• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.76 no.4
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• pp.317-329
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• 1987

A comparative anatomy between the secondary xylem in the root and the stem of some Korean Lauraceae, including 6 genera and 7 species, was carried out in this study. The results are as follows; diameter and length of vessel element and fiber are wider and longer in the root than the stem. The angle of end wall of vessel element is more inclined in the root than the stem. Also more number of bar on the perforation plate of vessel element in root wood is found. From the anatomical characters of root and stem wood in some Lauraceous species, it is suggested that the wood of the root is phylogenetically mote primitive than that of the stem, except the diameter of vessel element.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1996

The frequency distribution diagrams of Korean diffuse-porous woods, 36 families, 75 genera, 145 species, 215 specimens in relation to habit and phenology were analyzed. As the habit character changes from shrub to tree, such quantitative features as vessel frequency, percentage of solitary vessels, length/diameter(L/D) ratio of vessel element decreased but tangential vessel diameter, fiber length/vessel element length(F/V) ratio increased. Qualitative features such as helical vessel wall thickening, diffuse distribution of longitudinal parenchyma, heterogeneous ray composition decreased, while alternate intervessel pits, libriform wood fiber, simple perforations increase. As the phenology character changes from evergreen to deciduous species, such quantitative features as percentage of solitary vessels, vessel element length and L/D ratio decreased but tangential vessel diameter, F/V ratio increased. Diffuse distribution of longitudinal parenchyma, heterogeneous ray composition, and crystals in qualitative features decreased, while alternate intervessel pits, libriform wood fiber, simple perforation of vessel element, ray width and ray height increased.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.770-782
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• 2021

Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of three approaches (the seasonal auto-regressive integrated moving average [SARIMA] model, the nonlinear autoregressive exogenous [NARX] artificial neural networks and Wood's model) to the prediction of milk yield during lactation. Methods: The dataset comprised monthly test-day records from 965 Polish Holstein-Friesian Black-and-White primiparous cows. The milk yields from cows in their first lactation (from 5 to 305 days in milk) were used. Each lactation was divided into ten lactation stages of approximately 30 days. Two age groups and four calving seasons were distinguished. The records collected between 2009 and 2015 were used for model fitting and those from 2016 for the verification of predictive performance. Results: No significant differences between the predicted and the real values were found. The predictions generated by SARIMA were slightly more accurate, although they did not differ significantly from those produced by the NARX and Wood's models. SARIMA had a slightly better performance, especially in the initial periods, whereas the NARX and Wood's models in the later ones. Conclusion: The use of SARIMA was more time-consuming than that of NARX and Wood's model. The application of the SARIMA, NARX and Wood's models (after their implementation in a user-friendly software) may allow farmers to estimate milk yield of cows that begin production for the first time.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 1993

Prolactin has been reported to be present in the tear film of humans and prolactin-like immunoreactivity has been detected by immunofluorescence in acinar cells of the lacrimal glands of humans and rats. The present study was aimed at clarifying the intracellular distribution of the prolactin-like immunoreactivity, using the electron microscope immunogold technique. The lacrimal gland acinar cells have two types of secretory granules: 1) Secretory granules containing flocculent materials irregularly shaped and are often coalesced. 2) Secretory granules are fairly round and contain homogenous materials of a moderate electron density. The density of the granular content varies even within a single cell. We found prolactin-like reactivity in secretory granules, some smaller cytosolic vesicles, Golgi cisternae and nuclei in acinar cells from intact glands of rat. Our present results are consistent with the conclusion that prolactin is present in lacrimal cells. The presence of prolactin reactivity in the nucleus suggests that prolactin may be a regulatory factor modulating gene expression.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 1985

The bipinnate-compound leaf of Parkia clappertoniana has prominent, long petiole with a pulvinal base. The pulvinus has wood, periderm, lenticels and extensive cortical layer. Its vascular bundles are elongated with alternating rays. The vascular bundles of the petiole, rachis and veins are oval, with conspicuous bundle caps. Stomatal complex is predominantly paracytic with occasional occurrence of anomocytic stomata near the midrib. The oval stomata have conspicuous stomatal ledges. Trichomes are unicellular, acicular and restricted to the rachis, petiole and pinnule mid-ribs and margin. Ecological and taxonomic significance of features is discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.147-159
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• 2019

Lumbar foraminal pathology causing entrapment of neurovascular contents and radicular symptoms are commonly associated with foraminal stenosis. Foraminal neuropathy can also be derived from inflammation of the neighboring lateral recess or extraforaminal spaces. Conservative and interventional therapies have been used for the treatment of foraminal inflammation, fibrotic adhesion, and pain. This update reviews the anatomy, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and current treatment options of foraminal neuropathy.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.72-82
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• 2010

The objective of this study is to identify the species of 17 wooden Buddhist statues of the late Joseon Dynasty (the 17th and 18th century) in Jeollado, southwestern region of Korea. The bodies of statues were made of Ginkgo (Gingko biloba L.: 88%) and alder (Alnus spp.: 12%). The hands of statues were alder(64%), willow (Salix spp.: 27%) and Ginkgo(9%). The bottoms of hollow bodies were covered all with Japanese red-pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z., 'sonamu') panels. The main species of statue body, Ginkgo tree was known to be introduced to Korea from China with Buddhism. The results indicated that Ginkgo trees of Korea in the 17th century had already become large and rich enough to be used for most of statues. Ginkgo wood has low shrinkage and even texture, which are crucial for carving sculptures. Alder and willow woods used for statue hands have fine and firm textures. The pedestals for these statues were also made of red pine wood. Red pine woods have rather high shrinkage and low hardness, but it is versatile woods strong enough to support heavy statues.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 1991

Anatomical study of the secondary xylem in Malvales plants, including four families, five genera and ten species grown in Korea, was carried out to elucidate relationship among genera or families in the order. Wood of Elaeocarpus is diffuse porous and shows angular vessels in radial multiples of 2-14 cells and a few apotracheal or paratracheal parenchyma. Tiliaceous genera have diffuse porous wood, vessels in solitary distribution and apotracheal parenchyma of sinuous scalariform uniseriate band. In the family, Tilia shows angular vessel. noded and tile-like cell in ray and storied tissue but Grewia has circular vessel. Hibiscus shows ring porous wood, circular solitary vessel and biseriate band of apotracheal and paratracheal parenchyma. Firmiana shows ring porous wood, circular solitary vessel and confluent parenchyma. Many starch grains appear in ray and axial parenchyma. Judging from arrangement, shape, length and diameter of vessel element and angle of end wall to vessel axis, and arrangement and shape of axial parenchyma, the lines of specialization in these genera are from primitive Elaeocarpaceae through less primitive Tiliaceae and less advanced Malvaceae to advanced Sterculiaceae.iaceae.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.211-217
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• 1992

In order to elucidate the formation of reaction tissues during the transition from primary to secondary growth, the developmental anatomy was conducted in the first internode of Acer sacchan'num seedling in horizontal position. During the transition from primary to secondary growth, tension wood(gelatinous fiber) was gradually developed on the upper side only, And the tension wood formation in the upper side of the horizontal first internode proceeds acropetally from base to apical portion. Some of the anatomical features of tension wood start to be in the primary vascular tissue and a typical tension wood show during the secondary growth, Therefore, the procambium seems to respond to the gravity as well as vascular cambium. For this reason, both procambium and vascular cambium has to regard as the same meristem, On the other hand, the upper side vessels were longer than those of the lower side in the horizontal first internode. The lateral-wall pitting of vessel elements, however, showed no differences between upper and lower sides which have alternate type. The width and height of rayon the upper side of horizontal first internode was larger as compared with the lower side.r side.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.273-282
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• 2008

Increasing demand for timber and the depletion of natural forest have encouraged utilization of many non-popular species. The understanding of wood properties and behavior is important to evaluate the potential of these species to produce high quality end products. This study determines the anatomical and physical properties of Hevea species viz Hevea pauciflora, Hevea guianensis, Hevea spruceana, Hevea benthamiana and Hevea brasiliensis. Each sample tree was cut into three different portions along the height (bottom- B, middle- M and upper -T parts) and two radial samples (outer- O and inner- I parts). H. brasiliensis clone RRIM 912 exhibited the longest fibre with $1214{\mu}m$, followed by H. benthamiana (HB, $1200{\mu}m$), H. pauciflora (HP, $1189{\mu}m$), H. spruceana (HS, $1158{\mu}m$) and H. guianensis (HG, $1145{\mu}m$). Fibre length has a positive correlation with specific gravity. The largest fibre diameter ($24.9{\mu}m$) and lumen diameter ($12.5{\mu}m$) were recorded in H. guianensis. The highest moisture content was obtained from H. spruceana (64.34%) compared to the lowest with 60.01% (Clone RRIM912). The higher moisture content is normally associated with lower strength. Overall, the properties of clone RRIM 912 is found to be comparatively better because of higher strength due to longer fibre length, thicker cell walls and higher specific gravity than the other Hevea species. Therefore, this species can be used as a general utility timber.