• Acta Via Serica
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.91-118
• /
• 2021

China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is China's contribution to the need for the world to collectively address deficits of peace, development, governance, and problems relating to climate, the environment and human health. The rise of China and the BRI do challenge the current 'rules-based global order' and the economic dominance and moral, political, economic, and cultural leadership of the United States and its allies. However, China's goal is not hegemony but a multipolar world in which common values coexist with principles of peaceful coexistence (including non-interference in the internal affairs of sovereign states). The evolution of the BRI is outlined, and the ways in which it reflects Chinese interests are summarized, including its roles in addressing natural resource dependence and excess capacity, a transition from investment promotion and factor-intensive growth to going out and industrial upgrading, going West, and the effective deployment of China's foreign exchange assets. Although China does therefore potentially gain, the BRI is designed so that partners also gain in a quest for win-win co-operation and mutual benefit. The values that underlie this approach and the call for a community with a shared future are compared with competing western values, whose roots lie in Enlightenment thought and are associated with a record of colonialism and imperialism. In this light, the article concludes with a consideration of the global implications of the BRI, the challenges it confronts and the likelihood that the unipolar moment will give way to a multipolar global development path.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.117-125
• /
• 2013

PURPOSES: By conducting the landscape survey that considered landscape factors of the Guide Coating in the Median Barrier that applied of the various level by simulating of the Guide Coating in the Median Barrier on the expressway, they showed the quantitative standard of landscape preference factors that the Guide Coating gives. METHODS: The shape of the Structural Equation Modeling used AMOS program and made a shape that is made of landscape preference for the Guide Coating in the Median Barrier on the expressway a dependent variable. RESULTS: Result in this, they showed that functionality and emotionalism are the factors that affect the landscape preference. CONCLUSIONS: In the main study, not only showing the Guide Coating in the Median Barrier on the expressway landscape valuation but also embodying the Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) of each group, knowing the Guide Coating and unknowing the Guide Coating. By embodying this, they could study that the drivers' quantitative standard is different when the Guide Coating become first applied and being changed after.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.202-217
• /
• 2021

Following the fatal accident of pedestrians caused by Autonomous Vehicle by Uber, the world's largest ride-hailing company, two people were killed in a self-driving car accident by Tesla in April. There is a need to ensure the safety of road users. Accordingly, in order to secure the safety of Autonomous Vehicle driving, it is necessary to evaluate Autonomous Vehicle driving technologies in various situations based on the road and traffic environment in which the Autonomous vehicle will actually drive. Therefore, this study used UC-win/Road ver.14.0 based on general driver's license test questions to present a virtual reality-based Autonomous Vehicles driving ability evaluation tool among various driving ability test method. Based on this, it was intended to test driving ability for unexpected situations in complex and diverse driving environments, and to confirm its practical applicability as an optimal tool for Autonomous vehicle ability test and evaluation.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2007.10a
• /
• pp.361-362
• /
• 2007

This paper presents the Traffic information system that based on an embedded WinCE board which has GPS and HSDPA. This system is able to overcome the limit of area using the Internet service which other systems can't provide. When the embedded board receives data about the geometric and vehicle speed information, it transmits to the server via HSDPA/the Internet. The server receives and processes it for the path services. And also we present the path guidance algorithm which is based on the speed information. These algorithm responses to the dynamical traffic condition through updating traffic information. Especially, we suggest a Traffic Status Variable in each branch which represents each road's traffic status. This Traffic Status Variable contains speed, road grade; we separate the road three groups as speed limitation; and past speed data - for example, week day rush hour of each road. In addition, the data of cross about left-turn or right-turn can update. Those elements is consisted Traffic Status Variable.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.6-9
• /
• 2019

Purpose - This research mainly studied with the promotion of "one belt and one road "initiative's strategy and the construction of China, Japan and South Korea Free Trade Zone, China exports urgently needed industrial products to Japan and South Korea, which will not only help digest excess industrial capacity, optimize China's industrial structure, but also promote the economic development of Japan and South Korea. Research design, data, and Methodology - The study conducted a survey on 2018 year new revision of China-Korea Japan's data. Results -This study shows that In this process, multinational enterprises, as pioneers of economic development, play an irreplaceable role. However, due to the differences between laws of different countries and their own corporate culture concepts, enterprises in different countries will inevitably encounter various conflicts in the process of development. Conclusions -This requires our enterprises to have awareness of legal risk prevention in the process of development, and to study the corporate culture of relevant enterprises to truly achieve win-win cooperation.

• Strategy21
• /
• s.37
• /
• pp.177-192
• /
• 2015

The Chinese government portrays the One Belt One Road Initiative (BRI) and South Korea President Park Geun-hae's Eurasia Initiative as a win-win opportunity which will hurt nobody's interests, but some South Korean commentators have interpreted it as much more than just a trade and development deal: they focus on the geopolitical implications and the possibility that the balance of power in Asia will be disturbed. South Korea depends upon its maritime-oriented Sea Lanes of Communication (SLOC) in focusing on its alliance with the US to deter North Korean threats and explore its export-based economic growth and development, and yet cannot afford to be left out of these initiatives which could transform the economic and logistical linkage between South Korea and Europe. Given its negative reception by the some pundits, however, South Korea should be more precautious for expressing only full-fledged supports for the BRI and Eurasia Initiative. Opponents of these two initiatives doubt that its putative benefits can be realized, at least in the short term, arguing that creating the necessary rail interconnections may be too costly.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.143-152
• /
• 2017

PURPOSES : This study intends to estimate the tangible benefits derived from the integration of operations of an Express Intercity Bus Terminal and a Highway Service Area. METHODS: For the study, a highway service area was chosen to function as a bus terminal, integrating its services with that of a nearby bus terminal plagued by operating losses. The exercise also helped improve mobility owing to the introduction of local buses between the terminals and utilization of the existing infrastructure such as rest areas. Thus, a terminal that was not being utilized for its intended functionality was integrated with an existing facility to improve the utilization of both and subsequently aid local development. The impact of the exercise was then measured by evaluating the variation in utilization efficiency, operating costs, travel time between two regions (Seoul-Jeomchon and Seoul-Geumsan), and the social costs before and after the integration of the two facilities. RESULTS :The impact of the integration was an increase in utilization efficiency, a decrease in operating cost, a decrease in travel time, and a decrease in social cost in both the regions. The benefits of improved utilization and cost saving can be passed on to the citizens in the form of discounts. A local power generation facility will eventually replace the bus terminal, which can revitalize the local economy. CONCLUSIONS :The integration of the highway service area with the bus terminal is expected to have a win-win effect on the passengers as well as the operators. The study also proposes a sustainable strategic plan for existing terminals and rest areas to implement a method to compete with KTX transportation.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.107-122
• /
• 2015

PURPOSES : The use of virtual driving tests to determine actual road driving behavior is increasing. However, the results indicate a gap between real and virtual driving under same road conditions road based on ergonomic factors, such as anxiety and speed. In the future, the use of virtual driving tests is expected to increase. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to analyze the gap between real and virtual driving on same road conditions and to use a calibration formula to allow for higher reliability of virtual driving tests. METHODS : An intelligent driving recorder was used to capture real driving. A driving simulator was used to record virtual driving. Additionally, a virtual driving map was made with the UC-Win/Road software. We gathered data including geometric structure information, driving information, driver information, and road operation information for real driving and virtual driving on the same road conditions. In this study we investigated a range of gaps, driving speeds, and lateral positions, and introduced a calibration formula to the virtual record to achieve the same record as the real driving situation by applying the effects of the main causes of discrepancy between the two (driving speed and lateral position) using a linear regression model. RESULTS: In the virtual driving test, driving speed and lateral position were determined to be higher and bigger than in the real Driving test, respectively. Additionally, the virtual driving test reduces the concentration, anxiety, and reality when compared to the real driving test. The formula includes four variables to produce the calibration: tangent driving speed, curve driving speed, tangent lateral position, and curve lateral position. However, the tangent lateral position was excluded because it was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The results of analyzing the formula from MPB (mean prediction bias), MAD (mean absolute deviation) is after applying the formula to the virtual driving test, similar to the real driving test so that the formula works. Because this study was conducted on a national, two-way road, the road speed limit was 80 km/h, and the lane width was 3.0-3.5 m. It works in the same condition road restrictively.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.1145-1150
• /
• 2018

In order to realize the new diplomatic development for the establishment of 'Asia Fate Community', Xi Jinping has adopted a "One Road, One Belt" policy. Based on five core philosophies, One Road, One Belt with neighboring countries has been established to full-sided cooperation and mutual benefit relations. In this paper, I would like to suggest some suggestions on how to use China's One Road, One Belt policy and Korea's Eurasian Initiative in Development strategy of tourism contents. First, The bridge role of Korean companies should lead to the development of tourism contents. Second, the promotion of tourism contents development for Chinese individual tourists should lead to another tourism contents. Third, we need to find ways to win joint orders with local companies in China so that they can lead to tourism contents. Fourth, seeking active use of workers and international students living in Korea. Fifth, the development of tourism contents based on cooperative relationship with North Korea.

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.1087-1099
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to examine how visuospatial ability affects the situation awareness for older drivers while driving. For this study, the Rey-Osterrith Complex Figure (ROCF) was used to measure the visuospatial ability of older drivers. The ROCF is used to measure visuospatial construct and memory abilities, and Real-Time Probes were used to measure the situation awareness with UC-win/Road simulation. Sixty drivers participated in this research (N = 30 older drivers, median = 70 years old and N = 30 younger drivers, median = 27 years old). Based on the results of this analysis, a repeated measure ANOVA was used to analyze the effect on each level of situation awareness related to visuospatial ability in driving. The results indicate that the visuospatial ability of older drivers serves as a crucial factor in determining the potential for older drivers to safely continue to drive. The results also imply the necessity of ROCF development to support and improve the visuospatial ability of older drivers.