• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.70-75
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• 2016

완치가 불가능한 진행성 암환자에게 시행되는 완화적 항암치료의 목표는 생명연장과 삶의 질 향상이다. 그러나 완화적 항암치료는 상당한 독성을 가질 수도 있기 때문에 의사는 항암제 투여의 중단시점에 대해, 특히 생의 마지막 몇 달 내 기간에는, 항상 지속적으로 평가해야 한다. 완화적 항암치료를 중단하는 분명한 권고안은 없지만 진행성 암환자 돌봄의 질 향상을 위해 해결해야 할 쟁점이다. 저자는 완화적 항암치료를 투여 받았던 진행성 대장암, 비소세포 폐암 환자 두 증례를 기술하였다. 두 증례 모두 완화적 항암치료의 중단에 대한 공동 결정 하에 현재까지 최대한의 증상 치료를 시행하고 있다. 두 증례와 최근까지의 문헌고찰을 통해 국내 호스피스 완화의료가 확립 되어가는 시점에서, 항암치료의 중단 시점과 결정에 대해 부각시키는 바이다.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2012

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 의식 없는 말기환자 가족의 연명치료 중단 결정 경험을 이해하기 위함이다. 방법: 자료는 의 없는 말기환자의 연명치료 중단 결정을 한 8명의 가족으로부터 심층면담을 통해 수집하였다. Colaizzi의 현상학적 분석 방법이 자료 분석을 위해 사용되었다. 결과: 주제는 12개의 주제모음으로 분류되었고, 12개의 주제모음은 마침내 5개의 범주로 통합되었다. 5개의 범주는 환자상태로 인한 절망감, 의료진의 권고에 마음을 비움, 환자의 바램, 돌봄으로 인한 가족의 소진, 연명치료와 관련된 과거의 경험이었다. 결론: 다섯 개의 범주를 통하여 의식 없는 말기환자 가족의 연명치료 중단 결정 과정에서 발생할 수 있는 현상들을 이해함으로써 적절한 상담과 간호를 제공하여 보다 바람직한 호스피스 완화의료 중재가 필요하다고 본다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.412-420
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• 2020

Background: Measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) is useful for detection the ability of plants to tolerate environmental stresses such as drought, and excessive sunlight. Cnidium officinale Makino is highly sensitive to water stress and excessive sunlight. In this study, we evaluated the effect of soil water and shade treatment on the photosynthesis and leaf temperature change of C. officinale. Methods and Results: C. officinale was cultivated under uniform irrigation for 1 week drought stress (no watering) for 6 days. A significant decrease in CF was observed on the 5th day of withholding water (approximately 6% of soil water content) regardless of shading. Notably, the Rfd_lss parameter (CF decrease rates) with and without shade treatment was reduced by 73.1% and 56.5% respectively, at 6 days compared with those at the initial stage (0 day). The patterns of the degree of CF parameters corresponded to those of the soil water content and difference between leaf temperature (Ts) and air temperature (Ta). Meanwhile, CF parameters recovered to the 3 - 4 days levels after re-watering, while the soil water potential was completely restored. The suitable soil water content for C. officinale optimal growth was between -5 kPa and -10 kPa in this experiment. Conclusions: Lack of soil water in the cultivation of C. officinale, even with shading, decreased latent heat cooling through transpiration. As a result, heat dissipation declined, and the plant was subjected to drought stress. Soil water content plays a major role in photosynthesis and leaf temperature in C. officinale.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2016

Leaf water and osmotic potential, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, and electrolyte leakage were measured to evaluate tolerance to water stress in wild-type (WT) and transgenic tobacco plants (TR) expressing copper/zink superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in chloroplasts. Leaf water potential of both WT and TR plants decreased similarly under water stress condition. However, leaf osmotic potential of TR plants more negatively decreased in the process of dehydration, compared with WT plants, suggesting osmotic adjustment. Stomatal conductance (Gs) in WT plants markedly decreased from the Day 4 after withholding water, while that in TR plants retained relatively high values. Relatively low chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate under water stress were shown in WT plants since $4^{th}$ day after treatment. In particular, damage indicated by electrolyte leakage during water stress was higher in WT plants than in TR plants. On the other hand, SOD and APX activity was remarkably higher in TR plants. These results indicate that transgenic tobacco plants expressing copper/zink superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in chloroplasts improve tolerance to water stress.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2008

A total of 3,943 samples (beef 698, pork 2,178 and chicken 1,067)were collected from slaughter houses in Daegu from January to December 2006 for analysis of antimicrobial residues. The results were also comparatively analyzed with those carried out from 16 veterinary service laboratories nationwide as a part of national residue program in 2006. The samples from 11 farms (cattle 2, pig 9) were found to exceed the legal limit. Among them 5 were classified as tetracyclines, 3 as $\beta$-lactams, 2 as sulfonamides and 1 as quinolone. Nationally a total of 222 farms (241 cases) were found to violate the residual limits, of which 47.3% were detected by screening test, followed by surveillance (38.3%). Failure to observe withholding periods of antimicrobial drugs after treatment was the most significant cause of the non-compliance.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2023

To understand antioxidant enzyme response of two contrasting Arundinella hirta ecotypes to drought stress, drought-tolerant Youngduk and drought-sensitive Jinju-1, were comparatively analyzed changes in the enzymatic activities of peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione reductase (GR). Two ecotypes, drought-tolerant Youngduk and drought-sensitive Jinju-1 were subjected to drought stress by withholding water for 12 days. ROS accumulation level and electrolytic leakage were significantly increased in both A. hirta ecotypes by drought stress treatment but less in Youngduk than Jinju-1. The RWC significantly decreased in both the drought stress-treated ecotypes as compared to control, but less in Youngduk than Jinju-1. Soluble sugar and protein content were increased more in drought stress-treated Youngduk as compared to Jinju-1. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, POD, APX, and GR increased significantly in both the drought stress-treated ecotypes Youngduk and Jinju-1 as compared to control. The increase in antioxidant enzyme activity level was more prominent in drought stress-treated Youngduk as compared to Jinju-1. Taken together, these results suggest that Youngduk was more tolerant to drought stress than Jinju-1, and seem to indicate that tolerance of A. hirta to drought stress is associated with increased activity of antioxidant enzymes.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.189-195
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• 1997

보리 유묘기의 수분스트레스가 생장 및 생리적 반응에 미치는 영향과 품종간 차이를 밝히고자 밀양 1002, 올보리, 두루보리, 백동 및 향맥을 공시하여 수행하였다. 공시종자를 폿트에 파종하여 발아 후 10일이 경과한 다음 단수처리를 10일간 한후 다시 관수하여 40시간 및 88시간에 초장, 건물 중, 엽록소함량 및 유리 proline함량을 조사하였다. 또한 발아 후 10일된 유묘를 P.E.G.로-20bar가 되도록 조정한 용액에 48시간 처리한 후 다시 재 관수하여 48시간 후에 엽록소함량, 잎의 수분포텐셜 및 유리 proline함량을 조사하였다. 1. 초장과 건물중은 10일간의 단수처리에 의하여 현저하게 감소하였는데 5 품종의 평균으로 보면 초장보다는 건물중의 감소가 심하였고, 백동과 향맥이 밀양 1002, 올보리 및 두루보리보다 감소 정도가 심하였다. 2. 엽록소함량 및 잎의 수분포텐셜은 10일간의 단수처리에 의하여 현저하게 감소하였으나, 재관수 후에 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 유리 proline 함량은 단수처리 종료시에 함량이 증가하였다가 재 관수 후에 낮아지는 경향을 나타내었다. 생존율은 재 관수후 40시간에는 42%를, 88시간 후에는 14%를 나타내었다. 3. 단수처리에 의한 한해유발처리 종료시의 엽록소와 유리 proline 함량의 변화, 잎의 생존율 및 건물중 감소율을 근거로 한 품종들의 내한성을 보면 공시품종내에서는 겉보리(밀양 1002, 올보리, 두루보리)＞쌀보리(백동)＞맥주보리(향맥)의 순이었으며, 겉보리 품종간에는 뚜렷한 차이가 없었다. 4. P.E.G. 용액 (Ψ$\pi$=-20bar)으로 조정 한 48시간의 한해유발처리의 결과는 엽록소함량, 일의 수분포텐셜 및 유리 proline함량 모두 10일간단수처리 한 결과와 일양성을 나타내었다. 품종간에는 백동과 향맥이 수분스트레스시의 증가 및 관수시의 멸소반응이 모두 둔하여 수분환경적응성이 낮은 경향이었다.

• 의학교육논단
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.146-152
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• 2020

Hospice and palliative care (HPC) education is an essential component of undergraduate medical education. Since February 4th, 2018, withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment at the end of life (EOL) has been permitted in Korea as put forth by law, the "Act on Hospice and Palliative Care and Decisions on Life-Sustaining Treatment for Patients at the End of Life." Therefore, Korean medical schools have faced a challenge in providing comprehensive HPC education in order to better prepare medical students to be competent physicians in fulfilling their role in caring for patients at the EOL. There have been considerable variations in the evolution and organization of HPC education across Korean medical schools for the past 20 years. In 2016, all medical schools taught HPC curriculum as a separate course or integrated courses, with the most frequently taught topics including: delivering bad news, pain management, and the concept of palliative medicine. However, the content, time allocation, learning format, and clinical skills practice training of HPC education have been insufficient, inconsistent, and diverse. For this reason, we propose a HPC curriculum containing seven domains with 60 learning objectives in a course duration of over 20 hours based on the Palliative Education Assessment Tool (PEAT) as standard HPC curriculum. Furthermore, we recommend development of a national curriculum for HPC/EOL care education to be organized by the HPC board and managed under the accreditation criteria of the Korea Institute of Medical Education and Evaluation.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.264-273
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• 2007

In order to examine the cross-tolerance of two chilling-tolerant cultivars (Donganbyeo and Heukhyangbyeo) and two chilling-susceptible cultivars (Hyangmibyeo and Taekbaekbyeo) to salt, paraquat, and drought, changes of physiological response and antioxidant enzymes were investigated. The seedlings were grown in a growth chamber until the 4-leaf stage. The seedlings were exposed to chilling at $5^{\circ}C$ for 3 days. For drought treatment, the seedlings were subjected to drought by withholding water from plants for 5 days. For paraquat study, plants were sprayed with $300{\mu}M$ paraquat. For the salt stress, the seedlings were transferred to the Hoagland's nutrient solution containing 0.6% (w/v) NaCl for 4 days. Chilling-tolerant cultivars showed cross-tolerant to other stresses, salt, paraquat, and drought in physiological parameters, such as leaf injury, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and lipid peroxidation. The baseline levels of antioxidative enzyme activities, catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) activities in chilling-tolerant cultivars were higher than in the chilling-susceptible cultivars. However, there were no differences in ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities between chilling-tolerant and -susceptible cultivars in untreated control. CAT activity in chilling-tolerant cultivars was higher than that in chilling-susceptible cultivars during chilling, salt, and drought treatments, but not during paraquat treatment. However, other antioxidative enzymes, APX, POX, and GR activities showed no significant differences between chilling-tolerant and -susceptible cultivars during chilling, salt, paraquat, and drought treatments. Thus, it was assumed that CAT contribute to cross-tolerance mechanism of chilling, salt, and drought in rice plants.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.198-203
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• 2022

Purpose: To grasp public opinion accurately, we conducted an opinion poll on beliefs and attitudes toward physician-assisted suicide (PAS). Methods: A randomized telephone survey ensuring a representative sample was conducted, 1,007 participants aged 18 years or older (response rate, 9.5%). Results: The main results are as follows: i) 61.1% of participants thought that the current social support system for terminally ill patients and their families is insufficient; ii) 60% of participants did not recognize the term "hospice and palliative care"; iii) 81.7% of participants would not like to receive life-sustaining treatment if there is no possibility of recovery; iv) 58.4% of participants would like to receive hospice and palliative care if they are diagnosed with a terminal illness; v) the priorities for dignified dying were preparing a support system to reduce the burden of care (28.6%), economic support including reduction of medical expenses (26.7%), expansion of hospice and palliative care services (25.4%), and legalization of PAS (13.6%); and vi) 58.3% of participants agreed that the expansion of hospice and palliative care should precede the legalization of PAS. Conclusion: Koreans currently want other efforts, including expansion of hospice and palliative care services, instead of the legalization of PAS.