• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.63-67
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• 2015

Purpose Among various causes that influence image quality degradation, various methods for decrease in Artifact occurred by respiration of patients are being used. Among them, this study intended to evaluate CTAC Shift correction method and additional scan compare to the Scan(Q static scan) using respiratory gated system. Materials and Methods This study was conducted on 10 patients, and used PET-CT Discovery 710 (GE Healthcare, MI, USA) and Varian's RPM system. 5.18 Mbq per kg of $^{18}F$-FDG was injected on patients, asked them to take a rest for 1 hour in the bed, and conducted test after urination. Images were visualized through Q static scan, CTAC Shift correction method, Additional scan based on the Whole body scan(WBS) with Artifact. Decrease in Artifact was compared in each image, conducted Gross Evalution, and measured changes of SUVmax. Results For image obtained through the CTAC Shift correction method through WBS with Artifact, 12~56%, Q static scan image showed 17~54% of change rate and Additional Scan showed -27~46% of change rate. In Blind Test, the CTAC Shift correction image showed the highest point with 4 points, Q static scan image showed 3.5 points, and Additional scan image showed 3.4 points. The standardized WBS scan through Oneway ANOVA and three types of Scan method showed significant difference(p<0.05), and did not show significant difference between the three Scan methods(p>0.05). However, the three Scan methods showed significant difference in Blind test. Conclusion Additional scan and Q static scan require more time than the CTAC Shift correction method, there is concern about excessive exposure to patients by CT rescan and Q static scan is difficult to apply on patients with inconsistent respiration or irregular respiration cycle due to pain. For CTAC Shift correction method, limited correction is possible and the range is limited as well. It is considered as a useful method of improving diagnostic value when hospitals use the system appropriately and develop various advantageous factors of each method.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1998 no.11
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• pp.307-308
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• 1998

In this paper, we describe a field measurement technique using multiple gradient echo method. For this purpose, 3 differential phase map is used between two images obtained in a single scan. The phase map is further processed to unfold phase folding (2n $\pi$). The inhomogeneity map is used to correct image distortion along readout gradient direction. Some experimental results obtained at 1.0 Tesla whole body MR system are shown with the proposed technique.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 2015

Radiation synovectomy has been proposed as a promising palliative therapy for recurrent joint effusions for the last two or three decades. Ionizing radiations emitted by intrarticularly administered radiolabelled colloids. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of radiation synovectomy (RSV) using $^{188}Re$-tin colloid in the treatment of recurrent joint effusions and chronic synovitis of knee joints. Three phase bone scan was acquired for the concerned joint prior to radiosynovectomy. $^{188}Re$-tin colloid was prepared as per the reported protocol. 9 patients, diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and suffering from chronic resistant synovitis of the knee, ankle or elbow joints were administered the radiopharmaceuticals, checked for radiochemical purity >95% by intraarticular route. A whole body scan was acquired 2 h post-radiosynovectomy. In all the 9 treatments, no leakage to non-target organs was visible in the whole body scan. Static scans of the joint revealed complete retention of $^{188}Re$-tin colloid in the joints post administration of the agent. Clinically all patients exhibited a complete or partial response. RSV with $^{188}Re$-tin colloid was safe and effective in patients with chronic synovitis of rheumatoid origin.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.111-115
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• 1992

Miliary Tuberculosis is an illness produced by acute dissemination of tubercle bacilli via the blood stream. In chest roentgenogram, a diffuse "miliary" infiltrates are usually seen, but normal or suspicious ground glass pattern also can be seen in early manifestation. Ten patients of miliary tuberculosis who underwent whole-body $^{67}Ga-citrate$ scintigraphy were evaluated retrospectively to study usefulness of Ga-scan for early diagnosis of miliary Tbc and evaluation of disease activity. All of ten patients demonstrated significantly diffuse bilateral pulmonary uptakes on 48 hours image. All of three patients of ground-glass pattern in chest roentgemogram also demonstrated increased uptakes. In the statistical analysis, the severity of chest roentgenographic findings showed positive correlation with the activity on Ga?scan. These results suggest that Gallium scan is useful for diagnosis of early miliary tuberculosis and for evaluation of disease activity on follow-up examination of miliary tuberculosis of lung.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.105-107
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• 1985

It is very difficult to check the severity and clinical course of the toxicity in snake bite patients by virtes of clinical manifestation and laboratory tests. And we observed the. findings of bone scan with 99mTc-MDP in two snake bite patients. First patient was bitten in the right ankle with local pain and swelling. The finding of bone scan of him was increased uptake of radionuclide in the soft tissue of right leg and thigh. Others were normal findings. Second patient was bitten in the right hand. But his symptom was severe and he complained local pain and swelling, nausea, blurred vision, and oliguria. The bone scan findings of second patient was; Increased uptake of radionuclide in the soft tissue of whole body. Decreased uptake in the bone tissue. Renal outline was not delineated. Follow up study 10 days after, revealed more improved findings in the scan.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.79-91
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• 2011

This study divided school age by considering a change in the stage of body growth by age in elementary schoolgirls with the use of body scan data, and considered by comparing body size characteristics by school age. Elementary schoolgirls' body shape cannot be divided clearly. However, ages 7-10 were bound into the same group for the majority of girth, width, and thickness items. 7-8 years old, 9-10 years old, and 11-12 years old were bound into the same group in most items except ages 9 and 10 for the height item. Thus, significant difference was indicated between groups. Accordingly, this study divided the school age into three periods such as early stage(ages 7-8), middle stage(ages 9-10), and late stage(ages 11-12) in consideration of the stages for elementary schoolgirls' body-shape growth. As a result of analyzing body size according to division of school age, the higher school age leads to continuous growth. The notable growth was indicated especially in the middle stage and late stage. Examining centering on typical items related to the clothing construction, there was notable increase in waist thickness and hip thickness between early and middle stages and in height, weight, breast girth, waist circumference, back length, breast width, and waist width between middle and late stages. On the other hand, hip circumference, hip width, breast thickness, and length between shoulder edges were indicated to grow relatively and evenly among early, middle, and late stages. The lateral form was shown a clear difference in the forms of early, middle, and late stages in height and length of the whole body shape and in side thickness. The early and middle stages belong to body shape that abdomen is projected to be curved. The late stage showed right body shape which is straight and stable form in posture.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.13 no.1_2
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• pp.45-53
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• 1979

Bone scans with $^{99m}Tc$-MDP (methylene diphosphonate) was analysed in 112 patients with various type of biopsy proven malignant tumor who visited Seoul National University Hospital from March 1979 to August 1979. The results were as follows; 1. Of the 112 cases, bone scans were positive in 61 cases (54.1%), while only 27 cases (24.1%) were positive in roentgenogram. 2. Of the 61 cases with positive bone scan, bone metastases were found in 25 cases by roentgenogram. Of the 51 cases with negative bone scan, bone metastasis was found in only 1 case by roentgenogram. 3. In comparison of bone scan and roentgenogram by number of regions, 137 regions were positive in bone scan or roentgenogram. Of these, 46 regions (33.5%) were both bone scan and roentgenogram positive, 89 regions (65.0%) were bone scan positive roentgenogram negative, and 2 regions were bone scan negative roentgenogram positive. 4. Bone scan and roentgenographic findings had significant correlation with the presence of bone pain but no significant correlation with the elevated level of serum alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, Ca, and P. From above result, we found that bone scan was more sensitive than roentgenogram in early detection of bone metastasis in malignant tumors.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2008

Purpose: The image processing method due to the algorism which is various portion nuclear medical image decision is important it makes holds. The purpose of this study is it applies hereupon new image processing method SIEMENS (made by Pixon co.) Onco. flash processing reconstruction and the comparison which use the image control technique of existing the clinical usefulness it analyzes with it evaluates. Materials & Methods: 1. Whole body bone scan-scan speed 20 cm/min, 30 cm/min & 40 cm/min blinding test 2. Bone static spot scan-regional view 200 kcts, 400 kcts for chest, pelvis, foot blinding test 3. 4 quadrant-bar phantom-20000 kcts visual evaluation 4. LSF-FWHM resolution comparison ananysis. Results: 1. Raw data (20 cm/min) & processing data (30 cm/min)-similar level image quality 2. Low count static image-image quality clearly improved at visual evaluation result. 3. Visual evaluation by quadrant bar phantom-rising image quality level 4. Resolution comparison evaluation (FWHM)-same difference from resolution comparison evaluation Conclusion: The study which applies a new method Onco. flash processing reconstruction, it will be able to confirm the image quality improvement which until high level is clearer the case which applies the method of existing better than. The new reconstruction improves the resolution & reduces the noise. This enhances the diagnostic capabilities of such imagery for radiologists and physicians and allows a reduction in radiation dosage for the same image quality. Like this fact, rising of equipment availability & shortening the patient waiting move & from viewpoint of the active defense against radiation currently becomes feed with the fact that it will be the useful result propriety which is sufficient in clinical NM.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2012

The aims of this study are to assess external radiation exposed doses of body and hands of nuclear medicine workers who handle radiation sources, and to measure radiation exposed doses of the hands induced by a whole body bone scan with high frequency and handling a radioactive sources like $^{99m}Tc$-HDP and $^{18}F$-FDG in the PET/CT examination. Skillful workers, who directly dispense and inject from radiation sources, were asked to wear a TLD on the chest and ring finger. Then, radiation exposed dose and duration exposed from daily radiation sources for each section were measured by using a pocket dosimeter for the accumulated external doses and the absorbed dose to the hands. In the survey of four medical institutions in Incheon Metropolitan City, only one of four institutions has a radiation dosimeter for local area like hands. Most of institutions uses radiation shielding devices for the purpose of protecting the body trunk, not local area. Even some institutions were revealed not to use such a shielding device. The exposed doses on the hands of nuclear medicine workers who directly handles radioactive sources were approximately twice as much as those on the body. The radiation exposure level for each section of the whole body bone scan with high frequency and that of the PET/CT examination showed that radiation doses were revealed in decreasing order of synthesis of radioactive medicine and installation to a dispensing container, dispensing, administering and transferring. Furthermore, there were statistically significant differences of radiation exposure doses of the hands before and after wearing a syringe shielder in administration of a radioactive sources. In this study, although it did not reach the permissible effective dose for nuclear medicine, the occupational workers were exposed by relatively higher dose level than the non-occupational workers. Therefore, the workers, who closely exposed to radioactive sources should be in compliance with safety management regulations, and take actions to maximally reduce locally exposed dose to hands monitoring with ring TLD.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.125-132
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• 2006

The PET/CT scanner is an evolution in image technology. The two modalities are complementary with CT and PET images. The PET scan images are well known as low resolution anatomic landmak, but such problems may help with interpretation detailed anatomic framework such as that provided by CT scan. PET/CT offers some advantages-improved lesion localization and identification, more accurate tumor staging. etc. Conventional PET employs tranmission scan require around 4 min./bed position and 30 min. for whole body scan. But PET/CT scanner can reduced by 50% in whole body scan. Especially nowadays PET scanner LSO scintillator-based from BGO without septa and operate in 3-D acquisition mode with multidetectors CT. PET/CT scanner fusion problems solved through hardware rather than software. Such device provides with the capability to acquire accurately aligned anatomic and functional images from single scan. It is very important to effective detection from gamma ray source in PETdetector. And can be offer high quality diagnostic images. So we have study about detection processing of PET detector and high quality imaging process.