• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2005

Objective : The aim of this study is to assess the significance of an apparent diffusion coefficient[ADC] study for diagnosis of ventriculitis. Methods : Seven patients with ventriculitis were enrolled in this study. Diffusion-weighted[DW] magnetic resonance images[MRI] and ADC maps in the dependent intraventricular collection, periventricular white matter and non-dependent cerebrospinal fluid[CSF] were obtained. The images and ADC data from the different lesions were compared. Results : The DW MRI showed marked hyperintensity in the purulent pus lesion, and the corresponding ADC maps revealed prominent hypointensity and restricted ADC values compared with the non-dependent CSF and normal white matter. Conclusion : The decreased ADC value and increased signal intensity of the dependent intraventricular fluid on the DW MRI show restricted water diffusion in the purulent fluid, which is indicative of a pyogenic ventriculitis diagnosis.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.310-312
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• 2000

Leukemia is a malignancy caused by precursor cells of white blood cell. It is a malignant tumor of hematopoietic organs, characterized by the disorder of hematopoietic function due to the proliferation of immature bone marrow cells or lymphatic cells and by abnormal tissue infiltration of leukemic cells. The major signs of leukemia are caused by the failure of bone marrow function. As the number of red blood cells decreases, anemia is to appear. The number of white blood cells in leukemia is usually increased but immature white blood cells circulating the body has little defense ability, thus become susceptible to infection. 27 year-old female patient who was treated chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation after diagnosed as chronic myelogenous leukemia(CML) was diagnosed as osteomyelitis in mandible after clinical and dental radiographic film examination. Because of the result of examination, the involved tooth of the patient was extracted accompanied by sequestrectomy and saucerization under general anesthesia. After the patient had long term medication of antibiotics, the lesion was healed. Therefore. author, et al. report this case with literature review.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.2099-2103
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• 2016

Background: The gold standard diagnosis of H. pylori related gastritis is evidence of bacteria on histopathological examination of gastric mucosa. Our aim was to study the correlation between gastric mucosal morphology and histopathological severity of H. pylori related gastritis. Materials and Methods: Division was made on morphological features into:Type 1, showing regular arrangement of red dots; Type 2, showing cleft-like appearance; Type 3, with a mosaic appearance; and Type 4, having a mosaic appearance with focal or diffuse hyperemia. Results: Types 1 and 2 gastric mucosal morphologies were statistically significant in predicting an H. pylori negative status (137/145, p<0.01), while Types 3 and 4 were significant a positive status (139/155, p<0.01). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of Type 3 and 4 morphologies for predicting H. pylori positive were 94.6%, 89.5%, 89.7% and 94.5%, respectively, with a good correlation with inflammation grading (p<0.01). Conclusions: Our study suggests that gastric mucosal morphology can be reliably identified using conventional white light source gastroscopy with good correlation between findings and inflammation grading.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.643-650
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• 2017

Vascular dementia (VaD) is a group of heterogeneous diseases with the common feature of cerebral hypoperfusion. To identify key factors contributing to VaD pathophysiology, we performed a detailed comparison of Wistar and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats subjected to permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAo). Eight-week old male Wistar and SD rats underwent BCCAo, followed by a reference memory test using a five-radial arm maze with tactile cues. Continuous monitoring of cerebral blood flow (CBF) was performed with a laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) system. A separate cohort of animals was sacrificed for evaluation of the brain vasculature and white matter damage after BCCAo. We found reference memory impairment in Wistar rats, but not in SD rats. Moreover, our LDPI system revealed that Wistar rats had significant hypoperfusion in the brain region supplied by the posterior cerebral artery (PCA). Furthermore, Wistar rats showed more profound CBF reduction in the forebrain region than did SD rats. Post-mortem analysis of brain vasculature demonstrated greater PCA plasticity at all time points after BCCAo in Wistar rats. Finally, we confirmed white matter rarefaction that was only observed in Wistar rats. Our studies show a comprehensive and dynamic CBF status after BCCAo in Wistar rats in addition to severe PCA dolichoectasia, which correlated well with white matter lesion and memory decline.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.374-392
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• 2023

Objective: Assess and evaluate the different indicators of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among patients treated with clear aligners (CAs) versus those treated with conventional fixed orthodontics (FAs). Methods: An electronic search was performed on the database is Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases. Randomized and non-randomized control trials, cross-sectional, prospective cohort and retrospective trials were included. Quality was assessed with risk of bias tool and risk of bias in non-randomised studies. Meta-analyses were performed with random effects models, estimating the standardized and non-standardized mean differences, odds ratio and risk ratio as the measure of effect. The effect on time was determined using a meta-regression model. Results: Thirty one articles were included in the qualitative synthesis and 17 in the meta-analysis. CAs had a significantly lower negative impact on QoL, with an "important" effect size, while the influence of time was not significant. Periodontal indicators plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and bleeding on probing show significantly better values in patients treated with CAs, with moderate to large effect sizes. PI and GI have a significant tendency to improve over time. In microbiological indicators, CAs present a lower biofilm mass without differences in the percentage of patients with high counts of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli bacteria. The risk of white spot lesion onset is ten times lower in carriers of CAs. Conclusions: Patients wearing CAs show better periodontal indicators, less risk of white spot development, less biofilm mass and a better QoL than patients with FAs.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.89-95
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• 2024

Background/Aims: In stereomicroscopic sample isolation processing, the cutoff value (≥4 mm) of stereomicroscopically visible white cores indicates high diagnostic sensitivity. We aimed to evaluate endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA) using a simplified stereomicroscopic on-site evaluation of upper gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions (SELs). Methods: In this multicenter prospective trial, we performed EUS-TA using a 22-gauge Franseen needle in 34 participants with SELs derived from the upper gastrointestinal muscularis propria, requiring pathological diagnosis. The presence of stereomicroscopically visible white core (SVWC) in each specimen was assessed using stereomicroscopic on-site evaluation. The primary outcome was EUS-TA's diagnostic sensitivity with stereomicroscopic on-site evaluation based on the SVWC cutoff value (≥4 mm) for malignant upper gastrointestinal SELs. Results: The total number of punctures was 68; 61 specimens (89.7%) contained stereomicroscopically visible white cores ≥4 mm in size. The final diagnoses were gastrointestinal stromal tumor, leiomyoma, and schwannoma in 76.5%, 14.7%, and 8.8% of the cases, respectively. The sensitivity of EUS-TA with stereomicroscopic on-site evaluation based on the SVWC cutoff value for malignant SELs was 100%. The per-lesion accuracy of histological diagnosis reached the highest level (100%) at the second puncture. Conclusions: Stereomicroscopic on-site evaluation showed high diagnostic sensitivity and could be a new method for diagnosing upper gastrointestinal SELs using EUS-TA.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2014

Purpose : Spin-echo (SE) technique is most commonly used pulse sequence for T1-weighted MR imaging. T1-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (T1FLAIR) is a relatively new pulse sequence and it provides higher tissue contrast between the gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) of the brain than T1-weighted SE (T1SE) sequence. However, there has been controversy for the evaluation of enhancing brain tumors with T1FLAIR compared to T1SE. The purpose of this study was to compare T1FLAIR and T1SE sequences for the evaluation of enhancing intracranial tumors. Materials and Methods: Fifty-two patients with enhancing brain tumors were evaluated with contrast-enhanced (CE) T1SE and T1FLAIR imaging. Eight quantitative criteria were calculated: lesion-to-WM contrast ratio (CR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), lesion-to-GM CR and CNR, lesion-to-CSF CR and CNR, and WM-to-GM CR and CNR. For qualitative evaluation, two radiologists assessed lesion conspicuity on CE T1SE and T1FLAIR sequences with three-scale: 1, T1SE superior; 2, sequence equal; T1FLAIR superior. Results: Seventy-nine tumors (31 primaries, 48 metastases) were assessed. For quantitative measurement, the T1FLAIR lesion-to-GM, lesion-to-CSF, WM-to-GM CR and CNR values were comparable and statistically superior to those of the T1SE images (p < 0.001 in all). However, lesion-to-WM CR and CNR were similar on both two sequences without statistically significant difference (p = 0.661, 0.662, respectively). For qualitative evaluation, both radiologists assessed that T1FLAIR images were superior to T1SE images for the evaluation of lesion conspicuity. Conclusion: For the evaluation of enhancing intracranial tumors, T1FLAIR sequence was superior or comparable to T1SE sequence.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.191-193
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• 2004

A 9-year-old male poodle dog exhibited a white to yellow 3.0$\times$2.0$\times$3.9 cm mass in the left testicle with cryptorchidism and monorchidism. Grossly, necrosis and hemorrhage were observed on the cut surface of the mass. Histopathologically the mass consisted of seminoma and sertoli cell tumor (SCT). Seminoma was characterized with diffuse solitary pattern in which tumor cells had polygonal nuclei and clear cell border. SCT was composed of compact neoplastic cells with small nuclei and indefinite cytoplasm. The tumor was occupied mainly with SCT. SCT and seminoma were observed occasionally in the same lesion. From these results, this case was diagnosed as concurrent seminoma and SCT in the left cryptorchidism and monorchidism. To our knowledge, this is the first report of concurrent occurrence of seminoma and SCT in a dog with cryptorchidism and monorchidism in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.441-445
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• 1996

A case of necrotizing meningoencephalitis was described in a 3-year-old female pug dog. Significant histopathological changes were confined to the brain. Histopathologically, brain lesion of the pug dog was characterized by (1) severe lymphocyte, plasma cell and macrophage infiltration in the meninges and gray and white matter of the cerebral hemisphere, (2) perivascular mononuclear cell cuffing and (3) focal polioencephalomalacia in the gray matter of cerebrum. Replicate sections of the brain and lung were negative for fungal infection, canine distemper and toxoplasmosis on PAS stain and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Based on clinical signs, histopathological and immunohistochemical studies, this case was diagnosed as necrotizing meningoencephalitis in pug dog that had not been preriously described in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.393-395
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• 2006

Desmoplastic fibromas are rare intraosseous bone tumors. They are benign but locally aggressive and frequently found in the long bones and mandible. We report radiographic and histopathologic finding of a case desmoplastic fibroma involving right temporal skull bone. A 53-year-old woman presented at our hospital complaining of continuous right side headaches for a year. Simple skull X-ray film showed $3{\times}2.5cm$ lytic lesion with mild sclerotic margin on right temporal area. A large craniectomy 1cm lateral to margin was fashioned. The resected mass showed encapsulated mass colored white gray. Histologic diagnosis was compatible with that of a the desmoplastic fibroma. There was no evidence of recurrence during the 15months of follow-up period.