• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.123-127
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• 2019

In this study, white spots appearing in carapace of imported white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were observed by macroscopic and microscopic examination. White spots due to white spot disease showed two types, white spots with a regular circular shape ranging from 0.4 mm to 1.7 mm and white spots with an irregular shape ranging from 0.05 mm to 2 mm. White spots due to other causes showed four types that appeared as crystalized materials in range of 100 ㎛ around the tegumental gland, as polygonal inorganic deposits ranging from 58 ㎛ to 188 ㎛, as Linear inorganic deposits ranging from 0.8 mm to 9 mm, as brownish spots ranging from 0.1 mm to 0.4 mm, and brownish spots containing melanin ranging from 0.1 mm to 2 mm. As a result, white spots occurred in imported white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were divide two type, due to white spot disease or other causes, for quarantine works.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.181-191
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• 1994

Occurrence of diseases in economic resource plants in Korea is poorly known. This paper reports short descriptions on symptom, occurrence condition, pathogen, and some phytopathological notes for each 10 fungal plant diseases new to Korea; leaf spot of Rosa multiflora with Seimatosporium discosioides causing leaf spot and defoliation, leaf blight of Equisetum arvense with Titaeospora equiseti causing leaf spot to leaf blight, leaf blight of Setaria viridis with Phyrenochaeta setariae causing leaf spot of Aster tataricus with Septoria astericola causing leaf spot and black spot, powdery mildew of Clematis fusca var. coreana with Erysiphe ranunculi causing powdery mildew and dwarfing, powder mildew of Ligularia stenocephala with Erysiphe galeopsidis causing powdery mildew and dwarfing, powdery mildew of Phlox subulata with Erysiphe cichoracearum causing powdery mildew and defoliation tar spot of Lonicera japonica with Rhytisma lonicericola causing tar spot and dwarfing, white rust of Pharbitis nil with Albugo ipomoeae-pandulatae causing white rust and deformation, and white rust of Achyranthes japonica with Albugo achyranthis causing white rust and defoliation.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.236-239
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• 2012

Although several methods including composite resin restoration and microabrasion have been used for management of white spot lesion, tooth jewelry can be considered as another noninvasive option. This case report describes the management of white spot lesions by using tooth jewelry. This report also highlights the patients' preference for tooth jewelry as an esthetic concern.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.359-363
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• 2013

This article describes the treatment provided to a patient with the maxillary anterior teeth exhibiting severe secondary caries beneath the previous restoration and a white spot lesion on the adjacent incisor. Two implants were placed after extraction of hopeless teeth with the guided bone regeneration technique. A white spot lesion of the adjacent incisor was treated with minimally invasive treatment. This clinical report describes the multidisciplinary treatment for the white spot lesion and esthetic restoration of missing anterior teeth.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.731-738
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• 2003

The technique known as proteomics is useful for characterizing the protein expression pattern of a particular tissue or cell type as well as quantitatively identifying differences in the levels of individual proteins. In present study, we carried out the comparative expression patterns of white and red muscles. We used the two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE) for analyzing the protein expression. Proteins isolated from porcine white and red muscles were separated by 12% poly-acrylamide gel and then were detected by coomassie blue and silver staining. More than 600 protein spots were detected on each 2-DE gel. By visual analysis of the stained gel, five proteins were identified to be differentially expressed in the white vs red muscle. By database searching based on the molecular weights and pI(isoelectric point) of the five proteins, three of them were found to be most close to troponin I, T and myoglobin. However, further researche is needed for identification and functional analysis of the unidentified proteins. In conclusion, we found five proteins, which are differentially expressed in the white vs red muscle. The functional analysis of the differentially expressed proteins will provide valuable information on biochemical characteristics of the muscle type.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2000

Infection rates with white spot baculovirus(WSBV) in wild-caught shrimp spawners appeared to be 52% in Penaeus chinensis and 20% in Penaeus japonicus when diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Infection rates of WSBV from inhabitant organisms in shrimp farm showed 37% in Upogebia major and 29% in Calliamassa japonica. The viruses maintained their survivorship in seawater at $4^{\circ}C$, but lost it at $25^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.461-467
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• 2017

Shrimps infected with WSSV(White Spot Syndrome Virus) generally exhibit white spots in their inner space of carapaces as an acute clinical sign. In an effort to identify the correlation between this acute clinical sign and the condition, the index factors (RNA/DNA concentration and ratio, trypsin activity) were analyzed. A total 580 farmed Fenneropenaeus chinensis and 130 Lithopenaeus vannamei were collected from western and southern fifteen outdoor ponds in Korea. The status of the white spot pathology was divided into four stages (stage 0, stage I, stage II, and stage III), in accordance with the clinical signs as to the size and area of white spots. A significant decrease in RNA concentration and RNA/DNA ratio for multi-infected fleshy prawn (WSSV and vibrio sp.) occurred during the stage III (the whole carapace is covered with a white spot). In particular, RNA/DNA ratio was significantly lower as $1.47{\pm}0.04$ than other groups. A similar trend was also found in the single infection (WSSV), but the decrease was less than the multi-infection. In the species comparison, both species were vulnerable to the multi-infection, but L. vannamei was more sensitive than F. chinensis(ANOVA, p<0.05): A significant decrease in RNA concentration and RNA/DNA ratio was first found in stage II for the former species, while it was found in stage III for the latter species. Trypsin activity was also showed a similar tendency with nucleic acid variation. Multi-infected shrimp showed drastically decrease of trypsin activity. According to the results, clinical signs of the white spot under carapace have an only physiological effect on shrimp if they covered entirely with white spots.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.361-365
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• 2003

Several species of planthoppers such as brown planthopper, N. lugens (Stal) (BPH), smaller brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus (Fall n) (SBPH), and white-backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horv th) (WBPH) are distributed in Korean rice paddies but not easy to discriminate them in situ. Accurate discrimination of them is an indispensable process in the forecasting for their outbreak and control. Especially, innovative discrimination method for BPH was required because BPH was one of the most important insect pest of rice. Nymphs and adults of BPHs, SBPHS, and WBPHS, thus, were examined their morphological characteristics in the paddies and laboratory. The nymphs of BPH had different characters from those of SBPH and WBPH. The nymphs of BPH had white fluorescent spot between bottom of compound eye and antenna, while there was no that spot the other two species. The white spot was the brightest at the nymphs just after hatching and getting weaker as the nymph developed. At last the white spot was totally disappeared at the adult stage. This white spot was innovative criterium to discriminate nymphs of BPH, SBPH, and WBPH in rice paddies.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.66-71
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• 2011

This case report compared the effectiveness of resin infiltration technique (Icon, DMG) with microabrasion (Opalustre, Ultradent Products, Inc.) in management of white spot lesions. It demonstrates that although neither microabrasion nor resin infiltration technique can remove white spot lesions completely, resin infiltration technique seems to be more effective than microabrasion. Therefore resin infiltration technique can be chosen preferentially for management of white spot lesions and caution should be taken for case selection.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.328-330
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• 2000

A terget leaf spot of red and white clovers was observed during 1998-2000 growing seasons in several fields of Chungnam and Chungbuk provinces in Korea. Lesions were circular to oval in outline, brown to dark brown, ranging from a pinpoint to 3-4 mm in diameter, often concentrically zonate and presenting a target effect. A fungus associated with the disease was identified as Stemphylium sarciniforme based on the morphological characteristics of the conidiophores and conidia. The fungus was pathogenic on red and white clovers in the inoculation test. This is the first record of a terget leaf spot of red and white clovers in Korea.