• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.35-45
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is visualizing climate change contents from Weather Research and Forecasting model and providing useful tool to anyone who want to use them for communication and actual movement. As a results, we have built a process and user interface for publishing Arrow KML, BWS KML, and DI KML. Arrow KML provide wind rose service and wind attribute information for each arrow. BWS KML provide a wind power index and DI KML provide a thermal comfort. All KML contents are more reliable because those are visualized from the scientifically verified climate change prediction model. Further study will focus on searching for climate change contents mining and useful contents design for wide range of climate change mitigation/adaptation activity.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.83-91
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• 1983

The purpose of this study is concerned with identification of floral type of commercially available honeys and pollen loads. Ikuse's technique was applied to identify the pollen species of honey and pollen loads. Among six kinds of commercially available honeys in Taegu, Korea i.e. Robinia Honey, Brassica Honey, Castanea Honey, Rhododendron Honey, Lespedeza Honey and Multipant Honey, all honeys contained pollens, which were coincident with their trade names given by the apirists, except Lespedeza Honey. The trade name of imported honeys were not given by the plant, from which pollen material and nectar were collected. Among four kinds of these products, pollen was not identified in Clover Honey. A spectrum of honey products added by pollen loads was, of course, wider than simple honey products. The pollen load showed spectrum of pollens including not only those which are specialized for wind pollination, eq. Pinus species and Gramineae, but also contained for insect pollination, eq. rose and leguminous plants.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 1957

According to know the botanical flora at the Bieyang Island, located in the frone of Jae-Ju-Island toward west and north, the plant list at the island wa investigated in July, 1955. According to the investigation, the following resume is summarized; 1. Bieyand Island is a small volcano that rose from the sea 942 years ago. Nakai Monosing, a Japanese botanist, had reported 72 species of plants on this island in 1913 indicating 22 residential houses at that time. 2. Resulting on the investigation this time, 184 species of plants are collected. This indicates that the additional 112 species of plants should be added to the number of species that Nakai found. 3. This increase of species of plants, might be caused possibly due to carrying by wind, tidal current, bird, and human, during this time being indicating increase of residential houses from 22 in 1913 to 40 in July 1955. 4. Most of the collected plants are sea-coast and meadow plants. Among them, 44 are thellophytes and 90 hemicreptophytes. This indicates dry climate of the island. 5. The most dominant among them is Imperata cylindrica var., Koenigii. 6. This island could be acceptable for growth of island wood plants, we believe.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.209-246
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• 1997

In the literatual study on the Ecthyma, the results were as follows. 1. The pathogenic factors of Ecthyma is divided three parts. One is exogenous pathogenic factors which including the wind evil, wind heat and toxic material produced by wetness evil. Another is endogenous pathogenic factors which including the declination of kidney-yang, impairment of the liver and kidney, the lower classes of yin-fire, accumulation of wetness-heat in the spleen asthenia, impairment of the liver and kidney, wetness-heat of three yang, asthenic heat-syndrome of three yin. The other is pathogenic factors neither endogenous nor exogenous which including the food and living, uncontrol sexual excess, anxiety and angry, injury of skin, injury of insects and animals. 2. Five viscera which was concerned with Ecthyma are liver, spleen and kidney. 3. Frequent region of Ecthyma are S-36(足三里) and C-7(陰交). External Ecthyma was rose to wetness-heat of three yang channel that cured easily. Internal Ecthyma was rose to asthenic heat-syndrome of three yin channel that cured hardly. 4. In the frequency of prescription, the most numerous prescription is Bojungikgitang(補中益氣湯) and the next are Kyukgigo(隔紙膏) and Yukmijihwanghwan(六味地滉丸). 5. In the frequency of medicine, the most medicine is Calomelas(輕粉) which included Hydrargyrum(水銀) and the next are Olibanum(乳香) and Resina Commiphorae Myrrhae(沒藥) which regulating vital energy and pain control medicine used that in order to destroy insects and remove polson. 6. In classification of the medical action, medicine of clearing away summer-heat and heat evil and activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis used to be very busy which in order to remove the disorder of vital energy for virulent heat-evil. 7. In classification of four characters, the most part is warm medicine, the next are cold and cool medicine and there is a few that is hot medicine. 8. In classification of five tastes, the most numerous tastes are bitter and acrid, the next are sweet, salty and sour tastes. 9. In classification of virulence of medicine, the most part is non-toxic, the next are weakly and deadly poison. 10. In classification of channel distribution, the most is the medicine that belongs to liver channel, the next are the lung, spleen, stomach and kidney channel.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.581-588
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• 2019

A long-term trend analysis of cold water masses along eastern coast of South Korea was performed during summer, based on wind speed, wind direction, and sea surface temperature (SST) data. Wind data collected over a 22-year period (1997-2011) were compared with another set of data collected over the successive 7-year (2012-2018), highlighting a general decrease in the frequency and speed of south winds. However, both the frequency and speed of these winds have been higher in June between 2012-2018, rather than between 1997-2011. The cold water season between July and August was faster during the 7-year period; moreover, the SSTs registered around Gangneung (EN) rose by $0.5^{\circ}C- 1.8^{\circ}C$, while those around Yeongdeok (EC) and Gijang (ES) increased by only $0.1^{\circ}C-0.3^{\circ}C$. The number of cold water days during the 7-year period, compared to those recorded during previous years (1990-2011, satellite SST data by NOAA/AVHRR), decreased in the proximity of Yeongdeok and Gijang, but increased in the proximity of Kangneung. Additionally, the number of cold water days around Kangneung, Yeongdeok, and Gijang increased in June highlighting a geographical and temporal change in the occurrence of cold waters. These observation can be explained by variations in the pressure distribution that should have weakened the East Asian monsoon, affecting the direction and speed of winds that regulate the flow of cold waters.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.23-32
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• 2016

Today the issue of deterioration of industrial complexes that are located close to life space of residents has been raised as a cause of threats to the safety of local communities. In this study, in order to improve the current risk analysis and scope of community notification, simulated threat zones were comparatively analyzed by utilizing the threat zones of alternative accident scenarios and modes of seasonal weather, and the area with a high probability of damage upon the leakage of toxic substances was predicted by examining wind directions observed at each time slot for each season. In addition, limit evacuation time and minimum separation distance to minimize casualties were suggested, and a proposal to enable more reasonable safety measures for on-site workers and nearby residents made by reviewing the risk management plan currently utilized for emergency response.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.259-266
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• 2018

Objectives: Considered the "national fish" in Korea, the walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) has disappeared in the East Sea (Sea of Japan), a main habitat and fishing ground for the species. The reason for the disappearance is still a matter of controversy. This study was performed to investigate the long-term relationship between the walleye pollock catch and various meteorological and oceanographic factors in these waters. Methods: Fishery data on walleye pollock and data on meteorological and marine environmental factors over the 30 years (1981-2010) were obtained from the official national database. Time series analysis and correlation and regression analyses were performed to study the relationships. Results: Both air temperature and sea surface temperature in the East Sea rose over these 30 years, and the latter became more prominent. Salinity and dissolved oxygen showed a tendency to decrease while concentrations of nutrients such as nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen showed an increasing tendency. Sea surface temperature, air temperature, atmospheric pressure, and wind grade were negatively correlated with the catch size of walleye pollock (p<0.05), but salinity was positively correlated (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that climate change, especially ocean warming, affected the habitat of walleye pollock. The results also indicate that lower sea surface and air temperatures, milder wind grade, and higher salinity were preferred for the survival of the fish species. It is necessary to pay attention to changes of the ocean ecosystem in terms of environmental pollution as well as seawater temperature.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.613-626
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• 2023

This study investigates the impact of increased adoption of eco-friendly vehicles on ozone (O₃) concentrations in South Korea, utilizing the community multiscale air quality (CMAQ) model. In the summer of 2017 (June-August), we conducted two experiments: a BASE experiment, representing baseline emissions, and an R_30 experiment, involving a 30% emission reduction due to eco-friendly vehicles. The contrast between these experiments reveals that, while most air pollutants decreased with reduced vehicle emissions, O₃ concentrations surprisingly increased (up to 2.1 parts per billion) across South Korea. A further examination of O₃ concentration changes was conducted by analyzing daytime and nighttime variations as well as wind direction. During the daytime, O₃ concentrations notably rose near metropolitan areas due to reduced O₃ titration (O₃ + NO → O₂ + NO₂) resulting from emission reductions. At nighttime, O₃ concentrations exhibited a greater increase, attributed to the transport of daytime-generated O₃ to rural regions. Notably, the impact of reduced emissions in metropolitan areas on O₃ concentrations in downwind areas varied depending on the prevailing wind direction. These findings highlight that the promotion of eco-friendly vehicles, though effective in lowering certain air pollutants, might not directly influence O₃ concentrations. This study underscores the need to comprehensively understand the complicated chemistry of O₃ to develop effective strategies for air quality management.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2018

Downwash from helicopter rotor blades and external winds from various maneuvering make an unguided rocket change its trajectory and range. For the prediction of the trajectory and range, it is essential to consider the downwash effect. In this study, an algorithm was developed to calculate 6-Degree-Of-Freedom(6 DOF) forces and moments exerting on the rocket, and total flight trajectory of a 2.75-inch unguided rocket in a helicopter downwash flow field. Using Actuator Disk Model(ADM) analysis result, the algorithm could analyze the entire trajectory in various initial launch condition such as launch angle, launch velocity, and external wind. The algorithm that considered the interference between a fuselage and external winds could predict the trajectory change more precisely than inflow model analysis. Using the developed algorithm, the attitude and trajectory change mechanism by the downwash effect were investigated analyzing the effective angle of attack change and characteristics of pitching stability of the unguided rocket. Also, the trajectory and range changes were analyzed by considering the downwash effect with external winds. As a result, it was concluded that the key factors of the rocket range change were downwash area and magnitude which effect on the rocket, and the secondary factors were the dynamic pressure of the rocket and the interference between a fuselage and external winds. In tailwind case which was much influential on the range characteristics than other wind cases, the range of the rocket rose as increasing the tailwind velocity. However, there was a limit that the range of the rocket did not increase more than the specific tailwind velocity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.773-784
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• 2018

In this study, we examined the UA (upwelling age) using wind data of AWS/ASOS in the East Sea coast and the correlation between UA and SST (sea surface temperature) from May to August in 1995 to 2016. The data used the 6 observations of the wind data of AWS/ASOS and the SST data of the COD/RISA provided by the National Institute and Fisheries Science near the East Sea coast. The UA was calculated quantitatively low but it rose when the actual cold water mass occurred. Correlation analysis between UA and SST showed the negative (-) r (correlation coefficient) predominately. At the time of cold-water mass in June to August 2013, the r had a very high negative value of -0.65 to -0.89 in the 6 observations. It proved that as the UA increases, the SST is lower. By knowing the UA, we were able to evaluate the trend of upwelling in the cold-water mass of the East Sea coast in the long term and it will contribute to minimizing the damage to aquatic organisms according to the size and intensity of the upwelling.