• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.45-60
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• 2002

This research is the second attempt to illustrate the phases of ancient Korean architecture through a comparative study of historical materials such as historical ruins, relics, stone remains and art products. Among these the stone stupa (budo), contains many architectural aspects of old times, which give clues to trace the characteristics of the antient Korean structures. The study brings about following results: 1. The pillar employs an entasis technique, and the bracket system (gongpo) consists of cross beams (changbang) and small supporting blocks (soro) thereupon. A type of the bracket arm (chomcha) is also found on top of the pillar. 2. Windows and doors are assumed from the carved features on the stone stupa to be pair-doors which could be folded twice sideways and upwards. 3. There are two types of eaves; the single eaves and the double eaves consisting of a rafter and a flying rafter. 4. The roof has furrows formed by the concave tiles and the convex ones and also the tiles at the edge of eaves. And there are evidences that a variety of small images of animal and human figures were decorated along on top of the eaves.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.163-171
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to analyze the characteristics of traditionality expressions at modernized Chinese restaurant in Hong Kong. As a case study, the study examined 12 modernized Chinese restaurants in Hong Kong. The gathered data were categorized and examined according to the ways of traditionality expressions, which included reproduction, transformation, and reinterpretation of traditional components. Each of the components was measured for the amount of traditional or modernity expression on a five-point scale. The five-point scoring system put an emphasis on heritage; 1 point was given to principal modernity(modernity: 90-100% + tradition: 0-10%), 2 points were given to principal modernity + auxiliary tradition(modernity: 70-90% + tradition: 10-30%), 3 points were given to the same ratio between tradition and modernity(modernity: 40-60% + tradition: 40-60%), 4 points were given to principal tradition + auxiliary modernity(modernity: 10-30% + tradition: 70-90%), and 5 points were given to principal tradition(modernity: 0-10% + tradition: 90-100%). The analysis performed according to those criteria and methodologies led to the following findings and conclusions: Traditional components were most reproduced in the ornaments placed all over the restaurant and applied to the chirography of the restaurant logos, walls, and windows/doors in a big number. The methodology of transforming tradition was evenly applied to each of the spatial components. With the most transformations occurring to the lattices, there were many different ways to transform tradition including the partition, chirography, pattern, red lantern, furniture and ornament, and traditional materials that were turned into modern ones. Few examples of reinterpreting tradition were observed in the restaurant titles, inside floors, and ceilings, but plenty of examples were found in the walls, windows/doors, lighting, and furniture in a range of ways. Most of them reinterpreted the traditional forms and added altered patterns to them to remind customers of tradition. In short, all of the three ways of expressing tradition were actively applied to each component in an array of ways.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.64-72
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze the flexible system in a typological way that develops and promotes the various methods of flexible system. The main method of this study was literature review and content analysis on various flexible systems and a case study of flexible housing. The flexible system in this typological analysis was classified into two categories: 'Elements of Flexibility' and 'Variation'. The category of Flexibility Elements was categorized into 'Primary Elements'(e.g., walls, floors, and ceilings),'Secondary Elements'(e.g., doors, windows, and furniture), and 'Tertiary Elements'(e.g., lighting, hues and finishing materials). Variation Effect was classified into 'Visual Variation', 'AppBicative Variation', and 'Layout Variation'. Also, Variation could be classified into 'Finish-centered', 'Application-centered', and 'Layout-centered' The flexible system developed in this study is a basis for further concrete flexible methods.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2014년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.107-108
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• 2014

The rural area has aged and depressed for urban area in Korea. Furthermore, the rural house has deteriorated and is vulnerable to disaster which collapse, fire, landslide, and so on. For this matter, it need to an evaluated system for deteriorated level of rural house. The evaluated system has a repairing method and an estimated cost for rural house to offer native in rural area. This study could draw evaluation factor for deteriorated level of rural house as a basic study for the evaluated system. The evaluation factors is compared the Korean housing performance grade indication system, the Korean green building certification criteria, and the Japanese housing performance indication system. As a result, they could eight types. There are a mothproof, an waterproof, a finishing material, an asbestos cement slate of roofing, a mobility right, an opening and closing of doors and windows, an indoor environment.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.18-32
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• 1992

The Palaces of Chosen dynasty in Seoul had lost its original features. The external appearance of the buildings that remains in palace nowadays, have got former conditions, but its enteriors are reconstructed or removed So we have a little knowledge of interiors of palace buildings, expecially of the door and window system. To clear up ambiguity of what kinds of door are selected, and sorts of using methods are prevailed, we must persuit from the latest building to the older building, and compare with documents. For that purpose the Chukchodang of Toksu palace is selected, which reconstructed in 1904, and compared with the document published in 1906. The consequence of investigation is that the palace buildings were adopted double or triple window system, and the main room have buffer zones, such as corridors or small rooms. And the main rooms were facing with wall paper, so metal fittings are hidden and wooden surfaces are hardly expose for the purpose of amenity.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제23호
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• pp.68-73
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• 2000

The purpose of this research is to develop interior construction cost-estimating system at the early stage of the project. Though general construction estimates are typically in quantitative, interior construction should be in rather qualitative. Therefore, design-concerned cost-estimating methods should be developed to manage interior projects from the early statge. 30 estimates of VIP-Zone interior projects, were examined to develop the general type of composition and material classification. The cost has been classified by construction parts such as wall, ceiling, floor, and doors & windows and their treatments. The composition and material related estimating system (CMRES) was consisted of the unit average costs of classification and the variation coefficients. The CMRESS was verified by the case study, and the results sowed that the difference between the actual estimate and the CMRES was competitively confident.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2015년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.95-96
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• 2015

This paper aims to identify patterns in users' requests for facility management (FM) services in higher education facilities. We analyzed data collected from 309 service request forms, made available via a department office and an enterprise resource planning system, at a private university in Seoul between May 2009 and February 2015. We found that the number of user requests were the highest in September and October. Requests for electronic and communication (E/C) services outnumbered those for architectural services and mechanical and plumbing (M/P) services. Repair requests for doors and windows were the most common under architectural services; repairs for air-conditioners and radiators were the most commonly under M/P services; and installation of electrical outlets, telephone wires, and internet services were the most sought-after E/C services. Maintenance requests were received every three months, while repair requests were received every six or seven months.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.815-827
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• 2014

Buckling optimization of laminated composite plates is significant as they fail because of buckling under in-plane compressive loading. The plate is usually modeled without cutout so that the buckling strength is found analytically using classical laminate plate theory (CLPT). However in real world applications, the composite plates are modeled with cutouts for getting them assembled and to offer the provisions like windows, doors and control system. Finite element analysis (FEA) is used to analyze the buckling strength of the plate with cutouts and it leads to high computational cost when the plate is optimized. In this article, a genetic algorithm based optimization technique is used to optimize the composite plate with cutout. The computational time is highly reduced by replacing FEA with artificial neural network (ANN). The effectiveness of the proposed method is explored with two numerical examples.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2002

In order to satisfy the requirements of time reduction and cost saving for development of electronic control systems(ECU) in automotive industry, the applications of a standardized real-time operating system(RTOS) and a communication protocol to ECUs are increased. In this study, a body control module(BCM) that employs OSEK/VDX(open system and corresponding interfaces for automotive electronics/vehicle distributed executive) OS tour the RTOS and a controller area network(CAN) fur the communication protocol is designed, and the performances of the system are evaluated. The BCM controls doors, mirrors, and windows of the vehicle through the in-vehicle network. To identify all the transmitted and received control messages, a PC connected with the CAN communication protocol behaves as a CAN bus emulator. The control system based upon in-vehicle network improves the system stability and reduces the number of wiring harness. Furthermore it is easy to maintain and simple to add new features because the system is designed based on the standards of RTOS and communication protocol.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.123-132
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• 1998

This paper is a part of "The Study of the Traditionla Korean Ethnic Farmhousing in Yanbian, China" The purpose of this study is to investigate the facilities and equipments of the traditional farmhouse in the villages of Lungching China. The data is collected from 124 households in the villages based on the survey conducted using questionnaire and photograph. The major findings are: 1) The people in farmhouse use wood as a fuel for cooking and the method of cooking is traditional style using their iron pots. 2) Heating system of the house is ondol type of heating using. wood which is also traditional type. This means that the floor heating of the house and cooking food can be carried out simultaneously. 3) Even though pump system and running water system are the two kinds of water supply that are available in the villages, majority of people use pump system. Many houses have no drainage facilities but few houses have got bad drainage system. 4) From the planning stage of the farm house facilities and equipments for ventilation is not considered and hence it is not provided in most of the houses. 5) Farmhouses are oriented to the south and the windows and the doors are covered either with viny1 or cloth during winter time effecting the lighting system of the house. 6)Many of the houses use incandescent lights. But the switchs and the electric Outlets are short in number. 7) Sanitation facilities are worst equipped compared to other facilities present in Lungching villages of China. of China.