• 제목/요약/키워드: Workers in Clothing Design

검색결과 78건 처리시간 0.024초

Development and Ergonomic Evaluation of Spring and Autumn Working Clothes for Livestock Farming Workers

  • Kim, Insoo;Lee, Kyung-Suk;Seo, Min-Tea;Chae, Hye-Seon;Kim, Kyung-Su;Choi, Dong-Phil;Kim, Hyo-Cher
    • 대한인간공학회지
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    • 제35권5호
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    • pp.343-359
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    • 2016
  • Objective:In this study, we designed working clothes for livestock farmers to wear in spring and autumn to improve their work efficiency, conducted a physiological test on their performance, and evaluated their comfort. Background: In recent years, livestock farming in Korea has expanded, yet farmers' safety and sanitation levels remain low in hazardous environments that include organic dust, toxic gas, and heat stress, as well as the risk of accidents. Furthermore, most livestock farmers wear ordinary or dust-resistant clothes that are unsuitable for rearing livestock and compromise their safety and health. Thus, it is important to design specialized working clothes for livestock farmers that are comfortable and that minimize their health and safety risks. Method: To this end, we examined the literature on livestock (poultry, swine, and cattle) farmers' safety and sanitation issues, designed appropriate working clothes, and tested them in terms of sensory feel, physiological response, and subjective comfort. Results: The respondents expressed satisfaction with the new working clothes. The results of a physiological test showed a decline in temperature and humidity inside the clothes, a lower pulse rate, and a lower oxygen intake compared to the measurements taken when famers wore their previous working clothes. This indicates a fall in heat stress and fatigue, which was mostly consistent with the results of the assessment of subjective comfort. Conclusion: The results of the analysis show an improvement in the comfort of the new working clothes compared to the dust-resistant clothes that are widely worn. Based on this study, the new working clothes need to be further tested and evaluated to improve the design. Application: This study is expected to contribute to designing better working clothes for livestock farmers.

융합 차폐시트를 이용한 선량 맞춤형 에이프런 마이크로 기능성 디자인 (Dose Customized Apron Micro Functional Design Using Convergence Shielding Sheet)

  • 김선칠
    • 한국융합학회논문지
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    • 제12권11호
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    • pp.119-126
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    • 2021
  • 본 의료기관에서 사용되는 방사선 차폐복은 납당량 0.25 mmPb를 기준으로 제시하고 있다. 그러나 신체 각 부위별 감수성을 고려하고 사용자의 활동성을 보장할 수 있는 동시에 정밀한 방어가 가능한 차폐복 제작에 대해 연구하고자 한다. 친환경 차폐 재료를 기반으로 제작하여 기존 납 Apron의 중량 문제와 환경 문제를 해결하는 동시에 두께로 납당량과 동일한 차폐성능을 제시하고자 하였다. 제작된 차폐시트의 원단은 납당량 0.12 mmPb부터 0.32 mmPb까지 차폐시트의 두께로 조절하는 카렌더 공정을 통해 제작하였다. 각 신체 부위별 감수성을 고려한 차폐복을 제작하여 의료기관에서 상시 착용하고 있는 대상자를 통해 사용성평가를 실시하였다. 차폐복을 착용한 후 활동성이 좀 더 증가하였다는 의견이 많았으며, 무게는 0.26kg을 줄였다. 향후에는 의료기관의 종사자의 활동성을 고려한 차폐복 디자인 개선 노력이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

안전사고 예방을 위한 센서 기술 기반 안전화 인식 시스템 설계 및 구현 (Design and Implementation of a Sensor Technology-based Safety Shoe Recognition System to Prevent Safety Accidents)

  • 오경진;박정민;곽광진
    • 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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    • 제23권6호
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    • pp.163-170
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    • 2023
  • 중대재해 처벌 등에 관한 법률의 등장으로 사업주와 경영책임자 및 법인 등은 산업현장에서 안전사고를 예방하기 위해 안전관리자를 대폭 늘리고, ISO 취득 등 많은 투자와 노력을 하고 있다. 또한 SSMS(Smart Safety Management System)을 도입하여, 인원의 관리 및 안전보호구의 관리 또한 진행되고 있다. 작업자의 생명을 보호하는 안전보호구에서 안전모, 안전고리, 안전복에는 IoT 기반의 관리 시스템이 적용되고 있지만 안전화의 경우 현장 관리자와 개인에게 맡겨지고 있고 여전히 안전사고에 취약한 상황이다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 현장 출입 시 작업자의 안전화 또한 착용 여부를 사전에 파악할 수 있도록 Raspberry PI 기반의 Sensor 인식 장비를 구현해 착용 여부를 확인하고 안전화 미착용으로 발생될 수 있는 사고를 예방하는 것을 목표로 한다.

아기 띠 종류에 따른 압력분포와 근활성도, 주관적 착용감 평가 (Evaluation of Pressure Distribution, Muscle Activity, and Subjective Comfort according to the Baby Carrier Type)

  • 이희란;홍경화
    • 패션비즈니스
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    • 제21권4호
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    • pp.105-115
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    • 2017
  • Continuous lifting and carrying of babies constitutes a serious physical burden, leading to issues such as muscle fatigue and pain in child-care workers. However, there is a lack of research on the pressure and subjective comfort of baby carriers that are commercially available in the market. Therefore, this study was intended to determine the most comfortable and least burdensome type of baby carrier. This was done by analyzing muscle activity and pressure when subjects carried babies using three types of baby carriers. The types of baby carriers evaluated included a 'baby carrier of thin shoulder straps without back support band (X-type)', a 'baby carrier with a back-support band and without a hip sheet (H-type)', and a 'baby carrier with back support band and hip support (H-hip type). The subjective comfort of subjects wearing each type of baby carrier was investigated and compared to the objectively measured data. As a result, the X-type baby carrier showed the heaviest pressure on the shoulders and the subjective comfort was found to not be good. On the waist region, the H-type and H-hip type baby carriers showed significantly less muscle activation than the X-type baby carrier. However, subjects showed a stronger preference for the X-type baby carrier on the waist region, despite greater muscle activation. This appears to be because although the back-support band disperses the weight and thus improves physiological comfort; the wearers feel cramped and thus, lower their psychological comfort.

A Study on Relationship between Physical Elements and Tennis/Golf Elbow

  • Choi, Jungmin;Park, Jungwoo;Kim, Hyunseung
    • 대한인간공학회지
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    • 제36권3호
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    • pp.183-196
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    • 2017
  • Objective: The purpose of this research was to assess the agreement between job physical risk factor analysis by ergonomists using ergonomic methods and physical examinations made by occupational physicians on the presence of musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremities. Background: Ergonomics is the systematic application of principles concerned with the design of devices and working conditions for enhancing human capabilities and optimizing working and living conditions. Proper ergonomic design is necessary to prevent injuries and physical and emotional stress. The major types of ergonomic injuries and incidents are cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs), acute strains, sprains, and system failures. Minimization of use of excessive force and awkward postures can help to prevent such injuries Method: Initial data were collected as part of a larger study by the University of Utah Ergonomics and Safety program field data collection teams and medical data collection teams from the Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (RMCOEH). Subjects included 173 male and female workers, 83 at Beehive Clothing (a clothing plant), 74 at Autoliv (a plant making air bags for vehicles), and 16 at Deseret Meat (a meat-processing plant). Posture and effort levels were analyzed using a software program developed at the University of Utah (Utah Ergonomic Analysis Tool). The Ergonomic Epicondylitis Model (EEM) was developed to assess the risk of epicondylitis from observable job physical factors. The model considers five job risk factors: (1) intensity of exertion, (2) forearm rotation, (3) wrist posture, (4) elbow compression, and (5) speed of work. Qualitative ratings of these physical factors were determined during video analysis. Personal variables were also investigated to study their relationship with epicondylitis. Logistic regression models were used to determine the association between risk factors and symptoms of epicondyle pain. Results: Results of this study indicate that gender, smoking status, and BMI do have an effect on the risk of epicondylitis but there is not a statistically significant relationship between EEM and epicondylitis. Conclusion: This research studied the relationship between an Ergonomic Epicondylitis Model (EEM) and the occurrence of epicondylitis. The model was not predictive for epicondylitis. However, it is clear that epicondylitis was associated with some individual risk factors such as smoking status, gender, and BMI. Based on the results, future research may discover risk factors that seem to increase the risk of epicondylitis. Application: Although this research used a combination of questionnaire, ergonomic job analysis, and medical job analysis to specifically verify risk factors related to epicondylitis, there are limitations. This research did not have a very large sample size because only 173 subjects were available for this study. Also, it was conducted in only 3 facilities, a plant making air bags for vehicles, a meat-processing plant, and a clothing plant in Utah. If working conditions in other kinds of facilities are considered, results may improve. Therefore, future research should perform analysis with additional subjects in different kinds of facilities. Repetition and duration of a task were not considered as risk factors in this research. These two factors could be associated with epicondylitis so it could be important to include these factors in future research. Psychosocial data and workplace conditions (e.g., low temperature) were also noted during data collection, and could be used to further study the prevalence of epicondylitis. Univariate analysis methods could be used for each variable of EEM. This research was performed using multivariate analysis. Therefore, it was difficult to recognize the different effect of each variable. Basically, the difference between univariate and multivariate analysis is that univariate analysis deals with one predictor variable at a time, whereas multivariate analysis deals with multiple predictor variables combined in a predetermined manner. The univariate analysis could show how each variable is associated with epicondyle pain. This may allow more appropriate weighting factors to be determined and therefore improve the performance of the EEM.

화학사고·테러를 가정한 훈련 시나리오 설계를 위한 현장 대원의 활동성 분석과 훈련방안에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Activity and Training Plan of a Field Crew for the Design of Training Scenarios Assuming Chemical Accidents and Terrorism)

  • 김시국;최수길;홍성철
    • 한국화재소방학회논문지
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    • 제34권2호
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    • pp.72-85
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    • 2020
  • 본 논문은 화학사고를 가정한 모의훈련 시나리오 설계 및 반복 훈련을 통한 구조대원의 활동성 분석에 관한 연구이다. 화학사고 및 테러에 의한 실내 현장의 복잡성을 기반으로 대응능력을 극대화하기 위해 2인 1조로 진행하는 12단계의 모의훈련 시나리오를 설계하여 소방대원의 역량 향상을 분석하였다. 모의훈련 시나리오에 따른 활동성 측정결과 최대심박수가 가장 큰 폭으로 하락하는 훈련은 2단계 구간으로 N1은 163 bpm에서 153 bpm, N2는 186 bpm에서 151 bpm, N3는 168 bpm에서 162 bpm, N4는 166 bpm에서 152 bpm으로 감소되는 것으로 나타났다. 허용활동시간의 강도 Level의 경우, 2단계에서 N1은 Level 5에서 Level 3로 감소, N2는 Level 5에서 Level 3로 감소, N3는 Level 4를 유지, N4는 Level 4에서 Level 3로 감소되어 최대허용활동시간이 늘어나는 것으로 나타났다.

Wearable Computers

  • Cho, Gil-Soo;Barfield, Woodrow;Baird, Kevin
    • 섬유기술과 산업
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    • 제2권4호
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    • pp.490-508
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    • 1998
  • One of the latest fields of research in the area of output devices is tactual display devices [13,31]. These tactual or haptic devices allow the user to receive haptic feedback output from a variety of sources. This allows the user to actually feel virtual objects and manipulate them by touch. This is an emerging technology and will be instrumental in enhancing the realism of wearable augmented environments for certain applications. Tactual displays have previously been used for scientific visualization in virtual environments by chemists and engineers to improve perception and understanding of force fields and of world models populated with the impenetrable. In addition to tactual displays, the use of wearable audio displays that allow sound to be spatialized are being developed. With wearable computers, designers will soon be able to pair spatialized sound to virtual representations of objects when appropriate to make the wearable computer experience even more realistic to the user. Furthermore, as the number and complexity of wearable computing applications continues to grow, there will be increasing needs for systems that are faster, lighter, and have higher resolution displays. Better networking technology will also need to be developed to allow all users of wearable computers to have high bandwidth connections for real time information gathering and collaboration. In addition to the technology advances that make users need to wear computers in everyday life, there is also the desire to have users want to wear their computers. In order to do this, wearable computing needs to be unobtrusive and socially acceptable. By making wearables smaller and lighter, or actually embedding them in clothing, users can conceal them easily and wear them comfortably. The military is currently working on the development of the Personal Information Carrier (PIC) or digital dog tag. The PIC is a small electronic storage device containing medical information about the wearer. While old military dog tags contained only 5 lines of information, the digital tags may contain volumes of multi-media information including medical history, X-rays, and cardiograms. Using hand held devices in the field, medics would be able to call this information up in real time for better treatment. A fully functional transmittable device is still years off, but this technology once developed in the military, could be adapted tp civilian users and provide ant information, medical or otherwise, in a portable, not obstructive, and fashionable way. Another future device that could increase safety and well being of its users is the nose on-a-chip developed by the Oak Ridge National Lab in Tennessee. This tiny digital silicon chip about the size of a dime, is capable of 'smelling' natural gas leaks in stoves, heaters, and other appliances. It can also detect dangerous levels of carbon monoxide. This device can also be configured to notify the fire department when a leak is detected. This nose chip should be commercially available within 2 years, and is inexpensive, requires low power, and is very sensitive. Along with gas detection capabilities, this device may someday also be configured to detect smoke and other harmful gases. By embedding this chip into workers uniforms, name tags, etc., this could be a lifesaving computational accessory. In addition to the future safety technology soon to be available as accessories are devices that are for entertainment and security. The LCI computer group is developing a Smartpen, that electronically verifies a user's signature. With the increase in credit card use and the rise in forgeries, is the need for commercial industries to constantly verify signatures. This Smartpen writes like a normal pen but uses sensors to detect the motion of the pen as the user signs their name to authenticate the signature. This computational accessory should be available in 1999, and would bring increased peace of mind to consumers and vendors alike. In the entertainment domain, Panasonic is creating the first portable hand-held DVD player. This device weight less than 3 pounds and has a screen about 6' across. The color LCD has the same 16:9 aspect ratio of a cinema screen and supports a high resolution of 280,000 pixels and stereo sound. The player can play standard DVD movies and has a hour battery life for mobile use. To summarize, in this paper we presented concepts related to the design and use of wearable computers with extensions to smart spaces. For some time, researchers in telerobotics have used computer graphics to enhance remote scenes. Recent advances in augmented reality displays make it possible to enhance the user's local environment with 'information'. As shown in this paper, there are many application areas for this technology such as medicine, manufacturing, training, and recreation. Wearable computers allow a much closer association of information with the user. By embedding sensors in the wearable to allow it to see what the user sees, hear what the user hears, sense the user's physical state, and analyze what the user is typing, an intelligent agent may be able to analyze what the user is doing and try to predict the resources he will need next or in the near future. Using this information, the agent may download files, reserve communications bandwidth, post reminders, or automatically send updates to colleagues to help facilitate the user's daily interactions. This intelligent wearable computer would be able to act as a personal assistant, who is always around, knows the user's personal preferences and tastes, and tries to streamline interactions with the rest of the world.

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이중 구조의 X선 차폐시트 설계를 위한 FLUKA 수송코드의 신뢰성 검증 (Reliability Verification of FLUKA Transport Code for Double Layered X-ray Protective Sheet Design)

  • 강상식;허승욱;최일홍;전제훈;양승우;김교태;허예지;박지군
    • 한국방사선학회논문지
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    • 제11권7호
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    • pp.547-553
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    • 2017
  • 현재 의료분야에서는 방사선 차폐체로서 납(Pb)이 널리 쓰이고 있다. 하지만 납은 무게가 매우 무거워 납치마 등의 방호복은 장시간 착용이 어려우며, 인체에 치명적인 납 중독의 위험이 상시 가지고 있다는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하고자 납을 대체 할 수 있는 물질에 대한 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 현재 납의 대체물질로써 대표적인 바륨(Ba)과 요오드(I) 등은 우수한 차폐능을 가지고 있지만, 30keV 근처의 에너지 영역에서 특성 X선을 방출하는 특성을 가지고 있다. 환자나 방사선 종사자의 경우 차폐체를 인체에 접촉하고 있는 경우가 많으므로 차폐체에서 발생되는 특성 X선이 인체에 직접 조사되어 방사선 피폭을 증가시킬 위험이 매우 높다. 본 연구에서는 바륨(Ba)과 요오드(I)등에서 발생되는 특성 X선을 제거하기에 적절한 이중구조 차폐체를 방사선 수송코드 중 하나인 FLUKA 수송코드를 개발하여 선행연구로서 진행된 MCNPX 시뮬레이션과 비교 분석하여 이중구조 차폐체의 차폐율에 대한 신뢰성을 검증하고자 하였다. MCNPX와 FLUKA를 이용하여 황산바륨($BaSO_4$)과 산화비스무스($Bi_2O_3$)로 이루어진 다양한 두께조합의 이중구조 차폐체를 설계하였으며, IEC61331-1에 제시된 모식도를 기하학적으로 동일하게 시뮬레이션 상에 구현하였다. 또한, 120 kVp의 연속 X선 스펙트럼에 대한 차폐체의 투과스펙트럼과 흡수선량을 납과 비교 평가하였다. 평가결과, $0.3mm-BaSO_4/0.3mm-Bi_2O_3$$0.1mm-BaSO_4/0.5mm-Bi_2O_3$ 구조에서는 33 keV와 37 keV의 특성 X선을 모두 흡수하였으며, 90 keV 이상의 고에너지 X선에 대해서도 납과 거의 유사한 차폐효율을 보였다. 또한, FLUKA의 수송코드는 33 keV 이하에서는 cut-off 가 발생하여 저에너지 X선 광자에 대한 전산모사에 제약이 있지만, 40 keV 이상의 고에너지 영역에서 MCNPX와의 상대오차가 6 % 이내로 신뢰성이 매우 우수하다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.