• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 B
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• pp.643-645
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• 1999

In experiment, a real inverted pendulum system has state constraints and limited amplitude of input. These problems make it difficult to design a swing-up controller. To overcome these problems, we design a sliding mode controller considering physical behaviour of the inverted pendulum system. This sliding mode controller uses a switching control action to converge along a specified path derived from energy equation from a state around the path to desired states(standing position). And optimal control method is used to guarantee stability at unstable equilibrium position. The designed controller can be applied to all inverted pendulum systems regardless of the values of their parameters. Compared with previous existing controllers, it is simple and easy to tune. Experimental results are given to show the effectiveness of this controller.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2020년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.138-138
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• 2020

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2020년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.137-137
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• 2020

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 B
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• pp.503-505
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• 1999

Linear cheap control problem is a special form of linear quadratic regulator problem in which a small parameter ${\varepsilon}^2$ is multiplied with the control term. The joint problem in which cheap control is applied to a weakly coupled discrete system has not been reported in the literature. In this paper, the high-gain problem and decoupling problem on discrete weakly coupled system are considered together. We derive Hamiltonian matrix when the cheap control is applied to a weakly coupled discrete system and use it in developing numerical formulations in the process of applying parallel algorithm to the system.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.2173-2175
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• 2003

This paper presents a cruise control system design using variable structure control (AVCS) is an important part of the intelligent vehicle and highway systems (IVHS). A vehicle desired acceleration profile has been designed based on the vehicle speed and distance control algorithm. Cruise control system has been designed using VSC theory for which we propose a moving switching surface(MSS). It has been shown that the proposed control system can provide satisfactory performance. Simulation results are given to show the effectiveness of this controller.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.643-645
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• 1999

In between of linear and nonlinear systems lies a large class of bilinear systems. The major importance of bilinear systems lies in the applications to the real world systems such as many physical processes, many biological process, some economic process. Despite vast application of bilinear systems they have not been studied extensively in the domain of singularly perturbations except for a few minor results. In this paper we will utilize singular peturbations theory to obtain the closed-loop optimal solution for discrete-time bilinear systems.

• KIEE International Transaction on Systems and Control
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• 제12D권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2002

In this paper, the infinite time optimal regulation problem for weakly coupled bilinear systems with quadratic performance criteria is obtained by a sequence of algebraic Lyapunov equations. This is the new approach is based on the successive approximation. In particular, the order reduction is achieved by using suitable state transformation so that the original Lyapunov equations are decomposed into the reduced-order local Lyapunov equations. The proposed algorithms not only solve optimal control problems in the weakly coupled bilinear system but also reduce the computation time. This paper also includes an example to demonstrate the procedures.

• 산업진흥연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.167-177
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• 2024

본 논문의 목적은 궁위 인식에 대한 학술적 지위를 조금이나마 회복시켜 보는 데 목적이 있다. 근묘화실로 비유되는 궁위론, 즉 연월일시의 상징성은 단순한 통변의 기술이 아니다. 사주의 가장 근간을 이루는 명리 원리에 해당한다는 점을 인식하고 그 학술적 연구가 앞으로 더 많이 이루어져야 한다는 취지에서 연구하였다. 사주를 구성하는 내재적 사상은 음양오행이며, 기록하는 글자는 십간십이지이고, 시공의 자리를 담당하는 요소는 천간, 지지 그리고 4개의 기둥으로 엮인 궁위(宮位)이다. 이번 궁위 인식에 관한 고찰을 통해 인간이 탄생하는 시점, 즉 우주의 에너지가 뇌와 온몸에 포맷되는 그 순간에 과거의 시간과 정보가 시간의 점을 통과하고 스펙트럼처럼 확산되며 미래의 시간과 행동을 이끌어 간다는 '시간의 스펙트럼' 현상을 궁위론의 근거로 제시해 보았다. 임철초가 '원형이정'을 설명하는 근거로 사용한 선･후천팔괘의 변화 포인트와 현대 우주론 중 하나인 평행이론에서 가정하고 있는 현재를 투과하고 있는 두 원뿔형의 시간 변화 혹은 왜곡이 미래의 우주에 잔상을 남긴다는 가정을 궁위론의 연역적 근거로 삼아 논의해 보았다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.573-579
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• 1995

A Bacillus strain capable of producing an extracellular malto-oligosaccharides forming $\alpha $-amylase was isolated from soil and designated as Bacillus sp. SUH4-2. The enzyme was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-Toyopearl and Mono-Q HR 5/5 column chromatographies using a FPLC system. The specific activity of the enzyme was increased by 16.1-fold and the yield was 13.5%. The optimum temperature for the activity of $\alpha $-amylase was 60-65$\circ$C and more than 50% of initial activity was retained after the enzyme was incubated at 60$\circ$C for 40 min. The enzyme was stable over a broad pH range of 5.0-8.0 and the optimum pH was 5.0-6.0. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be about 63.6 kD and isoelectric point was around 5.8. The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by Mn$^{2+}$, Ni$^{2+}$, and Cu$^{2+}$ ; slightly by Ca$^{2+}$. The purified enzyme produced starch hydrolyzates containing mainly maltose and maltotriose from soluble starch. The starch hydrolyzates were composed of 11% glucose, 59% maltose, 25% maltotriose and 5% maltotetraose.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2014

Normal aging causes changes in the brain volume, connection, function and cognition. The brain changes with increases in age and difference of gender varies at all levels. Studies about normal brain aging using various brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) variables such as gray and white matter structural imaging, proton spectroscopy, apparent diffusion coefficient, diffusion tensor imaging and functional MRI are reviewed. Total volume of brain increases after birth but decreases after 9 years old. During adulthood, total volume of brain is relatively stable. After 35 years old, brain shrinks gradually. The changes of gray and white matters by aging show different features. N-acetylaspartate decreases or remains unchanged but choline, creatine and myo-inositol increase with aging. Apparent diffusion coefficient decreases till 20 years old and then becomes stable during adulthood and increase after 60 years old. Diffusion tensor properties in white matter tissue are variable during aging. Resting-state functional connectivity decreases after middle age. Structural and functional brain changes with normal aging are important for studying various psychiatric diseases such as dementia, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Our review may be helpful for studying longitudinal changes of these diseases and successful aging.