• Title/Summary/Keyword: Width-to-height

검색결과 2,386건 처리시간 0.029초

3차원 컴퓨터단층촬영 영상을 이용한 전두동 발달의 연구 (Developmental Study of Korean Frontal Sinus by using 3D CT Scan)

  • 윤인식;나동균
    • 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.103-108
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    • 2009
  • Purpose: Although there are many reports on the development of paranasal sinuses, few studies were performed with respect to the frontal sinus with 3D CT, especially in Korean children. In this study, we evaluated the normal development of frontal sinus in Korean children with 3D CT imaging. Methods: A total of 301 patients under the age of 20 were reviewed retrospectively. Maximal AP (anteroposterior) length, height and width were measured with the aid of computer device. The volume of frontal sinus was also evaluated. Results: At the age of more than 4, the pneumatization of frontal sinus was detected. Frontal sinus developed continuously and was observed in almost every children at the age of more than 17. The AP length, height, width and volume of frontal sinus were enlarged continuously until the age of 20. And the maximal growth of frontal sinus was observed at puberty. The width and volume of frontal sinus showed high correlation coefficient (r=0.8) relative to height or AP distance. Conclusion: The results of this study may be helpful in the comprehension of normal development of frontal sinus in Korean children.

고파랑 해안 침식폭 예측모델을 이용한 침식한계선(ECL) 설정 (Erosion Control Line (ECL) Establishment Using Coastal Erosion Width Prediction Model by High Wave Height)

  • 박승민;박설화;이정렬;김태곤
    • 한국해양공학회지
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    • 제33권6호
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    • pp.526-534
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    • 2019
  • The average coastline and the erosion control line introduced as the management coastline, and the average shoreline (MSL) was established from the observed coastline. Also, the median grain size and the wave height of 30-years return period were applied. The erosion control line (ECL) was established through the model, HaeSaBeeN. These two lines set the coastline for evaluation. Based on the observed monitoring data along the coastline, the 1-day variation according to the normal distribution was used to estimate the regional variation, and the width of the erosion was calculated by applying the median grain size (D50) and the wave height of 30-years return period through the high-wave coastal erosion width model, i.e., HaeSaBeeN.

공압 핫프레스를 이용한 마이크로 폴리카보네이트 성형에 관한 연구 (A Study on Polycarbonate Microfabrication Using a Pneumatic Hot Press)

  • 여창영;박태현
    • 한국기계가공학회지
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.106-112
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    • 2021
  • Thermoplastic microfluidic devices are used in BioMEMS for medical and biotechnology applications, such as gene extraction, DNA analysis, and virus detection. In this research, a simple fabrication protocol with a commercially available pneumatic hot press is proposed and demonstrated for polycarbonate microfluidic devices. Microfluidic channels with a width of 200 ㎛ and a height of 10 ㎛ were designed and machined onto a brass plate as a mold insert using a CNC milling machine. The resulting microfluidic channels on the mold insert were assessed and found to have an actual width of 198 ㎛ and a height of 10 ± 0.25 ㎛. The microfluidic channels were replicated on a polycarbonate sheet using the proposed replication technique at 146℃ for 20 minutes under a constant load of 2400 kgf. The devices were then naturally cooled to 100℃ while maintaining the same pressure. It was found that the microchannels were successfully replicated in the polycarbonate, with a width of 198 ㎛ and a height of 10.07 ㎛. The proposed replication technique thus offers the rapid mass production of high-quality microfluidic devices at a low cost with a process that, unlike conventional photolithography systems, does not require expensive equipment.

일부 여대생의 구강 및 안모상태와 치은노출(Gummy smile)과의 상관성 (The correlation among the oral & facial states and the gummy smile in female college students)

  • 소미현
    • 한국치위생학회지
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.345-353
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    • 2012
  • Objectives : The author has studied about correlation of gingival exposure upon smiling and oral facial status that reduce facial aesthetic. Methods : The subjects in this study are 91 female vulunteers who were in aged $21.4{\pm}1.89$ in Suwon. Objectives should be normal oral and facial status without the prosthodontic, orthodontic appliance or conqenital missing tooth, and agree to be examined the oral status and impression taking. 1.Measure the length of gingival exposure upon smiling. 2.Measure of the size on central incisor. 3.Measure of Facial. SPSS(SPSS 10.0 for windows, SPSS Inc, Chicago, USA) was utilized for calculating the correlation coefficient between gingival exposure upon smiling and facial status. Regression analysis was calculated in order to predict the R square for gingival exposure upon smiling. Results : 1.Correlation coefficient between the gingival exposure and length of maxillary central incisor was calculated as reversed correlation(r=-.302, p<0.01), and between the gingival exposure and the ratio of the length of central incisor/width of central incisor was revealed as reversed correlation(r=-.250, p<0.05) on smiling. 2.There was correlation between the gingival exposure and the facial height(r=.351, p<0.01), the lower facial height(r=.454, p<0.01) and the upper lip height(r=.274, p<0.01) upon smiling. 3.There was correlation between the gingival exposure and the ratio of the facial height/facial width(r=.358, p<0.05), the ratio of the upper facial height/facial width(r=.214, p<0.05), and the ratio of the lower facial height/facial height(r=.383, p<0.01) upon smiling. 4.The equation of the regression analysis for gingival exposure upon smiling could be estimated as gingival exposure upon smiling=-5.139+.279${\times}$lower facial height-.615${\times}$maxillary central incisal length-.05${\times}$nasolabial angle. Conclusions : Considering these results, it recommended that treatment planning should be designed in consideration of such factors as the length of maxillary central incisor, facial height, upper lip height and lower facial height, in order to promote the easthetic problems of face on smiling.

침엽수재(針葉樹材)의 방사조직(放射組織)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) - 방사조직지표치(放射組織指標値)의 상호관련성(相互關聯性)- (Studies on the Wood Rays in Coniferous Woods - Mutural Relation on the Indicators of Wood Rays in Coniferous Woods -)

  • 이원용
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.90-98
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    • 1987
  • 우리나라의 주요(主要)한 경제적수종(經濟的樹種)이고 조림수종(造林樹種)인 잣나무(Pinus koraiensis)와 낙엽송(Larix leptolepis) 재(材)에 대하여 합리적(合理的)인 이용(利用)을 도모하고 수질(水質)을 평가하기 위한 기초자료(基礎資料)를 얻기 위하여 본대학(本大學) 연습림(演習林)에서 생육(生育)한 조림목(造林木)을 대채(代採)하여 접선단면상(接線斷面上)에서의 방사조직(放射組織)의 높이와 수(數) 및 방추상방사조직(紡錘狀放射組織)의 높이를 측정(測定)하고 또한 횡단면상(橫斷面上)에서의 방사조직(放射組織)의 분포수(分布數)인 밀도(密度)와 폭(幅)을 측정(測定)하여 이들 방사조직지표치(放射組織指標値)의 상호간(相互間)의 관련성(關聯性)을 조사검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. (1) 일반적(一般的)으로 방사조직(放射組織)의 높이가 증가(增加)함에 따라 단위면적당(單位面積當) 방사조직(放射組織)의 수(數)와 밀도(密度)는 점차 감소되는 경향(傾向)이 있다. (2) 방사조직(放射組織)의 높이의 증가(增加)에 따라 방사조직(放射組織)의 폭(幅)의 변화(變化)는 수종(數種)에 따라 다르며 잣나무에서는 비례적(比例的)인 경향이 있으나 낙엽송에 있어서는 반비례적(反比例的)인 관계가 있다. (3) 방사조직(放射組織)의 높이의 증가(增加)에 따라 방추상방사조직(紡錘狀放射組織)의 높이는 어느 한도(限度)까지는 점차 증가(增加)되고 있으며 그 이후(以後)는 거의 일정(一定)한데 그 한도(限度)가 되는 방사조직(放射組織)의 높이는 잣나무에서는 6세포고(細胞高), 낙엽송에 있어서는 9세포고(細胞高) 정도이다. (4) 방추상방사조직(紡錘狀放射組織)의 높이와 방사조직(放射組織)의 수(數)와의 관계(關係)는 잣나무에서는 대체적(大體的)으로 양자(兩者)가 서로 반비례(反比例)하고 있으며 낙엽송에 있어서는 일정(一定)한 관계를 나타내지 않고 있다. 또한 방추상방사조직(紡錘狀放射組織)의 높이가 증가(增加)함에 따라 방사조직(放射組織)의 밀도(密度)와 폭(幅)은 양수종(兩樹種)모두 점차 감소되는 경향을 나타내고 있다. 5. 방사조직(放射組織)의 단위면적당(單位面積當)의 수(數)가 많아짐에 따라 방사조직(放射組織) 밀도(密度)는 점차 증가(增加)되는 비례적(比例的)인 관계가 있으며 또한 방사조직(放射組織)의 수(數)의 증가(增加)에 따라 그 폭(福)도 점차 증가되고 있으나 어느 일정치(一定値)에 달하면 그 이후부터는 거의 변동(變動)이 없는 안정(安定)된 경향을 나타내고 있다. (6) 일반적(一般的)으로 방사조직(放射組織)의 밀도(密度)가 커짐에 따라 방사조직(放射組織)의 폭(福)도 점차 증가되고 있다. 그러나 그 양자(兩者)의 관계는 잣나무에서보다도 낙엽송의 경우가 더욱 밀접한 관계를 나타내고 있다.

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내음성 지표식물 개발을 위한 애기나리의 생육환경분석 (Analysis on the Growth Environment of Disporum smilacinum A. GRAY for Development of Shade-tolerance Groundcover Plant)

  • 이기철;박슬기
    • 한국조경학회지
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.65-74
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    • 1991
  • The purpose of this study was to find the basic application of Disporum genus in landscape-arc-hitectual space. Environment of native site (Daeducksan, Piseulsan) and growth characteristics of experiment plot were investigated and analyzed in this study. The results of this study were as follows; 1. In the case of environment of native site, the relative light intensity was about 10% and distribution of species were primarily north slope. Gradient of Daeducksan and Piseulsan were 10$^{\circ}$, 18$^{\circ}$ Soil textures was Lic both and field capacity of Daeducksan and Piseulsan were 69%, 73.5%. The soil pH of Daeducksan and Piseulsan were 6.1 and 5.8. The both content of organic matter and C.E.C. were high markedly. The P2O5 content of Daeducksan showed high but total nitrogen showed nearly the same level when comparing with the common dry field condition. 2. In tree layer, Daeducksan composed of broadleaved forest of 80% involving Quercus variabilis, and Piseulsan composed of coniferous forest of 80% involving Pinus densiflora on the other hand. Daeducksan, therefore, was more appearance species than Piseulsan in herbaceous layer. 3. Result in ANOVA Test, significance followed with light intensity was recognized in plant height, leaf width, leaf length, leaf thick and No. of leaf, while in the case of soil was not. Plant height was longest in 1% and leaf width, leaf length was largest in 25%. Therefore ornamental value of leaf was the very best in 25%. 4. Result in correlation coefficient analysis, plant height was correlated leaf width, leaf length. The longer plant height, the smaller leaf width, leaf length. In relative light intensity of 1%, flower was hardly expected because of the more shade, the less flower. Disporum smilacinum is expected great use as ground covers in the shades of tall-building or hdavy woods.

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A Morphometric Analysis of Neuroforamen in Grade I Isthmic Spondylolisthesis by Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion with Pedicle Screw Fixation

  • Lee, Dong-Yeob;Lee, Sang-Ho;Kim, Seok-Kang;Maeng, Dae-Hyeon;Jang, Jee-Soo
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • 제41권6호
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    • pp.377-381
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    • 2007
  • Objective : The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphometric changes in neuroforamen in grade I isthmic spondylolisthesis by anterior lumbar interbody fusion [ALIF]. Methods : Fourteen patients with grade I isthmic spondylolisthesis who underwent single level ALIF with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation were enrolled. All patients underwent standing lateral radiography and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] before surgery and at 1 week after surgery. For quantitative analysis, the foraminal height, width, epidural foraminal height, epidural foraminal width, and epidural foraminal area were evaluated at the mid-portion of 28 foramens using T2-weighted sagittal MRI. For qualitative analysis, degree of neural compression in mid-portion of 28 foramens was classified into 4 grades using T2-weighted sagittal MRI. Clinical outcomes were assessed using Visual Analogue Sale [VAS] scores for leg pain and Oswestry disability index before surgery and at 1 year after surgery. Results : The affected levels were L4-5 in 10 cases and L5-S1 in 4. The mean foraminal height was increased [p<0.001], and the mean foraminal width was decreased [p=0.014] significantly after surgery. The mean epidural foraminal height [p<0.001], epidural foraminal width [p<0.001], and epidural foraminal area [p<0.001] showed a significant increase after surgery. The mean grade for neural compression was decreased significantly after surgery [p<0.001]. VAS scores for leg pain [p=0.001] and Oswestry disability index [p=0.001] was decreased significantly at one year after surgery. Conclusion : Foraminal stenosis in grade I isthmic spondylolisthesis may effectively decompressed by ALIF with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation.

CenterNet Based on Diagonal Half-length and Center Angle Regression for Object Detection

  • Yuantian, Xia;XuPeng Kou;Weie Jia;Shuhan Lu;Longhe Wang;Lin Li
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • 제17권7호
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    • pp.1841-1857
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    • 2023
  • CenterNet, a novel object detection algorithm without anchor based on key points, regards the object as a single center point for prediction and directly regresses the object's height and width. However, because the objects have different sizes, directly regressing their height and width will make the model difficult to converge and lose the intrinsic relationship between object's width and height, thereby reducing the stability of the model and the consistency of prediction accuracy. For this problem, we proposed an algorithm based on the regression of the diagonal half-length and the center angle, which significantly compresses the solution space of the regression components and enhances the intrinsic relationship between the decoded components. First, encode the object's width and height into the diagonal half-length and the center angle, where the center angle is the angle between the diagonal and the vertical centreline. Secondly, the predicted diagonal half-length and center angle are decoded into two length components. Finally, the position of the object bounding box can be accurately obtained by combining the corresponding center point coordinates. Experiments show that, when using CenterNet as the improved baseline and resnet50 as the Backbone, the improved model achieved 81.6% and 79.7% mAP on the VOC 2007 and 2012 test sets, respectively. When using Hourglass-104 as the Backbone, the improved model achieved 43.3% mAP on the COCO 2017 test sets. Compared with CenterNet, the improved model has a faster convergence rate and significantly improved the stability and prediction accuracy.

학령기 어린이의 상지동작에 관한 인간공학적 연구 (A Biotechnological Study on the Sleeve Form Variation according to Arm Movements for Elementary Schoolgirls)

  • 이숙녀
    • 한국의류학회지
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    • 제10권3호
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    • pp.17-25
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    • 1986
  • The objectives of this study are to investigate the variation of the sleeve form by changing arm movements and to study the relationship among the three aspects of sleeve (sleeve height, width and armhole girth) by changing arm movements. Plasrun gyps were used for this experimental research. The subjects of this study were elementary schoolgirls (9$\~$12 years old). Arm mevements were 4 types($0^{\circ},\;45^{\circ},\;90^{\circ},\;135^{\circ}$) to the vertical directions. The statistical methods used to analyze the data included mean, standard deviation, the Pearson's correlation coefficients and coefficients of determination. The results obtained from this study were as follows; 1. According to the arm movements, the sleeve form changed more in the front than in the back. 2. As the arm movements were increased vertically, the heights of sleeves and the girths of the armholes were decreased, and the widths of sleeves were increased. 3. Variation rates by changing arm movements were different according to the variation of arm movement, and were the highest in sleeve height. 4. There was a negative correlation between sleeve height and width, and a positive correlation between sleeve height and armhole girth.

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Zoysiagrass 수집계통들과 종간교배계통들의 형태적 특성들의 변이 (Variation of the Morphological Characteristics in the Accessions of Zoysia Species and Their Hybrid Lines)

  • 김형기;김기선;주영규;홍규현;김경남;이재필;모숙연;김두환
    • 아시안잔디학회지
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 1996
  • Fifty accessions in Zoysia species and forty-one hybrid lines were evaluated in order to detect analyze the genectic variation of Zoysiagrasses and to obtain the basic information for breeding. 1.Plant height ranged from 13 to 34.5cm, leaf length from 7 to 26cm, leaf width from 2 to 7mm, and first leaf height from 1.1 to 8.5cm 2. The correlations among plant height, leaf length and first-leaf height were high, but leaf Width was correlated only With leaf length. 3. Stolon length was varied from 10 to 108cm, number of stolons from 12 to 53, internode length from 2 to 6.1cm and coverage percentage from 10 to 90%. 4.There were correlation among stolen length, number of stolons, internode length and coverage percentage except between stolen and internode length. 5.M1J and MC2 showed the highest level in stolen length, number of stolons and coverage percentage. Therefore they will be the best breeding materials for the purpose of fast covering. 6.According to the analysis on October 26, 1995, yellow color-change rate of leaves ranged from 5 to 85%, red color-change from 0 to 75% and sum of yellow and red change from 20 to 95%. Speciallty M2M1 and FL-41 kept green color untill early December, indicating that they had the late dormancy. 7. Visual assessment of stolon length and number of stolons, showed similar tendency With actually measured data. 8. Shoot density was very high in M2M1 and S2, and showed negative correlation with leaf width. 9. It is known in Korea that the darker green color of lawngrass is, the better it looks. There were 11 lines with dark green color leaves such as J 85-10, Meyer in Z. japonira, one asacession in Z. matrella and M2M1, M2S8, JM2, 55C2 in hybrid lines.

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