• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2003년도 추계학술발표논문집
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• pp.9-16
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• 2003

Interaction between wood-destroying basidiomycetes and blue stain fungi were studied during conjoint cultivation on 2% malt extract agar. The ability of basidial cultures to decolourise dark pigments of ophiostomatoid fungi was the main characteristics estimated during this investigation. Antrodiella hoehnelii(S28/91), Bjerkandera fumosa(137), Gleophyllum odoratum(124), Trametes versicolor (B18/91) cultures were found to be the most active in decreasing dark colour of blue stain fungi colonies. The cultures were recommended for further development as agents of biopulping and control of blue stain fungi in wood chips.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.68-77
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• 2006

The heartwood of cengal (Neobalanocarpus heimii) is known to have a high degree of decay resistance by virtue of its high extractive content. After 30 years in ground contact an utility pole of this tropical hardwood was found to be degraded only in the surface layers by cavity-forming soft rot fungi. The present work was undertaken 1) to characterize the degradation of cengal heartwood from the aspect of ultrastructure and chemistry and 2) to investigate the correlation between soft rot decay and its extractive microdistribution in wood tissues. The chemical analysis of cengal heartwood revealed the presence of a high amount of extractives as well as lignin. The wood contained a relatively high amount of condensed lignin and the guaiacyl units. Microscopic observations revealed that vessels, fibers and parenchyma cells (both ray and axial parenchyma) all contained extractives in their lumina, but in variable amounts. The lumina of fibers and most axial parenchyma were completely or almost completely filled with the extractives. TEM micrographs showed that cell walls were also impregnated with extractives and that pit membranes connecting parenchyma cells were well coated and impregnated with extractives. However, fungal hyphae were present in the extractive masses localized in cell lumina, and indications were that the extractives did not completely inhibit fungal growth. The extent of cell wall degradation varied with tissue types. The fibers appeared to be more susceptible to decay than vessels and parenchyma. Middle lamella was the only cell wall region which remained intact in all cell types which were severely degraded. The microscopic observations suggested a close correlation between extractive microdistribution and the pattern and extent of cell wall degradation. In addition to the toxicity to fungi, the physical constraint of the extractive material present in cengal heartwood cells is likely to have a profound effect on the growth and path of invasion of colonizing fungi, thus conferring protection to wood by restricting fungal entry into cell walls. The presence of relatively high amount of condensed lignin is also likely to be a factor in the resistance of cengal heartwood to soft rot decay.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제33권2호통권130호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2005

This study was performed to understand the interaction between Ophiostomataceae and basidiomycetes fungi during cultures, and whether the basidiomycetes fungi inhibit the growth and decolorize dark pigments of blue staining fungi. The conjoint cultivation was studied on 2% malt extract agar. The ability of basidial cultures to decolorize dark pigments of ophiostomatoid fungi was the main characteristics estimated during this study. More than half of basidial cultures were characterized by deadlock interaction with blue staining fungi. In the dual cultures, where basidial partners were presented by Agaricus bisporus(64), Laetiporus sulphureus(L01/89), Trametes versicolor(09) and unknown fungus(02), antagonism was found at the phase of primary contact of colonies. Replacement interaction resulted usually in decreasing dark colour of substrate was observed for 11 basidial cultures that were belonging mainly to white-rot fungi. Among them Abortiporus biennis(123), Antrodiella hoehnelii(S28/91), Bjerkandera fumosa (137), and Gleophyllum odoratum(124) were characterized by the absence of deadlock-phase: they began to grow over dark colonies of their partners just after primary contact. Basidiomycetes did not affect strongly the pigments of Ceratocystis spp. and Leptographium sibirica isolates, but completely decolorized colonies of Ophiostoma ips and to a smaller degree Ophiostoma minus. Antrodiella hoehnelii(S28/91), Bjerkandera fumosa(137), Gleophyllum odoratum(124) and Trametes versicolor(B18/91) cultures were found to be the most active in decreasing dark color of blue staining fungi colonies. The cultures were recommended for further development as agents of biopulping of wood chips and bio-control of blue stain in woods.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2004

본 실험은 건조되지 않은 목재를 고온의 아마인유에 침지처리함으로써 목재건조와 동시에 발수효과를 얻고자 실시하였다.함수율 90% 이상의 소나무생재를 온도 150℃의 아마인유에서 6시간 침지처리하였을 때 목재함수율은 10%까지 떨어졌으며, 목재 축방향의 깊이에 관계없이 목재단면의 20%에 해당하는 아마인유가 침투하였다. 이때 목재의 강도적 손실은 발생하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 목재표면의 천공처리는 목재의 내부할열방지에 효과적이었고, 아마인유의 깊은 침투를 유도할 수 있었다. 흡수성 시험 결과 처리재는 무처리재에 비하여 높은 발수효과를 나타냈다. 변색균 및 부후균에 대한 항균효력시험은 처리재 자체로서 균에 대한 독성 기작이 없었으나, 백색부후균 및 갈색부후균에 대해서는 무처리재보다 낮은 중량감소율을 나타내는 등 방부효력의 상승이 있었다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.8-14
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• 1999

A screening has been performed to find hyper-ligninolytic fungi, which degtrade beech and pine lignin extensively in order to broaden the understanding of the ligninolytic enzymes elaborated by various white-rot fungi. One hundred and twenty two ligninolytic strains were selected from decayed woods with a selective medium for screening ligninolytic wood-rotting fungi. Two of them, Phanerochaete sordida YK-624 and YK-472, showed much higher ligninolytic activity and selectivity in beech-wood degradation than typical lignin-degrading fungi, phanerochaete chrysosporium and Coriolus versicolor. They also degraded birch dioxane lignin and residual lignin in unbleached kraft pulp(UKP) much more extensively than P. chrysosporium and C. versicolor. During fungal treatment of beech wood-powder, the fungus strain P. sordida YK-624 showed higher activity of extracellular manganese peroxidase (MnP) in the medium than P. chrysosporium. It also showed MnP activity, which would not be lignin peroxidast during treatment of oxygen-bleached kraft pulp(OKP) and under enzyme-inducing conditin.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to elucidate the microscopic patterns of decay caused by brown-rot fungi of Tyromyces palustri and Gloeophyllum trabeum in Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) and radiata pine (Pinus radiata) woods through light and electron microscopies. The ultrastructural changes of cell walls attacked by the two brown-rot fungi were compared in this respect. Macroscopically, radiata pine showed more ring and radial checks than Korean red pine. Microscopically, with the progress of decay, spiral checks associated with cross-field pits and bore holes in the cell wall were more remarkably numerous in the radiata pine than in the Korean red pine. In the radiata pine, G. trabeum produced more spiral checks in the cell wall than T. palustris. In the advanced stages of decay by G. trabeum, the erosions of ray cell walls were identified both in the Korean red pine and radiata pine but $S_3$ layers of tracheid walls were eroded only in the Korean red pine.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.253-263
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• 2016

Fungi, such as the wood-rotting Polyporus brumalis, are excellent sources of pharmaceutically interesting natural products such as sesquiterpenoids. In this study, we investigated the biosynthesis of P. brumalis sesquiterpenoids on modified medium. Ten additional species of white rot fungi were inoculated in medium containing nutrients such as $C_6H_{12}O_6$, $C_4H_{12}N_2O_6$, $KH_2PO_4$, $MgSO_4$, and $CaCl_2$ at $28^{\circ}C$ for 25 days. After 10 days of incubation, eudesmane-type sesquiterpenes, ${\beta}$-eudesmane and ${\beta}$-eudesmol, were only synthesized during the growth phase of P. brumalis. Experiments excluding one nutrient at a time were conducted to determine the effects of inorganic nutrients on sesquiterpene biosynthesis. In conclusion, GC-MS analysis showed that biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes was differentially regulated by inorganic nutrients such as $MgSO_4$, $C_4H_{12}N_2O_6$, and $KH_2PO_4$. We found $MgSO_4$ supplementation to be vital for eudesmane-type sesquiterpene biosynthesis in P. brumalis; nitrogen ($C_4H_{12}N_2O_6$) and phosphate ($KH_2PO_4$) inhibited the synthesis of P. brumalis metabolites. Magnesium is a known cofactor of sesquiterpene synthase, which promotes ${\beta}$-eudesmol synthesis. To mechanistically understand eudesmane-type sesquiterpene biosynthesis in P. brumalis, further research into the genes regulating the dynamics of such biosynthesis is warranted.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.225-232
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• 2020

Chemical modification of wood is an effective method to enhance the biological durability of wood with no toxic effect on the environment. In this study, wood of Triplochiton scleroxylon was modified using acetylation techniques. A total of one hundred wood blocks, (each 20×20×60 mm) obtained from a 22-year old T. scleroxylon tree were conditioned and acetylated at 120℃ in a bioreactor containing acetic anhydride for 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 minutes. The percentage weight gain of acetylated wood was determined. The untreated (control) and treated blocks were exposed to Pleurotus ostreatus (white rot fungus) and Fibroporia vaillanti (brown rot fungus) after which moisture content (MC) and weight loss (WL) was monitored for 16 weeks. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics at p<0.05 level of significance. The percentage weight gain of acetylated wood samples increased with time from 10.4% (60 minutes) to 22.7% (300 minutes). MC of untreated blocks inoculated with Pleurotus ostreatus was significantly higher than those of Fibroporia vaillantii after 16 weeks exposure. There was no significant difference in the MC of the of the acetylated samples for the two fungi after 300 minutes reaction time. The WL of untreated blocks inoculated with Fibroporia vaillantii was higher than those of Pleurotus ostreatus, however, the two fungi showed no significant difference in the WL for the acetylated samples after 16 weeks exposure. Acetylation prevents moisture absorption and inhibition of fungi growth in acetylated wood compared to untreated wood, thereby enhancing the durability of Triplochiton scleroxylon.

• Mycobiology
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.225-230
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• 2015

The polypore genus Abundisporus Ryvarden is characterized by resupinate to pileate fruitbodies with a purplish brown hymenophore, slightly thick-walled, pale yellowish and non-dextrinoid basidiospores, and causing white rot. A purple color hymenophore, an easily observable and striking character, was considered the main distinctive feature at the generic level within polypores. However, due to highly similar basidiocarp features, species identification within these purple polypores is particularly difficult. Three species of purple colored polypores have been reported in Korea (Abundisporus fuscopurpureus, A. pubertatis, and Fomitopsis rosea). Based on morphological re-examination, ecological information, and sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer, we showed that previous classification was incorrect and there is only one species (A. pubertatis) in Korea. We provide a detailed description of A. pubertatis in Korea, as well as a taxonomic key to distinguish wood rot fungi with a purple hymenophore.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제80권3호
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• pp.311-316
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• 1991

낙엽송 근주심재부후병균(根株心材腐朽病菌)을 이병목(罹病木)의 부후조직(腐朽組織)에서 분리(分離)하였다. 5개도(個道)의 38개임지(個林地)에서 총(總) 216본(本)의 근주심재부후목(根株心材腐朽木)으로부터 가장 높은 빈도(頻度)로 분리(分離)된 균(菌)은 Sparassis crispa(꽃송이버섯)로 조사목(調査木)의 28%를 차지하였고, Laetiporus sulphureus(덕다리버섯)가 19%, Phaeolus schweinitzii(해면버섯)가 8%순(順)으로 분리(分離)되었다. 그러나 조사목(調査木)의 45%에서는 부후균(腐朽菌)이 분리(分離)되지 않았다. 한편 근주심재부후목(根株心材腐朽木)의 수간내(樹幹內)에서 분리(分離)한 4종(種)의 담자균(擔子菌)과 3종(種)의 비담자균(非擔子菌)을 단독(單獨) 또는 상호연계처리(相互連繫處理)하여 낙엽송심재열화능력(心材劣化能力)과 상호관계(相互關係)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果), 단독처리(單獨處理)에 의(依)한 6개월후(個月後)의 중량감소율(重量減少率)은 P. schweinitzii가 19.6%, S. crispa 10.0%, L. sulphurous 8.2%, Coriolus hirsutus 5.1% 순(順)이었고, 비담자균(非擔子菌)은 4.4%이하(以下)였다. 또한 상호결합처리(相互結合處理)에서 비담자균(非擔子菌)인 Geotrichum candidium, G. sp. 및 Verticillium sp.는 S. crispa, L. sulphurous 및 C. hirsutus의 부후활동(腐朽活動)을 다소(多少) 촉진(促進)시켰으나, P. schweinitziii에는 영향(影響)하지 않았다.