• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.252-256
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• 2010

'Honong' is a new japonica rice variety developed and registered by the rice breeding team of Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2009. This variety was derived from mutagen MNU (N-methyl-N-nitrosourea) treatment on fertilized egg cells of Unbong31. This variety has about 126 days growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in west-southern coast, Honam and Youngnam plain of Korea. It has 79 cm in culm length and is tolerant to lodging. In reaction to biotic and abiotic stresses, it show resistance to blast, bacterial blight pathogen races from $K_1$ to $K_3$ and stripe virus, but susceptible to other major diseases and insect pests. The milled rice of 'Honong' exhibits translucent, relatively clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium short grain. It has higher amylose content (20.3%) and lower protein content (6.3%), and good palatability of cooked rice compared with Nampyeong. The milled rice yield performance of this variety is about 5.44MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. 'Honong' would be adaptable to west-southern coast, Honam and Youngnam plain of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.443-446
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• 2008

'Gangbaek' is a japonica rice variety developed and registered by the rice breeding team of Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2006. 'Gangbaek' was derived from a cross between 'Suweon345' with good grain quality and 'DV85' resistant to bacterial blight, $K_{3a}$. $F_1$ plants were grown in the greenhouse in winter of 1992/1993 and backcrossed with 'Suweon345' as the recurrent parent. Plants resistant to $K_{3a}$ race of bacterial blight (BB) were selected from $BC_1F_1$ to $BC_4F_1$ and used as parents in the backcrossing processes. This variety has about 120 days growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in west-southern coast and Honam plain of Korea. It is about 69 cm in culm length and tolerance to lodging. In reaction to biotic and abiotic stresses, it shows moderately resistance to blast, and resistance to bacterial blight pathogen, $K_1$, $K_2$, $K_3$ and $K_{3a}$, but susceptible to other major diseases and insect pests. The milled rice of 'Gangbaek' exhibits translucent, relatively clear non-glutinous endosperm and midium short grain. It has lower amylose content of 18.6% and protein content of 6.4% compared with 'Nampyeongbyeo'. The milled rice yield performance of this variety is about 5.28 MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. This cultivar would be adaptable to the bacterial blight-prone area in the south-western coastal and Honam plain of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.649-653
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• 2010

'Dacheong', a new japonica rice variety developed from a cross between Iksan450 having a good eating-quality and multi-disease resistance, and YR21258-GH3 having insect resistance, was developed by the rice breeding team of Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2008. This variety has about 125 days growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in west-southern coast, Honam and Youngnam plain of Korea. It has 87 cm culm length and tolerance to lodging. In reaction to biotic and abiotic stresses, it shows resistance to blast, bacterial blight pathogen races from $K_1\;to\;K_3$, stripe virus and brown plant hopper. The milled rice of 'Dacheong' exhibits translucent, relatively clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium short grain. It has slightly lower amylose content of 18.8% and lower protein content of 5.7%, and good palatability of cooked rice compared with Nampyeongbyeo. The milled rice yield performance of this variety is about 5.91 MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. 'Dacheong' would be adaptable to west-southern coast, Honam and Youngnam plain of Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 2009

This study was to optimize the harvest time of several winter cereal forage crops. Barley, rye, oat, triticale and wheat were evaluated for the quantity and quality of hay and silage at four different harvesting stages, including heading, 10 days after heading (DAH), 20 DAH and 30 DAH. Barley and wheat harvested at 20 DAH, and oat and triticale at 30 DAH showed maximum dry matter yield. Crude protein content of barley, wheat, triticale and oat decreased significantly with advancing crop maturity. Mean crude protein content was the highest in rye and the lowest in oat. The NDF and ADF content of barley, wheat, triticale and oat decreased with late harvest, while rye increased. Maximum total digestible nutrients (TDN) content was recorded in barley and wheat harvested at 20 DAH, in triticale and oat at 30 DAH, and in rye at heading. The maximum TDN content of silage, 66.98%, was recorded in barley, followed by wheat, triticale, oat and rye. However, The crude protein, NDF and ADF of silage was 1 to 4 times higher than those of hay. In this study, barley harvested at 20-25 DAH, wheat and triticale at 30 DAH, and rye at heading provided a good compromise between dry matter yield and forage quality. At this stage, a sufficient quantity of fodder with moderate forage quality was obtained.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.187-192
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the incorporation effect of green manure crops (GMC) such as the hairy vetch on improvement of soil environment in reclaimed land during silage corn cultivation over the past two years. Plots consisted of conventional fertilization (CF) and incorporation of GMC were divided by addition rate of nitrogen fertilizer (100 kg $ha^{-1}$) with 30 - 100% of non nitrogen fertilization (NNF). Soil physico-chemical properties and growth and yield potential of silage corn were examined. The tested soils showed strong alkali and saline properties with low contents of organic matter and available phosphate while contents of exchangeable sodium and magnesium were high. Soil salinity increased during cultivation of summer crop. However, corn was not affected by salt content. The fresh weight of GMC at incorporation time was 18,345 kg $ha^{-1}$. Content of total nitrogen was 3.09% and the C/N ratio was 12.8 at incorporation time. Fresh and dry matter yield of silage corn were higher in the order of N30% reduction, CF, N50% reduction, N70% reduction, N100% reduction and NNF. Fresh and dry matter yield potential of silage corn for N30% reduction were comparable to those of CF. Bulk density of the soil decreased with incorporation of GMC, while porosity was increased. The soil pH decreased while content of exchangeable calcium, available phosphate, and organic matter increased. Also contents of exchangeable sodium and potassium decreased with incorporation of GMC. The data indicate that incorporation of hairy vetch can improve soil physical and chemical properties and reduce nitrogen fertilizer application especially for alkali saline reclaimed soil such as Saemangeum reclaimed land.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.157-160
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• 2011

This study was conducted to find a method using the application of rice bran and mixed expeller cake at machine transplanting rice paddy field. Different ratios of rice bran and mixed expeller cake were sprayed as substitute of chemical fertilizer (nitrogen 90kg $ha^{-1}$) before transplanting. Nitrogen content was highest in 30th day after transplantation, and in relation to treatments the order was the following: Rice bran 1,000kg $ha^{-1}$ + Mixed expeller cake 1,374kg $ha^{-1}$ > rice bran 2,000kg $ha^{-1}$ + Mixed expeller cake 948kg $ha^{-1}$ > rice bran 3,000kg $ha^{-1}$ + Mixed expeller cake 522kg $ha^{-1}$. Number of panicle and spikelets per $m^{-2}$ was higher in rice bran 1,000kg $ha^{-1}$ + Mixed expeller cake 1,374kg $ha^{-1}$ and rice bran 2,000kg $ha^{-1}$ + Mixed expeller cake 948kg $ha^{-1}$ than in rice bran 3,000kg $ha^{-1}$ + Mixed expeller cake 522kg $ha^{-1}$ and the yields was the highest in rice bran 1,000kg $ha^{-1}$ + Mixed expeller cake 1,374kg $ha^{-1}$.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.391-398
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• 2011

Physiological responses to salinity stress were evaluated in six rice genotypes differing in their tolerance to salinity at the seedling stage. Susceptible genotypes ('Dongjingbyeo', 'Hwayeongbyeo', and 'IR29') showed salt injury symptoms (mean 8.8) and higher visual score under salt stress than that of tolerant ones ('Pokkali', 'IR74009', and 'IR73571'). As salinity affects growth and physiological parameters, the six genotypes thus showed significant reduction because of salt stress. Tolerant Japonica/Indica bred lines ('IR74009', 'IR73571') showed lower reduction, 33.9%, 34.5%, and 50%, respectively, in plant seedling height, dry shoot weight and dry root weight than those of the susceptible Japonica varieties ('Dongjingbyeo', 'Hwayeongbyeo'), and the highest reduction under salt stress was observed in dry root weight, followed by dry shoot weight and seedling height, respectively. Shoot $Na^+$ concentration of IR74099 and IR73571 was lower than that of the susceptible varieties, 'Dongjinbyeo' and 'Hwayeongbyeo'. There were no significant differences among genotypes in root $Na^+$ concentration. Shoot $K^+$ concentration showed a reverse tendency compared to shoot $Na^+$ concentration. IR74009 and IR73571 had considerably lower ratio compared to 'Dongjinbyeo' and 'Hwayeongbyeo' in $Na^+/K^+$ ratio of their shoot and was not different the tolerant check, 'Pokkali'.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.439-447
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• 2010

Riptortus clavatus, one of the many insects in major crops, damages pods and seeds, which reduces seed vigor and viability in soybeans. This study was conducted to examine the effect of diversely damaged seeds by R. clavatus on seed germination and seedling emergence and to determine the association of damaged seed with quality and yield of soybean sprouts. All seeds damaged by R. clavatus significantly (P<0.05) reduced seed vigor as measured by the rates of seed germination, germination speed, and seedling emergence. Mean seed germination rate of non-damaged seeds in sprout-soybean varieties was 97.8%, whereas the rates of seeds damaged at different levels, 31-50% and 51-80%, were 23.0 and 5.4%, respectively. The rates of seedling rot and abnormal, incomplete germination significantly (P<0.05) increased as the amount of seeds damaged by R. clavatus increased to 5, 10 and 15% against the total seeds for sprout production. Yield of soybean sprouts from seeds damaged at different levels decreased up to 13% as compared to that in normal seeds. In customer preferences on soybean sprout produce, 84% of customers participated in survey preferred to purchase sprouts from seeds with 5% of damaged seeds, but sprouts produced from seeds with 15% of damaged seeds were intended to purchase only by 22% of the customers. Areas of the seed damaged by R. clavatus were readily infected by pathogens as the seed germinated, resulted in deteriorated quality and reduced yield of sprout produce.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.521-525
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• 2014

This study was conducted in the central northern area that has a smaller production of winter forage crop compared to the southern areas, in order to identify the optimal mix of seeding, mix ratio and seeding method. The results showed that among the mixed seeding of triticale and crimson clover, the mix of triticale+crimson clover, mixing ratio is 8:2 (w/w), had the largest dry weight of 1,462 kg/10a, which was more than either single seeding of triticale or crimson clover. Although there were no total quantity differences between different mix ratios, there were differences in quantity between sowing types with broadcasting seeding is more than in narrow strips seeding. In forage value of mixed seeding combination, crude protein contents in single seeding of crimson clover showed the highest value at 17.2%, and in single seed of triticale showed the lowest at 7.4%. In mixed seeding combination the crude protein contents were highest in triticale+crimson clover, mixing ratio is 7:3 (w/w), at 9.0%. The mixed seeding between triticlale and legume crops will helpful for increasing forage value.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.549-553
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• 2011

'Jungmo 1012', a new japonica rice intermediate parent developed from a cross between 'Sambaegbyeo' having a good eating-quality and lodging resistance, and 'Ou329', was developed by the rice breeding team of Sangju Substation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration in 2010. This variety has about 120 days growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in southern mid-mountainous area of Korea. It has 78 cm culm length and tolerance to lodging. In reaction to biotic and abiotic stresses, it shows strong resistance to blast and viviparous germination, but is susceptible to bacterial blight, virus diseases, and insect pests. The milled rice of 'Jungmo 1012' exhibit translucent, relatively clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium short grain. It has a little lower amylose content of 18.2%, and higher protein content of 6.3%, and good palatability of cooked rice compared with 'Odaebyeo'. The milled rice yield performance of this variety is about 5.55 MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. 'Jungmo 1012' will be adaptable to southern mid-mountainous of South Korea.