will be finalized after a public hearing scheduled forMay, 2005. Collaborative efforts as regards implementing and disseminating the GHS in Korea will be continued to avoid any confusion or duplication and for effective use of resources. The globally harmonized system of classifying and labeling chemicals (GHS) was originally adopted in 1992 at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), as subsequently reflected in Agenda 21 chapter 19. The work was coordinated and managed under the auspices of the Interorganization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals(IOMC) Coordinating Group for the Harmonization of Chemical Classification Systems (UNCEGHS). The technical focal points for completing the work were the International Labour Organization (ILO); Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD); and United Nations Economic and Social Council's Subcommittee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (UNSCETDG). The work was finalized in October 2002, and the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg on 4 September 2002 encouraged countries to implement the new GHS as soon as possible with a view to having the system fully operational by 2008 (UN, 2003). Implementation has already started with pilot countries introducing the system to their national practices in different regions of the world. The GHS text, called the purple book, becameavailable as a W publication in early 2003. The GHS text, called the purple book, becameavailable as a UN publication in early 2003. The GHS system will be kept dynamic, and regularly revised and made more efficient as experience is gained in its implementation. While national or regional governments are the primary audiences for this document, it also contains sufficient context and guidance for those in industry who will ultimately be implementing the national requirements that will be introduced (UN, 2003). The Japanese government published their official Japanese GHS version, the first in Asia, in April 2004 after starting work in January 2003 based on an interministerial chemical coordination committee involving 7 ministries, including the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport, and Ministry of Environment (MOE, 2004). Accordingly, similar to the Japanese GHS efforts, this paper presents the interministerial efforts involved in publishing the official Korean GHS version.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 2018

We evaluated the possible clinical application of Non HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride to HDL-cholesterol ratio as a metabolic syndrome predictor for the elderly in Korea. 1,543 elderly persons aged 65 years or older who visited the health examination center of Gyeonggi Regional General Hospital from January 2015 to December 2017 and had a health checkup were enrolled in this study. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed based on the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) standards. Abdominal obesity was assessed by the Asia-Pacific standards presented at the World Health Organization (WHO) West Pacific Region. Non-HDL-cholesterol was calculated as the difference between total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol. The metabolic syndrome predictive power was higher for triglyceride to HDL-cholesterol ratio than for Non HDL-cholesterol. After correcting for related factors, triglyceride to HDL-cholesterol ratio was higher in the $4^{th}$ quartile, which had a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome, than in the $1^{st}$ quartile. The optimal cutoff value for the triglyceride to HDL-cholesterol ratio that predicts the onset of metabolic syndrome was 2.8. triglyceride to HDL-cholesterol ratio can be a simple and practical indicator of the risk of metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.189-201
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• 1998

The objectives of this study are first to develop the index of school health promoting behaviors, two, to measure those, third, to analysis the relative importance of factors that effect on school health promoting behaviors. School health promotion indexes were composed of 60 components of six areas which modify the element of health promoting schools are developed by world health organization. The survey data were collected by questionnaires from June to September in 1998. The number of subjects was 294 school nurses. The SAS-PC program was used for the statistical analysis. The major results were as follows: 1. The six areas of school health promoting behaviors are: school health politics (20 components), the school physical environment (17 component), the school social environment (7 component), community relationships (6 component), personal health skills (7 component) and health services (3 component). 2. The mean of total school health promotion indexes was highest at elementary school as 3.46. The order of area was health services, the school physical environment, school health politics, the school social environment, personal health skills, community relationships. 3. The regression model used in this analysis presented significant relationships between school health promoting behaviors and independent variables. The important variable affecting the area of school physical environment was education level of school nurses. The important variable affecting the area of the school social environment and personal health services were the location of school, credential education program. Age or career also were significant variables affect the community relationships and health services. In summary, The health promoting behavior of elementary school was higher than other school. It is mean that have to perform active promoting behavior at middle school and high school. Health service level was highest among areas of school health promoting behaviors. It is mean also that school nurse teachers is interested in activity for other areas to improve of school health. Furthermore, it is necessary to develop the specific program for school health promoting behavior.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.152-161
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• 2014

Background: According to the reports of the World Health Organization 20% of world population suffer from pain and 33% of them suffer to some extent that they cannot live independently. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study which was conducted in the emergency department (ED) of Valiasr Hospital of Arak, Iran, in order to determine the causes of delay in prescription of analgesics and to construct a model for prediction of circumstances that aggravate oligoanalgesia. Data were collected during a period of 7 days. Results: Totally, 952 patients participated in this study. In order to reduce their pain intensity, 392 patients (42%) were treated. Physicians and nurses recorded the intensity of pain for 66.3% and 41.37% of patients, respectively. The mean (SD) of pain intensity according to visual analogue scale (VAS) was 8.7 (1.5) which reached to 4.4 (2.3) thirty minutes after analgesics prescription. Median and mean (SD) of delay time in injection of analgesics after the physician's order were 60.0 and 45.6 (63.35) minutes, respectively. The linear regression model suggested that when the attending physician was male or intern and patient was from rural areas the delay was longer. Conclusions: We propose further studies about analgesics administration based on medical guidelines in the shortest possible time and also to train physicians and nurses about pain assessment methods and analgesic prescription.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.286-295
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• 2022

Purpose: Based on the World Health Organization framework on reproductive health, this descriptive correlational study investigated the factors affecting reproductive health-promoting behaviors of married women, with a focus on family values and reproductive health knowledge. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 170 married women between the ages of 25 and 49 years living in Daegu, Korea. The general and reproductive health characteristics, family values, and reproductive health knowledge of married women were identified, as well as factors affecting reproductive health-promoting behaviors. A questionnaire survey was administered to investigate the impact of various factors on reproductive health-promoting behaviors. Results: Positive correlations were shown for family values (r=.78, p<.001) and reproductive health knowledge (r=.55, p<.001). Family values (β=.35, p<.001) and reproductive health knowledge (β=.24, p<.001) were identified as factors influencing reproductive health-promoting behaviors. According to the regression model, the explanatory power of factors affecting reproductive health-promoting behaviors among married women was 51.2%. Conclusion: A history of reproductive diseases, family values, and reproductive health knowledge were identified as factors influencing reproductive health-promoting behaviors. These results will provide basic data for the development of a reproductive health-promoting program, including a positive approach to reproductive health among married women, and will serve as a basis for further research on intervention strategies.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.107-119
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to extract international classification of functioning, disability, and health (ICF) core sets for measuring functional status in acute stroke patients, and to evaluate clinical applicability of the core sets. Methods: A set of 22 ICF items on functional status in acute stroke patients were extracted from the Korean general ICF core sets and ICF core sets for stroke patients. The extracted ICF functional items were assessed at the time of admission and discharge among 100 stroke patients who were admitted in a university hospital. Results: Comparing to functional status at admission of acute stroke patients, the overall functional status at discharge was improved. However, functions on defecation, skin protection, and relationship with immediate family at the time of discharge were not significantly changed. Conclusion: The set of ICF functional items identified in this study may be reliable and valid to assess acute stoke patients' body functions, activities and participation and environmental factors in the holistic and comprehensive nursing context. Nursing interventions on bowel elimination and skin protection for acute stroke patients need to be developed.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.317-338
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• 2011

The World Health Organization (WHO) tries to accomplish the goal of 'smoke free society', and developed countries regard the nicotine as an addictive drug. In order to better protect human health, all parties are required to adopt and implement effective legislative, executive, administrative or other measures for tobacco control in accordance with Article 4 the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). In order to achieve the objective of the FCTC and its protocols and to implement its provisions, Korea need to take an attention on the U.S. Family Smoking Prevention And Tobacco Control Act of 2009 and Final Rule. It is need to integrate and centralize of tobacco safety administration and smoking prevention for the national health promotion.