• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.234-241
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• 2013

The phenolic compounds of water extracts from Prunella vulgaris were highest at 9.25 mg/g, respectively, when various extraction solvents were used. The optimum condition for extracting phenolic compounds from Prunella vulgaris was extraction in water for 18hr. The DPPH-scavenging activities of Prunella vulgaris were highest at the water extracts. The ABTS radical cation decolorization was higher than 40% in the range of 0~100% ethanol extract section. The antioxidant protection factor on the lipophilic phenolic metabolites was shown to be 1.1 PF in the water extracts from Prunella vulgaris. The TBARS was lower than the control ($0.53{\mu}M$) in all the sections. The tyrosinase inhibitory effect, which is related to skin whitening, was above 40%, and for the anti-wrinkle effect, the elastase inhibition activity was above 40% at 0.2 mg/mL. The astringent effect of the Prunella vulgaris 40% ethanol extracts was 98.1% at 1 mg/mL. As a result, it can be concluded that Prunella vulgaris has the potential to be used as a cosmetic material.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1208-1217
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• 2019

Saposhnikovia has been used as a traditional medicinal herb in Asia because of the reported anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic rhinitis, pro-whitening, anti-atopy, anti-allergy, and anti-dermatopathy effects of the phytochemical compounds it contains. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant effects of a Saposhnikovia extract after fermentation by Lactobacillus plantarum BHN-LAB 33. Saposhnikovia powder was inoculated with L. plantarum BHN-LAB 33 and fermented at $37^{\circ}C$ for 72 hr. After fermentation, the total polyphenol content of the Saposhnikovia extract increased by about 14%, and the total flavonoid content increased by about 9%. The superoxide dismutase-like activities, DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, reducing power activity, and tyrosinase inhibition activity also increased after fermentation by approximately 70%, 80%, 45%, 39%, and 44%, respectively. The results confirmed that fermentation of a Saposhnikovia extract by L. plantarum BHN-LAB 33 is an effective way to increase the antioxidant effects of the extract. The bioconversion process investigated in this study may have the potential to produce phytochemical-enriched natural antioxidant agents with high added value from Saposhnikovia matrices. These results can also be applied to the development of improved foods and cosmetic materials.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.719-728
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• 2021

Melanin pigments are abundantly distributed in mammalian skin, hair, eyes, and nervous system. Under normal physiological conditions, melanin protects the skin against various environmental stresses and acts as a physiological redox buffer to maintain homeostasis. However, abnormal melanin accumulation results in various hyperpigmentation conditions, such as chloasma, freckles, senile lentigo, and inflammatory pigmentation. Tyrosinase, a copper-containing enzyme, plays an important role in the regulation of the melanin pigment biosynthetic pathway. Although several whitening agents based on tyrosinase inhibition have been developed, their side effects, such as allergies, DNA damage, mutagenesis, and cytotoxicity of melanocytes, limit their applications. In this study, we synthesized 4-chromanone derivatives (MHY compounds) and investigated their ability to inhibit tyrosinase activity. Of these compounds, (E)-3-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)chroman-4-one (MHY1294) more potently inhibited the enzymatic activity of tyrosinase (IC₅₀ = 5.1±0.86 μM) than kojic acid (14.3±1.43 μM), a representative tyrosinase inhibitor. In addition, MHY1294 showed competitive inhibitory action at the catalytic site of tyrosinase and had greater binding affinity at this site than kojic acid. Furthermore, MHY1294 effectively inhibited α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced melanin synthesis and intracellular tyrosinase activity in B16F10 melanoma cells. The results of the present study indicate that MHY1294 may be considered as a candidate pharmacological agent and cosmetic whitening ingredient.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.943-949
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• 2012

The content phenolic compounds in extracts from Rehmannia glutinosa was the highest in 40% ethanol extracts as $5.1{\pm}0.2mg/g$. DPPH scavenging activity of R. glutinosa extracts was high in water extracts and 40% ethanol extracts as 85~93%, ABTS radical cation decolorization of water extracts and 40% ethanol extracts was about the same as 55~62%, antioxidant protection factor (PF) was confirmed in water extracts and 40% ethanol extracts as 1.6~1.9 PF, and TBARs of water extracts and 40% ethanol extracts were concluded to have the similar antioxidant effects. The hypertension inhibitory activity of water extracts and 40% ethanol extracts from R. glutinosa indicated the activities as 87.2% and 81.1%, anti-gout activity was determined very low in R. glutinosa extracts and antimicrobial activity against skin microorgasm was confirmed, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity was determined as 70.2% in 40% ethanol extracts, it was expected the whitening effects in 40% ethanol extracts. The elastase inhibitory activity which are related to the wrinkle cause was observed in water extracts and 40% ethanol extracts as 76.2% and 57.2%. The hyaluronidase inhibitory activity to R. glutinosa extracts was observed weakly in only 40% ethanol extracts of $200{\mu}g/ml$ phenolic content as 5.1%.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5350-5355
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• 2012

Human tyrosinase (hTyr) catalyzes the first and rate limiting step in the biosynthesis of a skin color determinant, melanin. Although a number of cosmetic companies have tried to develop hTyr inhibitors for several decades, absence of 3D structure of hTyr make it impossible to design or screen inhibitors by structure-based approach. Therefore, we built a 3D structure by comparative modeling technique based on the crystal structure of tyrosinase from Bacillus megaterium to provide structural information and to search new hit compounds from database. Our model revealed that two copper atoms of active site located deep inside and were coordinated with six strictly conserved histidine residues coming from four-helix-bundle. Substrate binding site had narrow funnel like shape and its entrance was wide and exposed to solvent. In addition, hTyr-tyrosine and hTyr-kojic acid, a well-known inhibitor, complexes were modeled with the guide of solvent accessible surface generated by in-house software. Our model demonstrated that only phenol group or its analogs could fill the binding site near the nuclear copper center, because inside of binding site had narrow shape relatively. In conclusion, the results of this study may provide helpful information for designing and screening new anti-melanogenic agents.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2017

The extracted phenolic compounds from Pinus densiflora root were examined biological activities for beauty food. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity which was related to skin-whitening was observed. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity was confirmed to be 92% in ethanol extract at $50{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic. The elastase and collagenase inhibitory activity as anti-wrinkle effect were showed 61 and 78% in ethanol extract at $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic, respectively. Astringent effect of ethanol extract was showed to be 82% at $50{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic. Hyaluronidase inhibitory activity of ethanol extract as anti-inflammation effect was confirmed to be 94% of inhibition at $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic. These results demonstrated that isolated phenolic compounds from P. densiflora root could be expected to use as a functional cosmetic materials.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.207-215
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• 2012

Phenolic compounds of $17.9{\pm}1.0mg/g$ were extracted from Ulmus pumila with 70% ethanol. The elastase inhibitory activity related with forming wrinkle was shown an excellent wrinkle improvement effect in 70% ethanol extracts as 55.5-69.5% at phenolic concentration of $50-200{\mu}g/mL$. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity related with skin-whitening was 24% in 70% ethanol extracts at phenolic concentration of $200{\mu}g/mL$. The astringent activity of 70% ethanol extracts was shown activity of 71% at phenolic concentration of $200{\mu}g/mL$ therefore it is judged that there is a high effect on pores reduction of the skin. The hyaluronidase inhibitory activity of U. pumila extracts was confirmed anti-inflammation effect of 80% at phenolic concentration of $50{\mu}g/mL$. Antimicrobial activity of U. pumila water extracts was shown each 8.7, 10.0, 11.1 and 11.8 mm clear zones on Propionebacterium acnes at phenolic concentration of $50-200{\mu}g/mL$. The stability of the multi-functional cosmetic (lotion) added U. pumila extracts was very stable for 28 days without changing of pH and viscosity also it's stable on temperature and sun lights. As the concentration of extracts was increased, the color of lotion was getting dark, but the sensory evaluation was high at score of 8.5.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.47-50
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• 2011

To develop a new natural whitening agent, we investigated the tyrosinase inhibitory effects of Persicaria tinctoria Flower extracts (PTFE). PTFE showed inhibitory activity on mushroom tyrosinase with the $IC_{50}$ values of $70.8{\pm}2.2{\mu}g/mL$. We purified two active compounds from PTFE by LH-20 column chromatography and prep-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and identified as quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (Q3R) and myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside (M3R) by $^1H$nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Q3R and M3R showed tyrosinase inhibitory activities with the $IC_{50}$ values of $47.0{\pm}0.1{\mu}g/mL$ and $150.5{\pm}1.6{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. These results suggest that PTFE and its active compounds reduced melanin formation by the inhibition of tyrosinase activity. Thus, P. tinctoria flower extracts may be a candidate for cosmetic use.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.110-115
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• 2012

Various unripe peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) seeds, which were picked on late May, were subjected to 80% methanol extracts to investigate the antioxidant activities, whitening effects, and anti-wrinkle activities. The yield of 6 cultivars (Takinosawa Gold, Kawanakawase Hakuto, Madoka, Yumefuji, Nagasawa Hakuho, and Hong Bak) from unripe peaches were the highest on Yumefuji, followed by Madoka, Kawanakawase Hakuto, Takinosawa Gold, Hong Bak, and Nagasawa Hakuho (6.16%, 6.08%, 5.65%, 5.25%, 5.23%, and 5.20%). The content of the total polyphenol of seed extracts ranged from 18.33 to 27.08 mg/g. The antioxidant in vitro assays including the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were the highest with Hong Bak and Kawanakawase Hakuto. The tyrosinase inhibition activity greatly affected the Takinosawa Gold and Kawanakawase Hakuto. Compared to the elastase inhibition activity of 6 cultivars, Madoka was higher than others, while the lowest was Hong Bak. The significant correlation coefficient values were determined (more than p=0.05) between the yield, total polyphenol content, antioxidant activities, tyrosinase inhibition, and elastase inhibition activities. The results suggested that the total polyphenol content has a high positive value on the DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and tyrosinase inhibition activity. Also, the tyrosinase inhibition activity and elastase inhibition activity showed a significant correlation (r=+0.594). The ABTS inhibition activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity that is the most suitable character represented significant positive correlation (r=+0.846). This data suggested that the methanol extracts from these unripe peaches could be potential candidates for natural cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.544-549
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• 2017

The spent coffee grounds (SCG) are considered valuable by-products because they contain various bioactive compounds. The SCG extraction (SCGE) was irradiated at doses ranging between 30 and 50 kGy. The deep dark-brown color of SCGE was changed to a bright yellow color by gamma irradiation. The content of the bioactive compounds of gamma-irradiated SCGE was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Interestingly, the content of quinic acid was increased by gamma irradiation, whereas other compounds were decreased. Although the contents of bioactive compounds were changed by gamma irradiation, the biological activities (radical scavenging activity and whitening effects) of SCGE were unaffected. Our findings suggest that gamma irradiation can effectively improve the color values of SCGE without the loss of biological activities. Consequently, gamma irradiation can be a useful tool for improving the utilization of SCGE in the cosmetic industry.