• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권sup1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2016

The aim of this paper is to report the rate of current and ever cigarette smoking and explore correlates of current cigarette smoking among adolescents aged 13-15 in Viet Nam. This analysis was derived from GYTS survey, which comprised of 3,430 adolescents aged 13-15, conducted in 2014 in 13 cities and provinces of Viet Nam. We calculated the weighted rates of current and ever cigarette smoking and reported patterns of smoking behavior. We also performed logistic regression to explore correlates of current cigarette smoking behavior. The weighted rate of ever cigarette smoking was 9.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 8.5 %-10.5%), in which the weighted rate among males (15.4%; 95% CI: 13.6%-17.0%) was higher than that among females (4.2%; 95% CI: 3.3%-5.1%). The weighted rate of current cigarette smoking was relatively low at 2.5% (95%CI: 2.0%-3.0%) with higher weighted rate among males (4.9%; 95% CI: 3.8%-5.9%) compared to the corresponding figure among females (0.2%; 95% CI: 0.0 %-0.5%). Current cigarette smoking was significantly higher among males than females, in students aged 15 versus 13 years old, and in students who had several or all close friends smoking and students with daily observation of smoking at school. For greater smoking reduction outcomes, we recommend that tobacco interventions for adolescents should consider targeting more male students at older ages, establish stricter adherence to school-based banning of cigarette smoking, engage both smoking and nonsmoking adolescents and empower adolescents to resist peer smoking influence as well as changing their norms or beliefs towards smoking benefits.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.202-213
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• 2017

Objectives: HRA (Health Risk Assessment) is an important tool for measuring the health impacts of air pollution. HRA is already being used widely as an important reference for crafting air pollution policies. However, the absence of a domestic CRF (Concentration Response Function) standard, which is a main component for HRA, could cause confusion amongst policy-makers. The purpose of this study is to tabulate a domestic CRF standard for a PM (Particulate Matter)-related HRA. Methods: This study suggested a domestic CRF standard for HRA thorough a literature review. The literature review for meta-analysis was limited to the English language for epidemiological studies published from January 1980 to March 2016. This meta-analysis was conducted by assuming both fixed- and random-effects of CRF. In addition, studies that reported HRA of air pollution for WHO (World Health Organization), the EC (European Commission), and the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) were reviewed to compare the CRFs of South Korea to the recommended CRFs of WHO, the EC, or the EPA. Additionally, a domestic CRF standard was supplemented by these. Results: Nineteen studies were selected for the CRF for South Korea. Fifty-three CRFs were derived for meta-analysis. CRFs with a standard for PM-related HRA were divided according to the following four criteria: air pollution, exposure characteristics, type of health impact, and age group. Finally, a domestic CRF standard was created comprised of 21 CRFs. Among these, six CRFs were derived from the results of foreign HRA studies. Conclusions: This study is important in that a domestic CRF standard is first suggested. In addition, this study suggests a further area of study for using HRA as a policy tool and a direction of epidemiological study.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.5-24
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• 2023

Purpose: The objective of this review was to identify the research trends in Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-based health-related intervention studies for children and adolescents published in South Korea over the past 10 years. Methods: A scoping review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) and the system classification framework for digital health intervention 1.0 of the World Health Organization (WHO) was applied to analyze how technology was being used to support the needs of the health system. Results: A total of 18 studies were included in the final analysis. The participants were mainly children with a variety of diseases. No studies had used innovative technology platforms such as artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and robotics. In addition, the scope of application of the WHO classification criteria was quite limited. Finally, no intervention study considered technical operational indicators, such as the number of website visits and streaming as outcome measurements. Conclusions: Researchers should introduce advanced technology-based strategies to provide customized and professional healthcare services to children and adolescents in South Korea and continue efforts to integrate innovative ICT for various research purposes, subjects, and environments.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-29
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• 1986

음용수는 인체 생리기능상 필수불가결한 요소이다. 하루 평균 2릿터식 음용하는 이외 식품이나 음료수로 평생동안 섭취하는 양까지 고려하고 또한 현대생활의 대도시권 급수규모를 보면 보건상 막대한 혜택과 바람직하지 않은 영향을 줄 수 있는 가능성을 띠고 있다. WHO는 국제음용수질기준을 1984년 개정하여 각국이 지역사정을 감안한 자국의 기준을 설정$\cdot$개발하는데 기초로 삼도록 각종물질과 항목별로 최대허용치를 건의하고 있다. 선진국인 미국, 카나다 등은 WHO의 이런 기준과는 별도의 독자적인 기준을 적용하고 있어 이들의 제정배경과 과학적 근거를 재조명하여 앞으로 방향설정에 참고하자는 것이다. 음용수질은 당해지역의 지질$\cdot$기후$\cdot$생태계 등 자연조건과 산업$\cdot$농업$\cdot$목축업$\cdot$광업등, 인위적인 활동, 그리고 처리기술과 밀접한 관계가 있다. 유기화학물질은 지표$\cdot$지하수에 급증되고 있고 그 극미양물질의 측정은 고도의 기술을 요하며 기중 일부는 보건상 극히 유해한 물질로 알려져 경각심을 불러일으킨다. 염소소독법은 금세기 최적의 음용수 살균$\cdot$소독제로 활용되어 왔음에도 자연의 유기물질과 작용하여 발암성인 trihalomethane(주로 Chloroform)을 생성한다 해서 논란의 대상이 되고 있으며 연수는 경수에 비해 순환기계질환의 사망률이 증가된다는 연구보고가 있고 상수관의 부식으로 음용자의 혈중 납 농도가 증가되었다는 지적도 있다. WHO와 이들 선진국간에는 규제항목수나 허용치에 있어 상이한 점이 있으므로 국별환경상태$\cdot$경제조건은 차치하고라도 과학적인 자료와 연구진척에 큰 관심을 쏟게 된다. 다만, 선진국마저 구명하지 못하였거나 미진한 일부물질의 허용치, 보다 편의한 측정 법, 그리고 경제적인 처리기법 등 신뢰성이 높은 근거를 마련해 줄 것이 요구된다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.476-485
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• 2017

본 연구는 2002년에서 2013년까지 국민건강보험공단 건강검진을 받은 대상자 자료를 통해 세계비만연맹 아시아-태평양지회(WHO-WPRO)에서 정한 체질량지수(Body Mess Index, BMI)을 기준으로 총 6개의 분류(저체중, 정상, 과체중, 비만, 고도비만, 초고도비만)로 구분하여 비만의 실태를 분석하였고 그 과정에 발생하는 이상치의 문제점들을 함께 해결하여 정확한 결과를 제시하고자 하였다. 본 연구 결과에서 제시하는 중앙값 반복 보간법은 선형 보간법이나 라그랑주 보간법에서 발생하는 다중 이상치 생성 시 잘못된 결과들이 보간되는 문제를 해결할 수 있는 유용한 방법으로 평가되었고, 이를 통해 최종 생성된 자료의 연간 비만지수변화를 확인한 결과 극단적인 저체중과 비만체중이 점차 증가하고 정상체중의 빈도가 점차 줄어드는 특징을 확인하였다. 특히 여성보다는 남성이 그리고 저 연령층에서 비만의 증가추세가 급증하고 있는 상태로 분석되었다. 전체적으로 본 연구 결과를 통해 비만으로 발생하는 건강문제가 또 다른 사회적 문제로 확산되기 전에 국가적인 조치가 필요한 것을 시사하고 있다.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.107-119
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to extract international classification of functioning, disability, and health (ICF) core sets for measuring functional status in acute stroke patients, and to evaluate clinical applicability of the core sets. Methods: A set of 22 ICF items on functional status in acute stroke patients were extracted from the Korean general ICF core sets and ICF core sets for stroke patients. The extracted ICF functional items were assessed at the time of admission and discharge among 100 stroke patients who were admitted in a university hospital. Results: Comparing to functional status at admission of acute stroke patients, the overall functional status at discharge was improved. However, functions on defecation, skin protection, and relationship with immediate family at the time of discharge were not significantly changed. Conclusion: The set of ICF functional items identified in this study may be reliable and valid to assess acute stoke patients' body functions, activities and participation and environmental factors in the holistic and comprehensive nursing context. Nursing interventions on bowel elimination and skin protection for acute stroke patients need to be developed.

• 의료법학
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.317-338
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• 2011

The World Health Organization (WHO) tries to accomplish the goal of 'smoke free society', and developed countries regard the nicotine as an addictive drug. In order to better protect human health, all parties are required to adopt and implement effective legislative, executive, administrative or other measures for tobacco control in accordance with Article 4 the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). In order to achieve the objective of the FCTC and its protocols and to implement its provisions, Korea need to take an attention on the U.S. Family Smoking Prevention And Tobacco Control Act of 2009 and Final Rule. It is need to integrate and centralize of tobacco safety administration and smoking prevention for the national health promotion.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.125-137
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• 2020

Objectives: This study was aimed to present the experts' opinions for the successful application of Korean traditional medical practices (KTMPs) to the International Classification of Health Intervention (ICHI). Methods: Two doctors of Korean Medicine and two health information managers who had tried coding 131 KTMPs using ICHI participated in the focus group discussion. The remarks from the discussion were summarized according to the thematic analysis method. Results: The participants expected ICHI to be mainly used for statistics when applied to TKMPs. It can be used for payment systems as well, but it was expected that additional work would be required. They thought the current version of the ICHI did not sufficiently reflect the KMTPs of the real world, and even the interventions already included in the ICHI were not explained enough in the system. They thought it would not be easy to explain more KTMPs within the current structure of the ICHI, but they also said it seemed possible. In the process, rather than adding entirely new stem codes, it would be better to generate new combinations of the existing codes, to suppose subdivided codes, and to utilize the include terms or extension codes. Conclusions: For the successful introduction of ICHI, clarifying the definition of each intervention of KTMPs is a top priority. In addition, it is necessary to continue the matching work of ICHI - KMPTs and also required to make this effort together with the field of traditional medicine and complementary medicine worldwide.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2021

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of common chronic diseases leading to severe health complications that may cause death. The disease influences individuals, community, and the government due to the continuous monitoring, lifelong commitment, and the cost of treatment. The World Health Organization (WHO) considers Saudi Arabia as one of the top 10 countries in diabetes prevalence across the world. Since most of the medical services are provided by the government, the cost of the treatment in terms of hospitals and clinical visits and lab tests represents a real burden due to the large scale of the disease. The ability to predict the diabetic status of a patient without the laboratory tests by performing screening based on some personal features can lessen the health and economic burden caused by diabetes alone. The goal of this paper is to investigate the prediction of diabetic and prediabetic patients by considering factors other than the laboratory tests, as required by physicians in general. With the data obtained from local hospitals, medical records were processed to obtain a dataset that classified patients into three classes: diabetic, prediabetic, and non-diabetic. After applying three machine learning algorithms, we established good performance for accuracy, precision, and recall of the models on the dataset. Further analysis was performed on the data to identify important non-laboratory variables related to the patients for diabetes classification. The importance of five variables (gender, physical activity level, hypertension, BMI, and age) from the person's basic health data were investigated to find their contribution to the state of a patient being diabetic, prediabetic or normal. Our analysis presented great agreement with the risk factors of diabetes and prediabetes stated by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and other health institutions worldwide. We conclude that by performing class-specific analysis of the disease, important factors specific to Saudi population can be identified, whose management can result in controlling the disease. We also provide some recommendations learnt from this research.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.370-396
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• 2024

COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 30 January 2020. The lifestyle of people all over the world has changed since. In most cases, the pandemic has appeared to create severe mental disorders, anxieties, and depression among people. Mostly, the researchers have been conducting surveys to identify the impacts of the pandemic on the mental health of people. Despite the better quality, tailored, and more specific data that can be generated by surveys,social media offers great insights into revealing the impact of the pandemic on mental health. Since people feel connected on social media, thus, this study aims to get the people's sentiments about the pandemic related to mental issues. Word Cloud was used to visualize and identify the most frequent keywords related to COVID-19 and mental health disorders. This study employs Majority Voting Ensemble (MVE) classification and individual classifiers such as Naïve Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Logistic Regression (LR) to classify the sentiment through tweets. The tweets were classified into either positive, neutral, or negative using the Valence Aware Dictionary or sEntiment Reasoner (VADER). Confusion matrix and classification reports bestow the precision, recall, and F1-score in identifying the best algorithm for classifying the sentiments.