• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.232-243
• /
• 2024

Purpose: Recently, large-scale forest fires caused by climate change, natural disasters, and human factors have been increasing every year in the East Coast and Taebaek Mountains region. Although forest fire extinguishing using helicopters is currently increasing, the need to introduce air force transport aircraft has continued to be raised due to the importance of early fire extinguishment to respond to large forest fires and the difficulty of extinguishing forest fires between sheep. This study seeks to present a plan for developing a post-fire management system for several aspects - achieving operational objectives, overcoming the operating environment, selecting a staging area, and efficient operation measures - to efficiently perform forest fire extinguishing missions using Air Force transport aircraft. Method: Based on literature research on forest fire extinguishing, forest fire extinguishing experiments using fixed-wing aircraft, and the operation status and operation method of forest fire extinguishing helicopters, the pros and cons of helicopter operation and the effects of large forest fire extinguishing using a large transport aircraft (C-130) Analyze the effectiveness of operation through analysis. Results: When extinguishing a large forest fire, an effective CM (Consequence Management) application plan was derived, including effective operation, control, command system, dispatch request, and forest fire extinguishment when integrating helicopter and fixed-wing aircraft (C-130). Conclusion: The application of the concept of CM (Consequence Management) is partially applied to some areas of chemical, biological, and radiological (CBRNE) protection in Korea, but efficient operation, control, and command systems are established when integrated operation of helicopters and large aircraft (C-130) in forest fire extinguishment. the concept of CM (Consequence Management), which is operated in advanced countries, was applied for safety management, dispatch requests, and forest fire extinguishing, thereby contributing to the establishment of a more advanced disaster and post-disaster management system.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.22-31
• /
• 2016

Active fire products from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite observation during the 16 years from 2000-2015 were analyzed to estimate spatial and temporal variations of wildland fires over East Asia (region of interest: $20^{\circ}N-55^{\circ}N$, $100^{\circ}E-150^{\circ}E$). GLOBCOVER 2009 land cover data were also used to investigate the trend in wildfire occurrence with respect to each land cover type. Statistical analysis showed that the highest number of wildland fires occurred in the evergreen and vegetation covered areas, and strong seasonal variations were found in these areas. Total numbers of fires were 283,683 and 202,543, respectively. In particular, the wildland fires in croplands occurred mainly during summer season and distinguishable increasing trends were found. The correlations between number of wildland fires and air pollutants, such as black carbon, organic matter, and carbon monoxide, were also calculated in order to investigate the intensity of the air pollution caused by the wildland fires. Positive correlation between total column carbon monoxide contents and the occurrence of wildland fire was found. In addition, this correlation was higher than the correlation between fire occurrence and black carbon or organic matter. These results indicate that a significant amount of carbon monoxide originated from the wildland fires and influenced the regional atmospheric environment in East Asia.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.234-238
• /
• 2008

The energy conservation theory is introduced for investigating processes of runoff and soil erosion on the hillslope system changed vegetation condition by wildfire The rainfall energy, input energy consisted of kinetic and potential energy, is influenced by vegetation coverage and height. Output energy at the outlet of hillslope is decided as the kinetic energy of runoff and erosion soil, and mechanical work according to moving water and soil is influenced dominantly by the work rather than the kinetic energy. Relationship between output and input energy is possible to calculate the energy loss in the runoff and erosion process. The absolute value of the energy loss is controlled by the input energy size of rainfall because energy losses of runoff increase as many rainfall pass through the hillslope system. The energy coefficient which is dimensionless is defined as the ratio of input energy of rainfall to output energy of runoff water and erosion soil such as runoff coefficient. The energy coefficient and runoff coefficient showed the highest correlation coefficient with the vegetation coverage. Maximum energy coefficient is about 0.5 in the hillslope system. The energy theory for output energy of runoff and soil erosion is presented by the energy coefficient theory associated with vegetation factor. Also runoff and erosion soil resulting output energy have the relation of power function and the rates of these increase with rainfall.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2023.05a
• /
• pp.414-414
• /
• 2023

지구온난화로 인한 기후변화로 산불 발생이 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 이로 인해 무강우기간의 증가, 기온의 상승, 습도 감소 등의 문제가 발생하고 있다. 이중 기온의 상승과 습도의 감소는 산불과 큰 연관성이 있다. 따뜻하고 건조한 날씨는 토양수분의 감소로 이어지며, 이는 곧 식물의 활성도의 감소로 이어진다. 봄철 식물의 활성도가 감소하게 되면 자연스레 산불 발생 위험도가 높아지기 마련이다. 이러한 현상은 국내에서도 관찰 가능하다. 따뜻하고 건조한 국내 겨울철 날씨는 봄철 토양수분의 감소와 직결되며, 건조해진 토양수분으로 인해 봄철인 3월~5월 산불 발생 확률이 증가하게 된다. 실제로 최근 10년간 국내에서 산불이 많이 발생한 계절은 봄철이며, 산불로 인한 피해 면적 및 피해 금액이 가장 큰 기간도 봄철이다. 따라서 봄철 산불에 대한 각별한 주의가 요구 되어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 유역을 대상으로 산불 위험도 지수에 대한 평가를 진행하고자 한다. 이에 PRMS 모형을 이용해 봄철 토양수분을 모의하여 산불 위험도 지수와 토양수분의 상관성을 나타내고자 한다. 또한, 산불 발생 건수를 활용하여 산불 위험도 지수에 대한 적절성을 평가하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2022.10a
• /
• pp.54-57
• /
• 2022

Korea has a vulnerable environment from the risk of wildfires, which causes great damage every year. To prevent this, a lot of manpower is being used, but the effect is insufficient. If wildfires are detected and extinguished early through artificial intelligence technology, damage to property and people can be prevented. In this paper, we studied the object double detection method with the goal of minimizing the data collection and processing process that occurs in the process of creating an object detection model to minimize the damage of wildfires. In YOLOv5, the original image is primarily detected through a single model trained on a limited image, and the object detected in the original image is cropped through Crop. The possibility of improving the false positive object detection rate was confirmed through the object double detection method that re-detects the cropped image.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2022.10a
• /
• pp.186-186
• /
• 2022

Phytophthora root and stem rot (PRSR) and wildfire disease (WFD) of soybean are frequently observed in the field of South Korea. The most environmentally friendly way to control PRSR and WFD is to use soybean varieties with resistance to Phytophthora sojae (P. sojae) and Pseudomonas amygdali pv. tabaci. Plant germplasm is an important gene pool for soybean breeding and improvement. In this study, hundreds of soybean accessions were evaluated for the two pathogens, and genome-wide association analyses were conducted using 104,955 SNPs to identify resistance loci for the two pathogens. Of 193 accessions, 46 genotypes showed resistance reaction, while 143 did susceptibility for PRSP. Twenty SNPs were significantly associated with resistance to P. sojae on chromosomes (Chr.) 3 and 4. Significant SNPs on Chr.3 were located within the known Rps gene region. A region on Chr. 4 is considered as a new candidate resistance loci. For evalation of resistance to WFD, 18, 31,74,36 and 34 genotypes were counted by a scale of 1-5, respectively. Five SNP markers on Chrs 9,11,12,17 and 18 were significantly associated with resistance to P. amygdali pv. tabaci. The identified SNPs and genomic regions will provide a useful information for further researches and breeding for resistance to P. sojae and P. amygdali pv. tabaci.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.227-235
• /
• 2009

Global climate warming induced by long-lived greenhouse gases is expected to cause increases in wildfire frequencies and intensity in boreal forest regions of mid- and high-latitudes in the future. Siberian forest fires are one of important sources for air pollutants such as ozone and aerosols over East Asia. Thus an accurate quantification of forest fire influences on air quality is crucial, in particular considering its higher occurrences expected under the future warming climate conditions. We here use the 3-D global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) with the satellite constrained fire emissions to quantify Siberian fire effects on ozone concentrations in East Asia. Our focus is mainly on spring 2003 when the largest fires occurred over Siberia in the past decade. We first evaluated the model by comparing to the EANET observations. The model reproduced observed ozone concentrations in spring 2003 with the high $R^2$ of 0.77 but slightly underestimated by 20%. Enhancements in seasonal mean ozone concentrations were estimated from the difference in simulations with and without Siberian fires and amounted up to 24 ppbv over Siberia. Effects of Siberian fires also resulted in 3-10 ppbv incresases in Korea and Japan. These increases account for about 5-15% of the ozone air quality standard of 60 ppbv in Korea, indicating a significant effect of Siberian fires on ozone concentrations. We found however that possible changes in regional meteorology due to Siberian fires may also affect air quality. Further study on the interaction between regional air quality and meteorology is necessary in the future.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.18 no.9
• /
• pp.240-247
• /
• 2018

In this paper, we implement a digital content that visualizes 33 Avalokitesvara-Bodhisattva according to the wishes of the public. The 33 Avalokitesvara-Bodhisattva is described in the Avalokitesvara-Bodhisattva tale that is found in the ancient literature "Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms" as Tangible Cultural Heritage. Also, it is easily found in a wall painting of traditional Buddhist temples. The 33 Avalokitesvara-Bodhisattva is the saint of mercy that transforms into 33 various forms according to the wishes of the public. The Avalokitesvara-Bodhisattva tales deal with differences in the types of wishes of the public, and the tales have been speeded like wildfire among the people. So, in this paper, we classify them into 4 groups by the wishes (healing, security, academic achievement, disaster relief) of the public, and then analyze its symbolism and activity of the 33 Avalokitesvara-Bodhisattva. Also, we implement a 2D digital content that represents visually it according to the wishes of the public. Applications of the implemented visual content are as follows; development of character, game, and digital storytelling associated with traditional culture, education service for Buddhist doctrines, etc.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.60-64
• /
• 1994

Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci produces tabtoxin and causes wildfire disease on tabacco and bean plants. In this study, bacteriophage of P. syringae pv. tabaci were isolated from sewage by top agar overlay method, and physiological and genetical characteristics of the phage were investigated. Plaques of isolated phage were turbid and ranged in size from 1 to 2 mm. The stability range of pH was between 6.0 and 9.0, and stability of temperature was up to 30${\circ}C$ and inactivated at 70${\circ}C$. The adsorption rate of phage was about 85% for 30min. The latent period and mean burst size as dertermined in one step growth experiments were 3 hrs and 200 PFU/bacterium, respectively. Genomic material of isolated phage was dsDNA of which size was about 30kb.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.424-435
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the disaster experience (accidents, education etc) and the concern for disaster preparedness of college students. Methods: This research design was a descriptive study. Data were collected from November 1, 2011 to December 30, 2011 and analyzed by the SPSS PASW statistics 18.0 program. Results: There were statistical significances in major (p<.050), grade(p<.001), and a completed disaster class(p<.001) between general characteristics and concern for disaster preparedness. The major disaster events that occurred from 2003 to 2010 in Korea were the 2007 Taean oil spill (85.4%), the 2003 Daegu subway fire (82.7%), and the 2008 Sungnyemun fire (62.9%). The possible disaster events in Korea were hurricanes, floods, fires (including wildfire), and the shutdown of communication lines. Subjects learned about cardiopulmonary resuscitation (18.2%), first aid for bleeding and fractures (17.8%), a fire drill (14.3%), and an escape drill for an earthquake (14.0%). They wanted to learn the fire drill (11.33%), the escape drill for an earthquake (9.7%), a war drill (9.0%), a disaster confrontation drill on the subway (8.6%), and a fire and explosion evacuation drill (8.4%). Half of subjects were not prepared with emergency supplies for disasters because they thought that a disaster would not occur. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop the disaster educational programs according to subject's demands in Korea.