• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.124-129
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• 2008

Moisture content of Larix kapempferi was maintained at 28% after air drying. 5% CCFZ solution penetration depth was observed through longitudinal tracheid and axial resin canal. Penetration depth was increased significantly from heartwood to sapwood and the penetration depth was found 1.3 times higher for sapwood measured at 15.0 second of penetration. On the other hand, liquid flow in sapwood and heartwood involved most liquid first entering the resin canals. Overall resin canal conducted 1.4 times more than tracheid. Latewood was found more permeable than in earlywood. At the beginning of penetration, the speed was high and then decreased in the course of time.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.165-165
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• 1982

In order to improve decaying properties of the plywood, the effectiveness of the Malenit treatment on the shear strength and decaying properties of the plywood has been investigated. The results are as follows. 1. No decrease of the shear strength of the plywood has shown despite of plywood treatment with Malenit right after plywood made or veneer treated with the same preservative prior to plywood manu. factured. 2. The effectiveness of Malenit treatment on decaying property of the plywood has shown much greater than that of the untreated plywood and red pine sapwood. 3. Weight decreases of the test specimens due to the infection of the different fungi have seen in different ways. If fungi infected weight decreases of the specimens are different in it's degree due to the fungi.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2014

To development of the low toxic preservatives, we prepared 29 kinds of chemicals using dinotefuran of low toxic insecticide, IPBC and propiconazol of fungicide, and clove oil has fungicidal activity, but is harmless to humans. It was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effectiveness of mycelial growth and anti-mold effectiveness to treated PDA medium and wood specimen with prepared chemicals. It was not showed anti-mold effectiveness that solvent and emulsifier form preservatives. Therefor, we thought that only four component, dinotefuran, IPBC, propiconazol and clove oil, has anti-mold effectiveness. In the PDA medium test, the preservative which has much IPBC showed high anti-mold effectiveness. By the wood specimen test, it was known that many prepared preservatives which showed good inhibitory effectiveness of mycelial growth in the PDA medium test, have not anti-mold effectiveness. Of all prepared preservatives in this study, only three preservatives containing dinotefuran and IPBC, or adding clove oil appeared the excellent anti-mold effectiveness.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.5-9
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• 1963

1. Creosote in treated wood that exposed in open areas of outdoor is gradually lost by elapse of some period of time. This is the interst and important problem relating to decide the effect on the life extension of creosoted wood. As a general preservative losses occurring in wood treated by oil born preservative such as creosote oil are taken place boy the evaporating and washing activities of the exposed surfaces of wood due to the climatic conditions. Accordingly author intend to inspect differences in retention among species showing after creosoted blocks had been treated by evaporating and washing alternately for a definite time in the laboratory. 2. In this study rail road tie woods of Quercus aliena Blume, Fagus crenata Blume and Fraxinus mandchurica Ruprecht which entered into area for treatment at the plant, locating in Suwon, Korea, were selected to the test species. $2{\times}2{\times}2$ centimeter forty small wood blocks for each species were cut, treated by the mixed solution of equal 50% creosote and heavy oil (hot and cold method), and inspected absorption percents. After evaporation and washing treatments alternately to the intervals of definite time had been accomplished, the losses of creosote were inspected. 3. According to the results Quercus Fagus and Fraxinus are showing the values of 37.9, 87.3 and 59.3% in absorption, and these values were reduced into 28.7, 63.8 and 44.4% respectively by evaporating and washing treatments for a definite time. These indicate that losses of ease absorbing species are greater than difficult one and on the contrary difficult are lesser. However above reduced values are calculated to the 24.3, 26.9 and 25.1% when the absorption percents of each species were assumed as 100% retention respectively. Therefore actual differences of losses among species are lesser than those of absorption percents.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.50-56
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• 2003

This research was performed to select an appropriate agent to extract preservative components from CCA-treated wood, and then to evaluate the effect of reagent concentration, extracting temperature, and extracting time on the removal of chrome, copper, and arsenic from treated wood. Hydrogen peroxide was selected as the best extracting agent when considered extraction yield as well as use and environmental safety. Its extraction yield was dependent on extracting variables (temperature, concentration, and time), and a highly significant interaction existed among variables. It should be possible to optimize extraction by manipulating these extracting variables. The results may suggest that the required temperature conditions for the reasonable removal of CCA components are at least above 40℃ because extracting time is too long at low temperature (20℃). Reagent concentrations for extracting at above 40℃ should be decided by considering the extracting time.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.222-228
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• 2015

To evaluate the natural decay durability of valuable domestic softwoods which are used for preservative treatment in our country, we carried out decay test by European standard method. Of all test wood species, Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis) showed slightly high natural decay durability compared to other 4 wood species, Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora), pitch pine (Pinus rigida), Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), and scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). However, all of evaluated domestic softwood species in this study caused high weight losses over about 30% in heartwood by test fungus, Poria placenta. We can hardly expect a good natural decay durability from these softwood species. According to the classification of the natural durability of European standard (EN 350-1), they are classified into "Not durable" or "Slightly durable". Therefore, if using these softwoods as exterior materials, we must do preservative treatment to ensure durability.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.191-209
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• 2021

Australia has significant wood resources in its native forest, but the resource available for harvest becomes lesser due to the conversion of native forest to conservation reserves. The natural occurrences of bushfires, droughts, and cyclones are highly destructive, making the situation worse. The shortage of wood resources is having a significant negative impact on Australia because wood is so scarce that they cannot meet domestic demands, especially durable wood. Australia cleared approximately 100 million hectares of its land to establish forest plantations, and two million trees were planted. However, most of these plantations are for pulpwood production; however, their application for high-value products is limited due to their undesirable properties. Wood modification is a process of improving unfavorable wood properties to be utilized for a wide range of applications. Australia has not adopted any of these modification processes; it still depends on the less toxic wood preservative to treat wood. This study focuses on the recent advancement in industrial wood modification worldwide and how it may be used to modify Eucalyptus wood for high-value applications. The opportunities and suggestions for Eucalyptus wood modification in Australia will be discussed. Before the study concludes, the future of commercial wood modification for Eucalyptus plantation in Australia will also be presented.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.306-315
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• 2010

The stress laminated timber, which could be manufactured by small dimension lumber on construction site, has high possibilities for bridges in remote area, such as recreation forest or forest road, because those bridges may be short span and low frequency in use. The stress laminated timber has merits of easiness for preservative treatment and transportation because it is manufactured with small dimension lumber. This study was carried out to analyze performances of stress laminated timber manufactured with preservative treated domestic pitch pine for developing structural design data for stress laminated timber bridges for vehicular traffic. Perpendicular to grain compressive performance by preservative treatment and bending performance by bored holes of pitch pine lumber was analyzed. Then, the effects of bending performance by pre-stress pressure, distance of bolts, number of laminations and planning were analyzed. Conclusively, planning of lumber was not necessary for manufacturing stress laminated timber, and 80% of bending stiffness criteria was maintained as pre-stress pressure was higher than 3.0 kg/$cm^2$. However, further researches are needed to define the effects of bolt distances and number of laminations. The results of this research would be basic data for design stress laminated timber bridges for vehicular traffic in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2000

This study was designed to investigate the effect of treatment variables on CCA treatment of Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora), Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis), and ezo spruce (Picea jezoensis) round posts. Variables included were duration of initial vacuum (30, 45, or 60 minutes) and maximum pressure applied (8.5, 10.5, or 14.0 kg/$cm^2$), and maximum pressure was maintained until refusal point was reached. Regardless of wood species, extending the duration of initial vacuum more than 30 minutes did not affect treatability. Increasing pressure did not affect preservative penetration; however, preservative retention was affected by pressure levels, particularly at higher level (14.0 kg/$cm^2$). Preservative penetration depth of Japanese red pine met a minimum requirement specified by Notification of Korean Forestry Administration (No. 1999-8) for hazard class H5 of CCA-treated wood. Penetration of preservative in both Japanese larch and ezo spruce was not deep because of shallow sapwood thickness of these species, so pretreatment such as incising should be considered if these species are treated with preservatives. Although retention in Japanese red pine was not significantly increased even with 14.0 kg/$cm^2$, that of refractory Japanese larch and ezo spruce was significantly increased with the application of 14.0 kg/$cm^2$. Effect of treatment variables on refusal time was unclear; however, it is cleared that the refusal time was shortened with the increase in sapwood thickness.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.93-99
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• 1996

In order to investigate the extent of fixation of new water-borne preservatives in blocks of pinus densiflora sapwoods the streaming potential through the column with preservative treated wood was measured at various conditions. The rates of leachability of ingredients in the treated wood were estimated by the measurement of electric conductivity of the solution with the leached components. The solution was also analyzed by Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AA). As a results, the experimental data indicated that the fixation of CCB, CCFZ and ACQ in wood were relatively unstable. The fixation rates of CCB, CCFZ were improved by increasing heat and drying time. The amounts of the leached ingredients were apparently higher in CCB and CCFZ than in CCA, while the rate of leaching of ACQ was not changed at various drying temperature.