• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한원격탐사학회 2002년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
• /
• pp.615-620
• /
• 2002

Probability distribution of the sea surface slope is estimated using sun glitter images derived from visible radiometer on Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS) and surface vector winds observed by spaceborne scatterometers. The brightness of the visible images is converted to the probability of wave surfaces which reflect the sunlight toward GMS in grids of 0.25 deg $\times$ 0.25 deg. Slope and azimuth angle required for the reflection of the sun's ray toward GMS are calculated for each grid from the geometry of GMS observation and location of the sun. The GMS images are then collocated with surface wind data observed by three scatterometers. Using the collocated data set of about 30 million points obtained in a period of 4 years from 1995 to 1999, probability distribution function of the surface slope is estimated as a function of wind speed and azimuth angle relative to the wind direction. Results are compared with those of Cox and Munk (1954a, b). Surface slope estimated by the present method shows narrower distribution and much less directivity relative to the wind direction than that reported by Cox and Munk. It is expected that their data were obtained under conditions of growing wind waves. In general, wind waves are not always developing, and slope distribution might differ from the results of Cox and Munk. Most of our data are obtained in the subtropical seas under clear-sky conditions. This difference of the conditions may be the reason for the difference of slope distribution.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.367-376
• /
• 2015

The momentum and kinetic turbulent energy carried by the wind to a stratified lake lead to basin-scale motions, which provide a major driving force for vertical and horizontal mixing. A three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic model was applied to Lake Tahoe, located between California and Nevada, USA, to simulate the dominant basin-scale internal waves in the deep lake. The results demonstrated that the model well represents the temporal and vertical variations of water temperature that allows the internal waves to be energized correctly at the basin scale. Both the model and thermistor chain (TC) data identified the presence of Kelvin modes and Poincare mode internal waves. The lake was weakly stratified during the study period, and produced large amplitude (up to 60 m) of internal oscillations after several wind events and partial upwelling near the southwestern lake. The partial upwelling and followed coastal jets could be an important feature of basin-scale internal waves because they can cause re-suspension and horizontal transport of fine particles from nearshore to offshore. The internal wave dynamics can be also associated with the distributions of water quality variables such as dissolved oxygen and nutrients in the lake. Thus, the basin-scale internal waves and horizontal circulation processes need to be accurately modeled for the correct simulation of the dissolved and particulate contaminants, and biogeochemical processes in the lake.

• 해양환경안전학회지
• /
• 제27권6호
• /
• pp.846-855
• /
• 2021

최근 친환경, 신재생 에너지 수요에 따라서 해상풍력발전 분야는 빠른 성장세와 설비의 대형화에 따른 전용설치선박의 관련 기술개발이 요구되고 있다. 해상풍력설치선박(WTIV: Wind Turbine Installation Vessel)은 설치 작업 시 선체를 파도의 영향을 받지 않는 높이로 이동시키고 모든 환경하중은 레그가 담당한다. 특히 파랑하중은 불규칙파로 구성되어 있기 때문에, 정확한 동적응답특성을 파악하는 것은 아주 중요한 문제이다. 이러한 동적응답해석은 간이법의 하나인 단자유도법을 널리 활용하고 있으나, 불규칙 파를 고려하지 못하는 제약조건이 있다. 따라서 현재 설계 시 불규칙 파에 대한 시간영역 계산이 가능한 다자유도 계산법을 사용하고 있다. 그러나 다자유도 계산법에서 시간영역 해석은 정도 높은 계산 결과를 제공하지만, 데이터의 수렴도가 민감하고 복잡성에 있어 설계 시 어려움이 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 다양한 변수를 기준으로 한 시간영역 해석을 통하여 불규칙 파의 동적응답 특성을 표현 할 수 있는 동적증폭계수 추정식을 개발하였다. 기존 다자유도 모델 대비 계산시간 단축 및 정확도 확보를 확인하였다. 개발된 동적증폭계수 추정식은 WTIV 및 유사 구조물 설계에 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제11권9호
• /
• pp.865-880
• /
• 2002

As prevailing synoptic scale westerly wind blowing over high steep Mt. Taegulyang in the west of Kangnung coastal city toward the Sea of Japan became downslope wind and easterly upslope wind combined with both valley wind and sea breeze(valley-sea breeze) also blew from the sea toward the top of the mountain, two different kinds of wind regimes confronted each other in the mid of eastern slope of the mountain and further downward motion of downlsope wind along the eastern slope of the mountain should be prohibited by the upslope wind. Then, the upslope wind away from the eastern slope of the mountain went up to 1700m height over the ground, becoming an easterly return flow in the upper level of the sea. Two kinds of circulations were detected with a small one in the coastal sea and a large one from the coast toward the open sea. Convective boundary layer was developed with a thickness of about 1km over the ground in the upwind side of the mountain in the west, while a thickness of thermal internal boundary layer(TIBL) form the coast along the eastern slope of the mountain was only confined to less than 200m. After sunset, under no prohibition of upslope wind, westerly downslope wind blew from the top of the mountain toward the coastal basin and the downslope wind should be intensified by both mountain wind and land breeze(mountain-land breeze) induced by nighttime radiative cooling of the ground surfaces, resulting in the formation of downslope wind storm. The wind storm caused the development of internal gravity waves with hydraulic jump motion bounding up toward the upper level of the sea in the coastal plain and relatively moderate wind on the sea.

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2007

While a typhoon is traveling, characteristics of its wind fields are continuously changing, producing severe changes in local water level and wave conditions, especially, when a typhoon comes into shallow water. However, there have not been many studies related to local typhoon effects, especially, considering real time changes of wind direction related to the coastal topography. In the study, the characteristics of the wind field by typhoon and topographical characteristics in shallow water are considered, as well as conditions of wave climate estimation. These are performed by the SWAN (Simulating waves nearshore) model, in order to estimate the growth of wave energy due to the wind field. It can be strongly suggested that the wave energy of theof an inner bay should be estimated when the direction of the bay entrance and the wind direction of the typhoon are identical. The result of the numerical calculations is in better agreement with the observed data than the result of the conventional estimation techniques.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.14-20
• /
• 1995

Alfven 파에 의한32 Cyg의 항성풍에서 감쇄길이가 미치는 영향을 보기 위해 감쇄길이를 달리 주어 항성풍의 속도분포를 구하였다. 감쇄길이와 초거성 반경의 비가 $\lambda$ = 0.9, 1.0, 5.0을 갖는 모형과 감쇄길이가 거리에 따라 선형적으로 증가하는 모형의 4가지 경우를 비교하였다. 항성풍의 속도에 영향 미치는 것온 주로 Alfven 파에 의한 힘이고 중력과 압력에 의한 효과는 작았으며, 션형함수척인 감쇄길이 모형에셔논 별 가까이에서 감쇄길이가 짧기 때문에 일정한 감쇄길이 모형보다 급속히 속도가 증가함을 보였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.41-51
• /
• 2005

Using three-dimensional non-hydrostatical numerical model with one way double nesting technique, atmo­spheric circulation in the mountainous coastal region in summer was investigated from August 13 through 15, 1995. During the day, synoptic westerly wind blows over Mt. Mishrung in the west of a coastal city, Sokcho toward the East Sea, while simultaneously, easterly upslope wind combined with both valley wind from plain (coast) toward mountain and sea-breeze from sea toward inland coast blows toward the top of the mountain. Two different directional wind systems confront each other in the mid of eastern slope of the mountain and the upslope wind goes up to the height over 2 km, becoming an easterly return flow in the upper level over the sea and making sea-breeze front with two kinds of sea-breeze circulations of a small one in the coast and a large one in the open sea. Convective boundary layer is developed with a thickness of about 1km over the ground in the upwind side of the mountain in the west and a thickness of thermal internal boundary layer from the coast along the eastern slope of the mountain is only confined to less than 200 m. On the other hand, after sunset, no prohibition of upslope wind generated during the day and downward wind combined with mountain wind from mountain towardplain and land-breeze from land toward under nocturnal radiative cooling of the ground surfaces should intensify westerly downslope wind, resulting in the formation of wind storm. As the wind storm moving down along the eastern slop causes the development of internal gravity waves with hydraulic jump motion in the coast, bounding up toward the upper level of the coastal sea, atmospheric circulation with both onshore and offshore winds like sea-breeze circulation forms in the coastal sea within 70 km until midnight and after that, westerly wind prevails in the coast and open seas.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.168-174
• /
• 2015

우리나라 서해안 다섯 개 관측점에서 취득된 파랑자료를 분석하여 겨울철 서해에서 발생한 고파의 특성을 분석하였다. 고파가 발생하였던 네 시기를 선별하여 그 기간 동안의 파랑 및 기상자료를 함께 분석에 이용하였다. 이들 관측 기간 중 유의파고의 최대값은 2005년 12월 4일에 관측된 6.42 m였다. 분석 결과로부터 온대성저기압이 급속하게 발달할 때 서해상에 형성되는 강한 바람장에 의해 고파가 발생함을 확인하였다. 파랑 관측점에서의 파고의 시간적 변화는 인근 기상관측점에서의 풍속의 시간적 변화와 밀접한 관련을 나타냈으며, 이는 서해상에서 생성된 고파가 풍파의 성격이 지배적임을 나타낸다.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
• /
• 제1권4호
• /
• pp.285-296
• /
• 2011

Spar platforms have several advantages for deploying wind turbines in offshore for depth beyond 120 m. The merit of spar platform is large range of topside payloads, favourable motions compared to other floating structures and minimum hull/deck interface. The main objective of this paper is to present the response analysis of the slack moored spar platform supporting 5MW wind turbine with bottom keel plates in regular and random waves, studied experimentally and numerically. A 1:100 scale model of the spar with sparD, sparCD and sparSD configuration was studied in the wave basin ($30{\times}30{\times}3m$) in Ocean engineering department in IIT Madras. In present study the effect of wind loading, blade dynamics and control, and tower elasticity are not considered. This paper presents the details of the studies carried out on a 16 m diameter and 100 m long spar buoy supporting a 90 m tall 5 MW wind turbine with 3600 kN weight of Nacelle and Rotor and 3500 kN weight of tower. The weight of the ballast and the draft of the spar are adjusted in such a way to keep the centre of gravity below the centre of buoyancy. The mooring lines are divided into four groups, each of which has four lines. The studies were carried out in regular and random waves. The operational significant wave height of 2.5 m and 10 s wave period and survival significant wave height of 6 m and 18 s wave period in 300 m water depth are considered. The wind speed corresponding to the operational wave height is about 22 knots and this wind speed is considered to be operating wind speed for turbines. The heave and surge accelerations at the top of spar platform were measured and are used for calculating the response. The geometric modeling of spar was carried out using Multisurf and this was directly exported to WAMIT for subsequent hydrodynamic and mooring system analysis. The numerical results were compared with experimental results and the comparison was found to be good. Parametric study was carried out to find out the effect of shape, size and spacing of keel plate and from the results obtained from present work ,it is recommended to use circular keel plate instead of square plate.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.173-193
• /
• 2023

Reliable prediction of the motion of FOWT (floating offshore wind turbine) and associated mooring line tension is important in both design and operation/monitoring processes. In the present study, a 5MW OC4 semisubmersible wind turbine is numerically modeled, simulated, and analyzed by the open-source numerical tool, OpenFAST and in-house numerical tool, Charm3D-FAST. Another commercial-level program FASTv8-OrcaFlex is also introduced for comparison for selected cases. The three simulation programs solve the same turbine-floater-mooring coupled dynamics in time domain while there exist minor differences in the details of the program. Both the motions and mooring-line tensions are calculated and compared with the DeepCWind 1/50 scale model-testing results. The system identification between the numerical and physical models is checked through the static-offset test and free-decay test. Then the system motions and mooring tensions are systematically compared among the simulated results and measured values. Reasonably good agreements between the simulation and measurement are demonstrated for (i) white-noise random waves, (ii) typical random waves, and (iii) typical random waves with steady wind. Based on the comparison between numerical results and experimental data, the relative importance and role of the differences in the numerical methodologies of those three programs can be observed and interpreted. These comparative-study results may provide a certain confidence level and some insight of potential variability in motion and tension predictions for future FOWT designs and applications.