• 한국의상디자인학회지
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2011

This study is to analyze the image similarity and the preference for clothing stores in the 6 giant discount chains in Daejeon. The survey for this study was based on the questionnaires accomplished by 257 people through the multidimensional scaling. The results are as follows First, 6 clothing stores had 4 image groups located in 4 coordinates. CW(Costco Wholesale), NH(Nonghyup Hanaro-Mart), and SZ(Save Zone) had a similar distinct image, while HP(Home Plus) and EM(E-Mart), and LM(Lotte-Malt) also had similar differentiated images. Second, according to the preference analysis in terms of demographic characteristic, NH had the lowest preference from the people of all the different ages, while SZ had the highest. HP, EM, CW, and LM had their own preference in the following order: in the thirties, forties, and over fifties. Meanwhile, relatively, SZ is preferred by the people in their twenties and people over age fifty liked CW more. Third, according to the analysis of the preference for clothing stores in the giant discount chains in terms of educational background, clothing consumers who had high school degrees preferred NH and LM, people with 2 year college degrees liked HP and EM more, while 4-year college graduates and people with higher education had preference for SZ. Finally, according to the preference analysis in terms of income level, higher income groups preferred SZ and CW and lower income groups liked LH and LM more, while HP and EM had high preference from all kinds of income groups.

• 한국생활과학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.423-436
• /
• 2015

Namdaemun Market is located in the heart of history and has the volume and the budget for nearly half of the total Namdaemun. But it has been undergoing the crisis of stagnation without reviving the merit of only the 'jewelry' wholesale industrial cluster in the nation. The purposes of this study were that analyzed the status and design of jewelry in Namdaemun and identified the characteristics of successful domestic jewelery brands and then the revitalized the way of the Namdaemun jewelry industry. Problems being currently facing the Namdaemun jewelry shopping are most likely caused by products' design did not respond to changes quickly, while China's jewelry products are in leaps of the quality and the affordable jewelry market in Korea has lost the large number of the customers by china's cheap jewelry products. The most feature of successful domestic jewelry companies, Red Eye, Naughty Cat and Jackie Moon. put the most effort to unique design development and then constantly develope new designs to meet the diverse needs of consumers. It is a conclusion that the Namdaemun jewelry market need to produced under the name of brand not by the traditional whole sale market style. Development unique jewelry brand requires a high-end commercial strategy of the logo, packaging and interior. The high-end quality require for the advanced designs as well as the study of new materials needed for the advanced materials.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.167-181
• /
• 2008

There are lack of labour and increase in logistics costs due to rapid change in logistics environments and the demand for logistics. The reality is that over spending on logistics costs are getting worse due to lack of logistics standardization. An example will be excessive logistics costs caused by unsatisfactory use of logistics equipments in wholesale markets. The logistics efficiency is falling due to delays in using logistics equipments and standardization. Therefore, there needs standardization of logistics functions and unit of handling in each stage from packing, unloading, storage, transporting, logistics information and needs logistics standardization on equipments, machineries used for the above. Standard unified with standardization is called specification and if standardization is applied broadly in manufacturing or processing, inspection than each process in terms of production can be managed rationally and labour skills will improve and product quality will be evenly maintained and compatability of each part in terms of assembly will be maintained thus materials and labour could be saved thus results in increasing productivity and lowering production costs. Also, if it is applied in industry at state-level then there will be rationalization in consumption in circulation as in purchase of raw materials, sales of products, purchase of products by consumers and contribute in improving compatibility and fair transactions. This paper is aimed to help in first solving factors affecting the most in improving logistic efficiency among unit load system and logistic hollowization, standardizing logistics base, standardizing logistics information. The study conducted surveys on limited companies but hope that in the future the target companies can be divided further into types, industries and conduct more demonstrative analysis.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.123-137
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the current nutritional labeling practices in the processed foods industry. Package labels provide consumers with reliable nutritional information, which has been considered a useful aid for food selection and a potent educational tool for nutrition in a daily life. To assess the nutritional composition labeling and nutritional claims on the food package labels in the Korean market, 2,691 processed foods were purchased from a wholesale market in August, 2004, under the food categories specified in the 2004 Food Code. Nutritional composition labels were found on 674 out of the 2,691 processed foods items. The study findings were as follows. Milk and dairy products showed the highest percentage(56.6%) of nutritional composition labeling among the food categories, while 86.2% of processed foods carried inappropriate types of nutrition labels. The title of nutritional composition labeling was ordered according to the nutritional composition presented on the top part of the box. The regulations method which it indicates was 77.8%. The expression unit of the nutritional composition labeling was per 100g(32.8%) or per OOg (29.4%). Of total processed foods, 83(3.1%) offered nutritional claims in their labels. These claims were divided into two ways: nutrient content claims and nutrient comparative claims. The most frequently used term in nutrient content claims was "contained"(67.2%). "More" or "Plus" were frequently used term in nutrient comparative claims(11.2%). Calcium was the most popular among nutrients claimed by processed foods(34.3%).

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.616-628
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to monitor the current nutrition labeling practice on the packaging of the processed foods providing consumers with reliable nutrition information, which has been considered as a useful aid for food selection and a potent educational tool for nutrition in a daily life. The 2,214 processed foods purchased at the a wholesale market in July, 2003, were divided by food categories issued from the 2003 food codes and assessed in the terms of the nutrition composition labeling and nutrition claims. Nutrition composition labeling was found on 533 out of the 2,214 processed foods items. The findings of this study were as follows : Milk and dairy products had 66.4% of nutrition composition labeling, which was the largest percentage among the food categories. Tables format (71.3%) is the most widely used type of nutrition labeling. The title of nutrition composition labeling used the most widely was nutrition composition (71.3%). Nutrition composition included many different ways of expression, such as a table of nutrition composition, and indication of nutrition composition, etc. The expression unit of the nutrition composition labeling was use per 100g or 100mL (40.5%). The processed foods with nutrition claims were 18.0% (399 items). Nutrition claims were divided into two categories: nutrient content claims and nutrient comparative claims. The most frequently used nutrient content claims were contained (43.9%) and more or plus in the nutrient comparative claims (16.0%). Ca was the most popular item as a nutrition claim nutrient (33.6%).

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.29-53
• /
• 2012

제조업체와 유통업체의 판매촉진 구사가 증가하면서 이들 사이의 바람직한 판매촉진 비용 분담 방식에 대한 관심도 증가하고 있다. 특히 유통업체 점포를 방문하는 소비자의 비계획구매 요소는 유통업체에게 명시적 잉여를 제공하지만 제조업체에게는 그렇지 않다는 점에서 이를 고려한 판매촉진 비용 분담의 방향 제시가 필요한 것이 현실이다. 문제는 유통업체 방문 소비자의 점포내 비계획구매 요소가 있을 때 제조업체가 어떻게 대응해야 하는지에 대해서는 충분한 설명이 이루어지지 못하고 있다는 점이다. 이러한 문제의식에서 본 연구에서는 유통업체 점포내 비계획구매 요소가 있을 때 제조업체가 구체적으로 공동 판매촉진 행동을 어떻게 전개해야 하는지 조명하고 있다. 본 연구의 주요결과는 다음과 같다: (1) 유통업체 점포 방문 소비자의 비계획구매 수준이 증가할수록 채널 전체의 판매촉진 수준은 높아지고, 제조업체의 비용 분담액도 커진다. (2) 유통업체 점포 방문 소비자의 비계획구매 수준이 증가할수록 채널 전체 판매촉진 비용 중에서 제조업체의 판매촉진 비용 분담 비중은 낮아지고, 유통업체의 판매촉진 비용 분담 비중은 높아진다. (3) 제조업체 이익은 유통업체 점포 방문 소비자의 비계획구매 수준인 b의 증가함수이다. (4) 유통업체가 소비자의 비계획구매 대상 제품을 조달하는데 소요되는 비용 수준이 증가할수록 유통업체 점포 방문 소비자의 비계획구매 수준 증가에 따른 채널 전체의 판매촉진 수준 증가 정도, 제조업체의 판매촉진 비용 분담액 증가 정도, 유통업체의 판매촉진 비용 분담 비중 증가 정도, 제조업체 이윤 증가 정도가 낮아진다.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.7-17
• /
• 2012

The aim of this study is to empirically explore micro and macroeconomic factors affecting the Pakistani sugar industries and searching the energy potential of this industry, through the survey of literature. The empirical part has been explored by employing Vector Autoregression (VAR), Granger Causality tests and simultaneous equation models through quarterly data for the period of 1991q2-2008q4. The study also aims to devise policies for the development of sugar industries and identify its growing importance for the energy sector of Pakistan. Empirical tests applied on the domestic prices of sugar, domestic interest rates, and exchange rate, productive capacities of sugar mills, per capita income, world sugar prices on cultivable area and sugar production reveal very useful results. Results reveal an improvement of productive capacity of the sugar mills of Pakistan on account of increasing crushing capacity of this sector. Negative effect of rising wholesale prices on the harvesting area was also observed. Profit earnings of the sugar mills significantly increase with the rise of sugar prices but the system does not exist for the farming community to share the rising prices of sugar. The models indicate positive and significant effect of local prices of sugar on its volume of import. Another of the findings of this study positively relates the local sugar markets with the international prices of sugar. Additionally, the causality tests results reveal exchange rate, harvesting area and overall output of sugarcane to have significant effects on the local prices of sugar. Similarly, import of sugar, interest rate, per capita consumption of sugar, per capita national income and the international prices of sugar also significantly affect currency exchange rate of Pakistani rupee in terms of US$. The study also finds sugar as an essential and basic necessity of the Pakistani consumers. That is why there are no significant income and price effects on the per capita consumption of sugar in Pakistan. All the empirical methods reiterate the relationship of variables. Economic policy makers are recommended to improve governance and management in the production, stock taking, internal and external trading and distribution of sugar in Pakistan using bumper crop policies. Macroeconomic variables such as interest rate, exchange rate per capita income and consumption are closely connected with the production and distribution of sugar in Pakistan. The cartelized role of the sugar industries should also be examined by further studies. There is need to further explore sugar sector of Pakistan with the perspective of energy generation through this sector; cartelized sugar markets in Pakistan and many more other dimensions of this sector. Exact appraisal of sugar industries for energy generation can be done appropriately by the experts from applied sciences.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제40권5호
• /
• pp.903-913
• /
• 2015

농림수산식품교육문화정보원에서는 2015년 1월부터 공공데이터 포털 서비스를 시작하였으며 포털 내에 구축된 빅데이터 기반 농식품 추천 시스템을 이용한 맞춤소비정보를 제공하고 있다. 추천시스템의 특징은 첫째, SNS오피니언마이닝, 소비자패널의 모든 구매내역 정보, 기후데이터, 도매가격 데이터와 같은 빅데이터의 성격을 가진 농식품분야의 다양한 데이터들을 이용하기 때문에 데이터 양의 관점에서 추천의 정확도를 높일 수 있다. 둘째, 추천시스템 구축 초기에는 사용자 정보 기반 추천이 어려운 한계를 극복할 수 있는 방법으로 식생활 라이프스타일과 메가트렌드 요인을 이용한 소비자 세분화방법을 사용한다. 이는 사용자 개인정보가 없는 상황에서도 다양한 식품 선호를 반영할 수 있도록 하여 추천실패율을 낯춘다. 셋째, 디리슐레-다항분포를 이용하는 추천 알고리즘을 적용하여 다양한 상황적 요인들의 선호가 반영된 농식품 추천이 가능하도록 하였다. 이 외에도 추천 농식품에 대한 SNS 맛집정보와 버즈량, 관련 식재료를 판매하는 주변 소매점 위치 및 가격정보 등 다양한 정보를 제공하여 농식품 분야 정보에 관심을 높일 수 있도록 시스템을 구현하였다.

• 한국전자거래학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.81-93
• /
• 2021

농산물은 변질이 쉽고 크기와 품질이 정형화되어있지 않아서 오랜 기간 동안 가공업자, 도매시장, 중도매인, 소매상 등을 거쳐 다단계의 관행적 방식으로 유통되었다. 그러다 2000년대에 들어 인터넷망의 보급과 물류 서비스의 발달로 온·오프라인 옴니 채널 구조로 나뉘는 양상을 보였으며, 2019년 말 발생한 COVID-19의 감염 우려로 비대면 거래 트렌드가 확산됨에 따라 기존에 오프라인 소매시장에서 농산물을 구매하던 소비자들도 온라인 시장으로 다수 유입되었다. 즉, 지속적으로 증가 추세를 보이던 온라인 농산물 거래량이 COVID-19를 기점으로 폭발적으로 증가한 것이다. 본 연구는 이러한 사회적 배경을 반영하여 관행 경로에서 유통되던 농산물이 온라인 경로로의 전환됨에 따른 유통비용 차이에 주목하였다. 전자상거래의 다양한 유형 중 특히 생산자-소비자의 온라인 직거래 경로로 전환되었을 때 유통비용 절감 효과에 주목하였으며 이에 관하여 'H 농산물 직거래 쇼핑몰'의 마늘을 중심으로 실증연구를 진행하였다. 분석 결과, 관행 유통경로에 비해 온라인 직거래 쇼핑몰 경로의 유통비용이 약 39%가량 낮게 도출되었고, 유통비용률 역시 28%p 가량 절감되는 등의 경제적 효과가 발생하였음을 알 수 있었다.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.3-33
• /
• 1991

80년대에 들어서 본격화된 개방정책(開放政策)의 결과 대부분의 소비재(消費財)가 수입가능품목(輸入可能品目)이 되었고 이에 따라 소비재(消費財)의 수입(輸入)은 급격한 증가추세를 보이고 있으며 이 추세는 당분간 지속될 것으로 전망된다. 본고(本稿)에서는 우리나라의 수입소비재(輸入消費財) 유통구조(流通構造)의 현황(現況)을 분석하고 가격상승 및 후생감소를 야기시키는 문제점을 파악하며 이의 개선방안(改善方案)을 모색해 보았다. 본고(本稿)에서는 기존의 연구와는 달리 수입소비재(輸入消費財) 유통구조(流通構造)를 국제시장(國際市場)-수입단계(輸入段階)-국내(國內) 도(都) 소매단계(小賣段階)의 수직적 구조로 파악하고 이 수직적 구조를 구성하는 각 수평단계의 산업조직 및 수평단계를 연결하는 수직적 관계를 중심으로 하여 가격결정과정과 문제점을 분석하였다. 수입소비재(輸入消費財) 유통구조(流通構造)의 수평단계는 상품(商品) 및 지역(地域)에 의해 차별화된 독점적 경쟁 시장으로 볼 수 있으며, 수평단계간에는 대리점계약(代理店契約)과 재판매가격유지(再販賣價格維持)의 수직적(垂直的) 통제(統制)(vertical restraints)가 흔히 사용되고 있다. 수입소비재(輸入消費財) 유통구조(流通構造)의 주요 문제점으로는 독과점적(獨寡占的) 수입(輸入)에 따른 수입상의 독과점력, 국내 메이커에 의한 동종상품 수입에 의한 경쟁제한, 유통업자간의 담합 및 이의 유지를 위한 재판매가격유지(再販賣價格維持)의 성행, 불확실성(不確實性)과 정보불균형(情報不均衡)을 지적할 수 있다. 이러한 문제점을 시정하여 수입소비재(輸入消費財) 및 경쟁국산상품(競爭國産商品)의 가격하락(價格下落)과 국산상품(國産商品)의 품질개선(品質改善)을 유도하기 위하여는 독과점적 수입계약과 국내메이커에 의한 동종상품의 수입에 대한 공정거래규제(公正去來規制)를 도입하여야 하며, 수입가격표시제의 확대실시 및 탄력적 운영을 통한 합리적(合理的) 정보제공(情報提供)이 필요하다고 판단된다. 수입소비재(輸入消費財)의 유통구조는 또한 국내(國內) 도(都) 소매업(小賣業)의 일반적인 문제점으로 지적되고 있는 규모의 영세성, 무자료거래의 성행, 근대적 대형유통업체(大型流通業體)의 부족의 문제점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제점은 기본적으로 상가(商街)와 물류시설(物流施設)의 공급부족과 현행 부가가치세제(附加價値稅制)에 그 원인이 있다. 따라서 수입소비재 유통구조의 생산성을 향상시키고 경쟁을 촉진하기 위해서는 상업용 및 물류시설용 부동산의 공급확대유도(供給擴大誘導)와 부가가치세제(附加價値稅制)의 합리적 운영이 필요하다고 사료된다.