• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.50-60
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• 2020

Fungi are wood-decaying organisms, and this is an important trait that should be considered in wood utilization. When fungi attack wood, it decreases the quality of the wood. The use of metal screws has become an important part of woodworking. The ability of fungi to decay wood and damage metal screws that are embedded into wood is varied. In this study, eight fungal species were evaluated with respect to their ability to decay Parashorea smythiesii and P. tomentella wood. In addition, the effect of fungi on corroding metal screws was determined using the Kolle flask method. The evaluation showed that the fungal species Schizophyllum commune, Pycnoporus sanguineus, and Polyporus arcularius were highly capable of decaying Parashorea spp. woods. The greatest wood weight loss occurred with the heartwood of P. tomentella exposed to S. commune. Based on the classification of wood resistance against fungal attack, the two Parashorea spp. were classified as moderately resistant woods (class III). Schizophyllum commune was classified as highly capable of decaying wood that was embedded with metal screws and was highly capable of corroding metal screws placed in fungi-culture media. The greatest weight of rust powder formed because of screw corrosion was obtained from screw-embedded wood exposed to S. commune. Additionally, the most severe corrosion of metal screws that were embedded into woods was caused by the activities of P. arcularius. Moreover, the average weight loss of screw-embedded wood was greater than that of unscrewed wood.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.315-325
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• 2020

Boron compound had many advantages as wood preservative, but it was prone to leaching. Improving boron preservation was required to extend the service life of fast growing and low durability red jabon (Antochephalus macrophyllus) hardwood. This study aimed to evaluate the dimensional stability, color change and durability of modified red jabon wood by double impregnation with boron and methyl methacrylate (MMA) and heat treatment. Impregnation I used boric acid or borax, and impregnation II used MMA, while heat treatment used temperatures of 90 ℃ or 180 ℃ for 4 hours. The dimensional stability, leachability, water absorption, color change and decay resistance of modified red jabon wood were tested. The results showed that MMA impregnation increased the dimensional stability of red jabon wood, while the leaching and water absorption in the wood significantly reduced. Heating at 180 ℃ caused less water absorption and higher dimensional stability of the wood than that of heating at 90 ℃. Impregnation with boric acid and MMA followed by heating at 90 ℃ resulted in the highest wood ASE, 89.9%. The color change (∆E^*) of wood increased significantly after MMA impregnation and heating at 180 ℃. Boric acid impregnation caused more resistant wood than borax impregnation against decay fungi and termites. Impregnation with boric acid and MMA followed with heating at 180 ℃ increased significantly the wood resistance against decay fungi and termites.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2004

본 실험은 건조되지 않은 목재를 고온의 아마인유에 침지처리함으로써 목재건조와 동시에 발수효과를 얻고자 실시하였다.함수율 90% 이상의 소나무생재를 온도 150℃의 아마인유에서 6시간 침지처리하였을 때 목재함수율은 10%까지 떨어졌으며, 목재 축방향의 깊이에 관계없이 목재단면의 20%에 해당하는 아마인유가 침투하였다. 이때 목재의 강도적 손실은 발생하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 목재표면의 천공처리는 목재의 내부할열방지에 효과적이었고, 아마인유의 깊은 침투를 유도할 수 있었다. 흡수성 시험 결과 처리재는 무처리재에 비하여 높은 발수효과를 나타냈다. 변색균 및 부후균에 대한 항균효력시험은 처리재 자체로서 균에 대한 독성 기작이 없었으나, 백색부후균 및 갈색부후균에 대해서는 무처리재보다 낮은 중량감소율을 나타내는 등 방부효력의 상승이 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.559-565
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• 2013

목재사용량의 증가에 따라 목재의 화재안전성에 대한 요구가 높아지고 있다. 실내 사용 목재의 난연처리에 무기인계를 약제로 사용함으로써 환경에 대한 부담을 줄이면서 난연성능을 향상 시킬 수 있다. 수용성 약제를 가압 주입하여 목재 내 깊숙이 침투시키면 목재의 고유기능을 유지하면서 난연성능을 부여 할 수 있다. 난연제의 용탈을 억제하여 장기간 성능을 유지할 수 있는 장점도 있다. 저자들은 액상규산나트륨을 주약제로 하고, 붕산 및 인계 약제를 보조약제로 하여 목재 내로 약액을 주입하는 공정을 개발하였다. 이들 약제는 난연성능 외에 방부 및 방충성능을 지니는 약제가 포함되어 있어, 난연성능과 함께 목재 사용 시 노출될 수 있는 부후환경에서의 내후성능을 방미효력과 방부효력으로 평가하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.497-510
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 과열증기를 이용하여 열처리한 낙엽송재의 야외 내후성 시험을 통해 부후균과 해충에 대한 저항성을 평가하였다. 12개월간 진행된 야외 내후성 시험 결과, 무처리재는 흰개미에 의한 피해가 두드러지게 나타났지만 방부목재와 과열증기 열처리재에서는 육안으로 관찰되는 피해는 발견되지 않았다. 무처리재와 방부목재는 약 5%의 질량 감소를 보였으며, 과열증기 열처리재는 약 1%의 질량 감소를 보였다. 야외 내후성 시험이 진행된 후 방부목재에 남아있는 방부약제의 함량이 야외 내후성 시험 전보다 감소한 것으로 보아 야외 내후성 시험이 진행되는 동안 방부약제가 일부 용출된 것으로 보이며, 이에 따라 방부목재의 질량 감소가 무처리재와 유사한 수준으로 나타난 것으로 생각되었다. 과열증기를 이용한 열처리는 방부약제 주입과 같은 화학적인 처리 없이 친환경적으로 목재의 부후균과 해충에 대한 저항성을 개선시킬 수 있는 가능성이 확인되었으며, 이를 위하여 장기적인 관찰이 추가적으로 필요할 것이라 생각된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2023

This research aimed to evaluate the durability of Samama (Anthocephalus macrophyllus) wood treated with boron preservatives, citric acid (CA), and heating against termites. Wood samples were impregnated firstly with 5% boron solutions, such as boric acid, borax and boric acid + borax combination at 1:1 (w/w). The second impregnation used 5% CA. The impregnations were conducted in a pressure tank at 7 kg/cm² for 4 hours. After impregnation, the samples were heat treated at 80℃ or 160℃. All the treated and control samples were exposed to decay fungi, drywood termites and subterranean termites based on SNI 7207:2014 standard. The results showed that boron preservatives reduced fungal attacks on Samama wood. The combination treatment of boric acid, CA and heat treatment at 160℃ was also effective to increase the resistance of Samama wood against white- and brown rot fungi, and drywood termites. Heat treatment consistently improved the resistance of Samama wood from decay fungi.

• Mycobiology
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.506-511
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• 2019

We investigated the antifungal activities of an endophytic fungus identified as Acaromyces ingoldii, found on a loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) pine bolt in Louisiana during routine laboratory microbial isolations. The specific objectives were to determine the inhibitory properties of A. ingoldii secondary metabolites (crude extract) on the mycelial growth of a brown-rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum and a white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor, and to determine the effective concentration of A. ingoldii crude preparation against the two decay fungi in vitro. Results show the crude preparation of A. ingoldii from liquid culture possesses significant mycelial growth inhibitory properties that are concentration dependent against the brownrot and white-rot fungi evaluated. An increase in the concentration of A. ingoldii secondary metabolites significantly decreased the mycelial growth of both wood decay fungi. G. trabeum was more sensitive to the inhibitory effect of the secondary metabolites than T. versicolor. Identification of specific A. ingoldii secondary metabolites, and analysis of their efficacy/specificity warrants further study. Findings from this work may provide the first indication of useful roles for Acaromyces species in a forest environment, and perhaps a future potential in the development of biocontrol-based wood preservation systems.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2002

Recent progress of several kinds of compounds which have been synthesized or isolated from natural fungi for screening or conducting test as agricultural fungicides as well as some formulations for wood stain and decay control have been reviewed in this paper in China. Comments were pointed for Chinas further research and development of fungicides as well as pesticides.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.77-82
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• 1995

With the aim to utilize pine wood(Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) as an interior building materials, such as flooring material, monoethylene glycol(MEG) resin solution was impregnated into greenwood. Specimens of three different qualities, that is, normal wood, resinous wood and compression wood, were prepared. Distribution of resin element(phosphorus) in MEG resin solution-impregnated woods and preservative effectiveness against brown rot fungi(Tyromyces palustris and Serpula lacrymans) of these woods were investigated. The results were as follows: 1. The concentration of phosphorus into cell walls of resinous wood and compression wood was lower compared to that of normal wood. This shows that the quality of wood has an influence on the penetration of MEG resin solution into the wood. It was shown from a leaching test that MEG resin could be leached out easily from the cell walls. 2. The resinous wood and compression wood, even without MEG resin solution impregnation had high decay resistance. For normal wood, significant improvement of preservative effectiveness was observed after impregnation of MEG resin solution. It was shown that MEG resin was leached out from the woods after leaching test, resulting in the reduction of preservative effectiveness. From this result, suitability of MEG resin solution-impregnated woods as an interior materials was recognized.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to elucidate the microscopic patterns of decay caused by brown-rot fungi of Tyromyces palustri and Gloeophyllum trabeum in Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) and radiata pine (Pinus radiata) woods through light and electron microscopies. The ultrastructural changes of cell walls attacked by the two brown-rot fungi were compared in this respect. Macroscopically, radiata pine showed more ring and radial checks than Korean red pine. Microscopically, with the progress of decay, spiral checks associated with cross-field pits and bore holes in the cell wall were more remarkably numerous in the radiata pine than in the Korean red pine. In the radiata pine, G. trabeum produced more spiral checks in the cell wall than T. palustris. In the advanced stages of decay by G. trabeum, the erosions of ray cell walls were identified both in the Korean red pine and radiata pine but $S_3$ layers of tracheid walls were eroded only in the Korean red pine.