• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.31-38
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• 2010

Bus manufacturers have tested and studied the dynamic collapse behavior of a bus body structure in rollover since UN ECE established ECE Regulation 66 to provide the requirement for the strength of bus structure. In spite of the costly cycles of practical tests, however, it is still a hard task to meet the rollover regulation by means of local reinforcements in the bus structure. Therefore it is necessary to develop a well designed strategy for the rollover strength implemented in the early stage of vehicle development. In this study, the suitable development method for each design stage from a component to complete body structure was considered to make a well-established development process of a bus body structure for rollover safety. For the efficient approach of the concept design stage, a numerical model based on the plastic hinge theory was used instead of detailed shell models. After setting up the concept design for the component size and geometry, the shell model was used to confirm and optimize the whole structure composition. The process developed in this study was practically used as an effective method to predict the rollover behavior of a new bus body structure.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.459-469
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• 2003

We examined the effects of calcium intake levels on mineral metabolism during pregnancy using calcium-deficient young adult rats. Five week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed normal Ca (NCa, 0.5%) and low Ca (LCa, 0.15%) diets for five weeks (pre-pregnancy). The low Ca intake group was then divided into three groups and fed low Ca (0.15%), normal Ca (0.5%) and high Ca (1.5%) diets for 3 weeks (pregnancy). All of the rats were mated with normal male rats. The control group was fed a consistently normal Ca (0.5%) diet during pre-pregnancy and pregnancy. On the day after delivery, dams and their pups were sacrificed. We measured total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase and mineral content in serum and weight, length, breaking force, ash and mineral content in the femur and lumbar (L2-L4) of the dams. Whole body mineral content was measured in the pups. There was no difference in weight gain and food intake among the groups. Serum total protein and albumin were in the normal range but a little lower during pregnancy. High Ca supplementation decreased serum Mg and Fe during pregnancy. Weight, ash and Ca of the femur and lumbar significantly decreased in rats fed a chronically low Ca diet during pre-pregnancy and pregnancy. Calcium supplementation levels were above normal during pregnancy and increased the bone weight and breaking force of rats fed the low Ca diet during pre-pregnancy. However, Ca supplementation did not increase the ash and Ca contents in the bones. High Ca supplementation during pregnancy significantly decreased Mg in the bones and increased Ca and P in the kidneys. Ash content of pups from dams fed the chronically low Ca diet decreased but there was no difference in whole body Ca among the groups. Mg and Fe in the whole body decreased in pups from dams fed the high Ca diet. Pregnancy performance was reduced in dams fed the low Ca diet. These results suggest that above normal Ca supplementation levels during pregnancy restored maternal bone status to some extent in rats fed the chronically low Ca diet. The same could not be said for mineral content. Also, high Ca supplementation during pregnancy may deteriorate mineral composition in bones and other tissues. Therefore, more detailed research is needed to facilitate sound recommendations on appropriate calcium intake during pregnancy. (Korean J Nutrition 36(5): 459∼469, 2003)

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.89-105
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• 1993

In order to investigate the effects of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3HUF A) levels on growth and body composition of the Korean rockfish, six experimental diets with various levels of n-3HUFA, which were adjusted by adding squid liver oil and/or soybean oil at $8\%$ dietary lipid level, were fed to the Korean rockfish (6.2g in mean body weight) for 10 weeks. Daily weight gain, feed efficiency and nutrient retention efficiency were the lowest in the fish fed a diet containing 0% n-3HUFA. These parameters were effectively improved by supplementation with n-3HUFA, and showed linear increase up to $1.2\%$ dietary n-3HUFA level (P<0.01). There was no additional response above this level. A higher concentration of nonpolar lipids in the liver was observed for the fish fed insufficient levels of n-3HUFA in the diets. However the liver glycogen content and hepatosomatic index were slightly deareased. The lipid contents of the whole body and vicera showed significantly higher in the fish fed sufficient levels of n-3HUFA in the diets (P<0.05). The fatty acid compositions of polar lipids in the whole body and liver were affected by dietary fatty acid compositions. The contents of n-3HUFA and 18:1 in the liver increased with increasing the n-3HUFA level in the diets, while the 18:2n-6 and 18: 3n-3 decreased. These results suggest that n-3HUFA plays an essential role for normal growth of the Korean rockfish, and the requirement of n-3HUF A is around $1.2\%$ of the diet.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.82-88
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• 2001

Mackerel(Scomber japonicus), pacific saury (Cololabis saira) and sardine(Sardinops melanosticta) is widely distributed in coastal seawater of Korea, these fishes are not effective utilization as processing material cause by rapid lipid oxidation and off flavour. This study was attempted to lipid distribution in body section, whole body, meat, viscera, skin and head, and fatty acid composition of the oils obtained from these body section. The content of total lipid of mackerel, pacific saury and sardine were 12.48%, 12.79% and 13.81% respectively, and lipid contents in different body section of mackerel was muscle 2.31%, viscera 3.54%, skin 1.43% and head 5.20%, while in cause of sardine was muscle 4.17%, viscera 3.15%, skin 1.72%, and head4.77%. The major saturated fatty acids of mackerel, pacific saury and sardine oil were C$\_$16:0/(palmitic acid), C$\_$18:0/(stearic acid), C$\_$14:0/(myristic acid), and monoenoic acids was C$\_$18:0/(oleic acid), C$\_$16:1/ (palmitolic acid), C$\_$22:0/(erucic acid) and C$\_$20:1/(gadoleic acid), in cause of polyenoic acid was C$\_$22:6/(DHA, docosahexaenoic acid), C$\_$20:0/(EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid), C$\_$22:4/(behenic acid), C$\_$18:2/(linoleic acid) high quantity in order. When fresh oil extracted from mackerel, pacific saury and sardine was stored for 20 days at 5$\^{C}$, carbonyl and acid value of oil increased with storage day, but peroxide value decreased after 15 days.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.776-784
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• 2023

Objective: This experiment was conducted to evaluate the inclusion of dietary nontoxic sulfur (NTS) on growth performance, immune response, sulfur amino acid composition and meat characteristics in growing-finishing pigs. Methods: A total of 140 crossbred pigs ([Yorkshire×Landrace]×Duroc) with an average body weight of 34.73±0.66 kg were used for the 12-week feeding trial. Experimental pigs were allotted to one of 5 treatments in 4 replicates of 7 pigs per pen in a randomized complete block (RCB) design. The experimental treatments were as follows (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4% NTS levels): i) Control, corn soybean meal (SBM)-based diet; ii) NTS 0.1, basal diet + NTS 0.1%; iii) NTS 0.2, basal diet + NTS 0.2%; iv) NTS 0.4, basal diet + NTS 0.4%. Results: Body weight increased linearly as dietary NTS levels increased up to 0.2% (linear; p = 0.04) in the early finishing phase (9 weeks). During the whole experimental period, body weight and average daily gain linearly increased as the dietary NTS level increased in the diet (linear; both p = 0.01), but quadratic responses in body weight and average daily gain were observed with the addition of NTS 0.4% (quadratic, both p = 0.01). In the late finishing period, the IgG concentration increased linearly (linear; p = 0.01) as the dietary NTS level increased up to 4%. In the finishing period, a linear response was observed as a dietary NTS level was added (linear; p = 0.03), and supplementation with 0.2% NTS resulted in a higher methionine content than the other treatments (quadratic; p = 0.01). NST 0.2% had a lower value of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (quadratic; p = 0.01). Conclusion: Consequently, supplementation with dietary NTS up to 0.2% could improve growth performance, amino acid composition in hair and meat antioxidation capacity.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.734-740
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• 2023

The effect of feeding frequency on growth performance, body nutrient composition, and hematological parameters of juvenile chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta was investigated. The juveniles (10.9±0.3 g) were fed commercial feed for 30 days with feeding frequencies of 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 meal (s)/day (n=2 tanks per treatment) in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). Fish were fed to satiation at each of the feeding frequencies. At the end of the feeding trial, final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate of fish fed 2 meals/day were significantly higher than those of fish fed 1 meal/day(P<0.05); however, no difference was detected among the other feeding frequencies. Daily feed intake significantly increased with increasing feeding frequency, whereas feed and protein utilization efficiencies continuously decreased with increase in the feeding frequency. Among the treatments, fish fed 1 meal/day showed the lowest value in whole-body lipid content and total protein concentration in plasma. Taken together, the optimal feeding frequency for growth performance and feed utilization efficiency in chum salmon juveniles reared in the RAS was determined to be 2 meals/day.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.49-53
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• 2016

Related researches are progressing that method of non-contact method using the electromagnetic field on the human body by detecting the motion recognition signal is the limitations of time and space, so less than the existing systems. In this paper, we designed the circuit system that can implement the hardware that can detect the electric field signal of the human body non-contact method to increase the recognition rate to screen this digital waveform. The PCB design Used to automatically increase of composition of the circuit and the linkage of the comparator digital waveform with circuit simulation of the system. At same time for evaluate the characteristics of the whole circuit system.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 2010

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary lipid sources on the growth and fatty acid composition of juvenile sea cucumber. For 12 weeks, three replicate groups of sea cucumber (average weight 1.4 g) were fed one of three diets, containing squid liver oil (SLO), soybean oil (SO), or linseed oil (LO) as a dietary lipid source, or a control diet (CON) without added lipids. Sea cucumber survival was not significantly different among dietary treatments (P>0.05). The highest weight gain was observed in sea cucumber fed the SLO diet, whereas the weight gain of sea cucumber fed the SO diet was the lowest among dietary treatments (P<0.05). No significant differences were found in the moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, and ash contents of whole sea cucumber body among dietary treatments (P>0.05). Concentrations of 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 were significantly higher in sea cucumber fed the SLO diet than in those fed on the other diets. The highest 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 contents were observed in sea cucumber fed the SO and LO diets, respectively. The results of this study suggest that squid liver oil could be used as a good lipid source in formulated diets for juvenile sea cucumber.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.87-95
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted for compare domestic experimental microparticulated diets with imported commercial microparticulated diets in olive flounder larvae, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck et Schlegel). Fish larve were fed four microparticulated diets from 8th day after hatching. Four diets were two commercial microparticulated diets D and H, and experimental microparticulated diets K1 and K2 formulated each with different protein sources (diet K1 ; squid meal, blood meal, yeast extract, chlorella powder, olive flounder muscle, Lys, and Met ; diet K2 ; whole egg protein, krill meal, short-necked clam meal, squid muscle, live yeast, yeast extract, and casein). There were no significant differences on body weight, body length and survival rates among four diet treatments up to the 40th day after hatching. At the 83th day after hatching, fish fed diet D had a significantly higher survival rate than that of fish fed diet K2, whereas there was no significant difference between to diet H and K1. Fish fed diet D had a significantly higher body weight than these of fish fed diaet K1 and K2, whereas there was no significant difference between fish fed diet D and H. There was no significant difference on EPA and DHA of body fatty acid composition among four diet treatments up to the 83th day after hatching. These results show that nutritionally well-ballanced domestic microparticulated diets for olive flouner lavae can be developed.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.229-234
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• 2002

Possibility of raising sunshine bass during the winter season in Korea was investigated. Also, the effect of feed on growth and body composition of sunshine bass was compared at the various salinity. Twenty sunshine bass $(Mean\;weight\;\pm S.D.\: :\;53.9 \pm 0.24 g)$ were stocked into the eighteen circular flow-through tanks. A 2 (feed) $\times$ 3 (salinity) factorial design with triplicate was used for this study. Feed was prepared into the 2 groups: the raw fish-based me>ist pellet (MP) containing $59.5\%$ crude protein and $9.4\%$ crude lipid, and commercial sinking red sea bream feed (CF) containing $49.9\%$ crude protein and $9.4\%$ crude lipid, respectively. And salinity was prepared into the 3 groups: freshwater $(0\%)$, brackishwater $(15\%)$, and seawater $(32\%)$. Fish were fed to satiation twice daily for 6 days a week. Fish were all survived at the end of the 8-week feeding trial. Weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) of sunshine bass were significantly (P<0.05) affected by both feed and salinity. WG and SGR of sunshine bass fed the MP were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of fish fed the CF in the same salinity. Amount of dry feed fed was significantly (P<0.05) affected by both feed and salinity. Feed consumption by sunshine bass fed on the MP was significantly (P<0,05) higher than by fish fed on the CF in the same salinity. Feed efficiency ratio (FER) was significantly (P<0,05) affected by salinity, but not by feed. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) was significantly (P<0.05) affected by both feed and salinity. Moisture and protein content of the whole-body of fish was not significantly (P>0.05) affected by either feed or salinity. However, lipid and ash content of the whole-body of fish was significantly (P<0.05) affected by salinity, but not by feed. In conclusion, the MP was superior to CF for growth of sunshine bass during the winter season in Korea and no mortality occurred. And sunshine bass seemed to grow better in freshwater $(0\%)$ and brac-kishwater $(15\%)$ than seawater $(32\%)$ under these experimental conditions, in terms of improvement in FER and PER in freshwater or brackishwater.