• Title/Summary/Keyword: White Ginseng

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Effects of Compositions of Saponin Fraction from Korean Red Ginseng in the Relaxation of Rabbit and Rat Corpus Cavernosum (토끼와 흰쥐 음경해면체 이완작용에 미치는 홍삼사포닌 분획별 효과)

  • Choi Young Deuk;Park Jin Ah;Choi Hyung Ki;Nam Ki Yeul
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.23 no.1 s.53
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    • pp.13-20
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    • 1999
  • We previously reported that Korean red ginseng (KRG) has a relaxation effect on the smooth muscles of corpus cavernosum via nitric oxide (NO) pathway and calcium and potassium channels. However, it is suggested that the active ingredients of KRG might be different depending on the sources of preparation, and there might be differences in actions for different compositions. We first investigated the composition of KRG saponins according to the extractions of the various sources of KRG, then with these extractions the relaxation effects were evaluated in vitro and hemodynamical in vivo using New Zealand white rabbit and rat corpus cavernosum. The total compositions of ginsenoside $(G-Rb_1,\;-Rb_2,\;-Rc,\;-Rd,\;G-Re,\;-Rf,\;-Rg_1)$ in fractionated KRG saponin designated as TS-1, TS-2, TS-3 were $41\%,\;40\%,\;and\;62\%,$ respectively, and the ratios of PD saponin and PT saponin (PD/PT) were 1,55, 1.72, 2.25, and 2.61, the values of which were statistically significant. In vitro studies using the rabbit corpus cavernosal muscle strips, the KRG saponin relaxed cavernosal strips in a dose-dependent manner, and same results were observed in in vivo studies, that KRG saponin increased the intracavernosal pressure in the rat. There was difference in the efficacy according to fractionation techniques. The differences in the total contents of ginsenosides did not affect relaxation, rather PT saponin content was statistically related to the degree of cavernosal relaxation, and this action presumed to be mediated by NO pathway and calcium and potassium channels. In conclusion, KRG exerts relaxation which is a key step in erection via combination of effects on NO system or calcium and potassium channels. The efficacy of this action is different to the sources of ginseng, which is affected by the different composition of ginsenosides $(G-Rb_1,\;-Rb_2,\;-Rc,\;-Rd,\;G-Re,\;-Rf,\;-Rg_1).$ Thus the further studies on the active ingredients such as minor ginsenosides and non-saponin components of red ginseng with maximum potency should be sought.

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The Effects of the Essential Oil Fraction and the Fatty Acid Fraction of Panax Ginseng on the Lipid Metabolism (지질대사(脂質代謝)와 인삼지방산류(人蔘脂肪酸類) 및 정유(精油)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Choi, Taik-Kyu;Hong, Sa-Ack
    • The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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    • v.4 no.1 s.5
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    • pp.17-26
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    • 1968
  • The effects of the essential oil fraction and the fatty acid-fraction of the panax Ginseng on the various lipids (total cholesterol, phospholipid, triglyceride) in serum and liver tissues of the white rats were examined and observed after the administration of the fractions for eight weeks with the following results: 1. Serum total cholesterol level was slightly decreased in the group after giving the essential oil fraction four weeks, whereas the effects in the group after giving itfor eight weeks were increased. Phospholipid level was slightly elevated both in four weeks and in eight weeks, while triglyceride level was elevated after four weeks, whereas it showed nochange at all after eight weeks. In the liver tissues, the cholesterol content was slightly decreased after four weeks and remarkably decreased after the administration for eight week. Phospholipid increased after four week administration and then rather decreased after the eight week administration, while the triglyceride content decreased both in four weeks and in eight weeks. 2. In the group giving the fatty acid-fraction, serum total cholesterol level decreased after the four week administration and then returned to the pre-experiment mean after the eight-week administration, while phospholipid level increased after the four-week administration and then returned to the pre experiment mean. Triglyceride level increased after four week administration of the fraction and rather then decreased after eight weeks. In the liver tissues, total cholesterol content decreased both after four weeks and after eight weeks, while phospholipid level also decreased from four weeks through eight weeks, whereas triglyceride level increased after four weeks, and showed rather decreasing tendency after the eight-week administration.

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Effect of the Heating Treatment on the Stability of Saponin in White Geinseng (열처리(熱處理)가 인삼(人蔘)사포닌의 안정성(安定性)에 미치는 영향)

  • Sung, Hyun-Soon;Yang, Jae-Won
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.22-26
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    • 1986
  • This investigation was carried out to study the effect of heating treatment on the saponin fractions in ginseng extract and crude saponin. The changes of saponin patterns and amounts were investigated using HPLC and compared with peak area of each fraction. Shape of crude saponin was changed more easy to compare with in ginseng extract. The more extracting temperature risen and treated time longer, the more changes of saponin amounts and patterns were shown, expecially at $100^{\circ}C$ over. All of the saponin fraction except ginsenoside-Rd were relatively unstable in heating treatment. Suitable extracting condition was extracted at $80^{\circ}C$ for 40 hours with $H_2O$.

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Development of SNP markers for the identification of apple flesh color based on RNA-Seq data (RNA-Seq data를 이용한 사과 과육색 판별 SNP 분자표지 개발)

  • Kim, Se Hee;Park, Seo Jun;Cho, Kang Hee;Lee, Han Chan;Lee, Jung Woo;Choi, In Myung
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • v.44 no.4
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    • pp.372-378
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    • 2017
  • For comparison of the transcription profiles in apple (Malus domestica L.) cultivars differing in flesh color expression, two cDNA libraries were constructed. Differences in gene expression between red flesh apple cultivar, 'Redfield' and white flesh apple cultivar, 'Granny Smith' were investigated by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Expressed sequence tag (EST) of clones from the red flesh apple cultivar and white flesh apple cultivar were selected for nucleotide sequence determination and homology searches. High resolution melting (HRM) technique measures temperature induced strand separation of short PCR amplicons, and is able to detect variation as small as one base difference between red flesh apple cultivars and white flesh apple cultivars. We applied high resolution melting (HRM) analysis to discover single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) based on the predicted SNP information derived from the apple EST database. All 103 pairs of SNPs were discriminated, and the HRM profiles of amplicons were established. Putative SNPs were screened from the apple EST contigs by HRM analysis displayed specific difference between 10 red flesh apple cultivars and 11 white flesh apple cultivars. In this study, we report an efficient method to develop SNP markers from an EST database with HRM analysis in apple. These SNP markers could be useful for apple marker assisted breeding and provide a good reference for relevant research on molecular mechanisms of color variation in apple cultivars.

Preliminary Research on the Effect of Cosmetic Containing Ginseng Extract on Quality of Life of Healthy Women Based on Skindex-16 (인삼 추출물 함유 한방화장품이 건강한 성인 여성의 삶의 질에 미치는 영향에 관한 예비 연구; Skindex-16을 중심으로)

  • Cho, Ga Young;Park, Hyo Min;Kwon, Lee Kyung;Cho, Sung A;Kang, Byung Young;Kim, Yoon Bum
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.333-340
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    • 2015
  • This study is designed to analyze the effect of skincare using cosmetic containing ginseng extract, on improving quality of life (QOL) of healthy women, with blind testing. QOL is a concept that represents how one's disease or health condition can physically, psychologically, and socially influence his or her daily life. The study was conducted to assess the effect of a ginseng cosmetic preparation on quality of life (QOL) using the Skindex-16 score, stratified by blind versus non-blinded option. 45 healthy women aged between 30 and 49 years with no skin disease were recruited for this study. Volunteers were divided into two groups. Group A (n = 22) received anti-aging cream with ginseng extract in the original packaging, which included the brand name and logo. Group B (n = 23) received the same cream in a plain white jar without any package decoration or logo. Both groups used the cream for 8 weeks. For the skin-related QOL assessment, Skindex-16 was used at baseline, forth, and eighth week. All volunteers except two dropouts in Group A completed the dermatology-specific QOL measure, Skindex-16, at baseline, after 4 weeks, and after 8 weeks of treatment with the provided samples. As a result, the mean score of 43 participants at baseline was $22.70{\pm}4.82$. There was a significant difference between the baseline score and the score after 8 weeks in both groups: The scores changed from $23.30{\pm}5.14$ to $20.20{\pm}4.83$ in Group A, from $22.17{\pm}4.58$ to $20.52{\pm}3.60$ in Group B. The "Symptom" subscale of Skindex-16 improved after 4 weeks and the "Emotion" subscale improved after 8 weeks in Group A. The "Function" subscale did not show improvement in either groups. Both groups showed no interaction effect between follow up time and groups in Skindex-16 and subscale. This research opens up the possibility of skincare using ginseng cream having a positive effect on QOL in healthy women. Moreover, one can predict that skincare ritual itself may have greater impact on the improvement of QOL, compared to the product packaging.

20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2 displays efficacy against T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway

  • Xia, Ting;Zhang, Jin;Zhou, Chuanxin;Li, Yu;Duan, Wenhui;Zhang, Bo;Wang, Min;Fang, Jianpei
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.44 no.5
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    • pp.725-737
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    • 2020
  • Background: T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a kind of aggressive hematological cancer, and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is activated in most patients with T-ALL and responsible for poor prognosis. 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2 (20(S)-GRh2) is a major active compound extracted from ginseng, which exhibits anti-cancer effects. However, the underlying anticancer mechanisms of 20(S)-GRh2 targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in T-ALL have not been explored. Methods: Cell growth and cell cycle were determined to investigate the effect of 20(S)-GRh2 on ALL cells. PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-related proteins were detected in 20(S)-GRh2-treated Jurkat cells by immunoblotting. Antitumor effect of 20(S)-GRh2 against T-ALL was investigated in xenograft mice. The mechanisms of 20(S)-GRh2 against T-ALL were examined by cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy. Results: In the present study, the results showed that 20(S)-GRh2 decreased cell growth and arrested cell cycle at the G1 phase in ALL cells. 20(S)-GRh2 induced apoptosis through enhancing reactive oxygen species generation and upregulating apoptosis-related proteins. 20(S)-GRh2 significantly elevated the levels of pEGFP-LC3 and autophagy-related proteins in Jurkat cells. Furthermore, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was effectively blocked by 20(S)-GRh2. 20(S)-GRh2 suppressed cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis and autophagy by suppressing the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in Jurkat cells. Finally, 20(S)-GRh2 alleviated symptoms of leukemia and reduced the number of white blood cells and CD3 staining in the spleen of xenograft mice, indicating antitumor effects against T-ALL in vivo. Conclusion: These findings indicate that 20(S)-GRh2 exhibits beneficial effects against T-ALL through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and could be a natural product of novel target for T-ALL therapy.

The Origin, Changes and Compositive Principles of Hyangsayangyi-tang (향사양위탕(香砂養胃湯)의 기원(基源), 변천과정(變遷過程) 및 구성원리(構成原理))

  • Kang, Mi-Jeong;Lee, Jun-Hee;Koh, Byung-Hee;Lee, Eui-Ju
    • Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.43-50
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    • 2010
  • 1. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to understand the origin, changes and the constructive principles of Hyangsayangyitang (XiangShaYangWeiTang). 2. Methods: Hyangsayangyi-tang and other related prescriptions were analyzed in terms of pathology, based on "Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑)", "Donguisusebowon Chobongwon(東醫壽世保元 草本卷)", "Donguisusebowon Gabobon(東醫壽世保元 甲午本)", "Donguisusebowon Sinchukbon(東醫壽世保元 辛丑本)". 3. Results and Conclusions: (1) The origin of Hyangsayangyi-tang is Hyangsayukgunja-tang from "Gongshin Uigamseo(龔信 醫鑑書"). Hyangsayangyi-tang inherited some of the principles from"Euihangangmok(醫學綱目)" Jeonssiyigong-san's (全氏異功散) application. (2) "Gabobon(甲午本)"'s prescription emphasizes the effect of lossen up by using Pogostemonis Herba(藿香). "Sinchukbon(辛丑本)"'s prescription emphasizes the effect of warm up stomach by using Zingiberis Rhizoma(乾薑). (3) Ginseng Radix(人蔘), Atractlodis Rhizoma White(白朮), Glycyrrhizae Radix(甘草), Paeoniae Radix Alba(白芍藥) support Soeumin's spleen root (脾元), and Zingiberis Rhizoma(乾薑), Myristicae Semen(肉豆蔲) warm up stomach, and Pinelliae Rhizoma(半夏), Citri Pericarpium(陳皮) circulate Qi, Crataegi Fructus(山楂), Amomi Fructus(砂仁), Cyperi Rhizoma(香附子) encourage digestion to maintain descending Yin.

The Historical Study of Korean Traditional Funtional Food (한국의 전통적 기능성 식품의 이용에 대한 역사적 고찰)

  • 한복진
    • Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.235-255
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    • 1996
  • Natural substances, exploited in our daily life, have been applied to drugs to treat diseases and developed to functional foods by appropriate preparations, and these foods give beneficial effects on physical activities. In this paper, the utilization of traditional functional foods was studied with refer ring to old ancient writings published in the front-end of Chosun dynasty. The utilized vegetables were march mallow, turnip, radish, Chinese cabbage, lettuce, spinach, cucumber winter buds, flesh of a cabbage, eggplant, taro, burdock, Parsley, watershield plant, crown daisy, bamboo shoots, garlic, scallion, onion, acorn, bark of a tree, white goosefoot leaf, leaf of bean, pine mushroom, bracken. yam, mugwort, tea, ginseng, peppermint, fruit of the Maximowiczia chinensis, smartweed and pepper. The utilized fruits were chestnut, Chinese date, pine nuts, walnut, gingko nut, citrus. crab apple, pear, peach, grape, pomegranate, plum, Chinese quince, fig and watermelon. The utilized cereal were rice, barley, bean, buckweat and Job's-tears. The utilized sweetenings and seasonings were honey, wheat-gluten, sugar, oil, salt, soy sauce and vinegar. Our ancestors had a balanced diet using the various foods, and especially had a fundamental concept of "Foods have the efficacy of a remedy".edy".uot;.

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A Study of Wedding Feast Dishes in Gare Dogam Euigwae (1651, 1696) (가례도감의궤(嘉禮都鑑儀軌)에 나타난 1600년대(年代)의 조선왕조(朝鮮王朝) 궁중(宮中) 가례상(嘉禮床)차림 고(考) -1651년(年) 현종(顯宗) 명성후(明聖后), 1696년(年) 경종(景宗) 단의후(端懿后) 가례동뢰연(家禮同牢宴)-)

  • Kim, Sang-Bo;Lee, Sung-Woo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.43-58
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    • 1990
  • To analyze wedding feast dishes of royal prince (1651, 1696) of Choson Dynasty, studied Gare Dogam Euigwae. Historic book 'Gare Dogam Euigwae' discribed wedding feast dishes of king‘s Choson Dynasty. The results obtained from this study are as follows. Dishes were arranged in four kinds of table, the first one called the main table, the second the right side table, the third the left side table, the fourth the confronting side table. Dishes of main table were oil and honey pastry, and fruits (pine nuts, orange, dried persimmon, torreya nuts, dried chestnut, jujube). Dishes of the second table and the third table were oil and honey pastry, and small cake made of honey and rice with patterns pressed in it. Dishes of the fourth table were cooked vegetable (wild ginseng, platy-codon, radish, white gourd melon, ginger), dried slices of meat seasoned with spices (abalone, octopus, shark, pheasant), cooked meat (wild goose, fowl, egg, pheasant, abalone), and fried fish (roe deer, fish, duck, pigeon, sparrow). The main table (同牢大宴床) and the second table (右挾床) stand as a symbol for integrity. The third table (左挾床) symbolize longerity. The fourth table (面挾床) symbolize bearing many young and connubial felicity.

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Correlation Between Skin Irritation and Cytotoxicity of Anti-wrinkle Agents (화장품 원료의 피부자극성과 세포독성의 관련성)

  • 이은희;이종권;김용규;박기숙;안광수
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.45 no.3
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    • pp.310-319
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    • 2001
  • To compare skin irritation and cytotoxicity of anti-wrinkle agents, we examined skin irritation of six anti-wrinkle agents (ascorbic acid, glycolic acid, all trans-retinoic acid, ginseng extract, retinol, EB) in New Zealand white rabbit. Cytotoxicity of these agents was determined by MTT [tetrazolium salt 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] at multi-time points in cultured HaCaT cell, a human immortalized keratinocyte cell. We then analyzed correlation between skin irritation and cytotoxicity by spearman's rank correlation analysis. All trans-retinoic acid showed the highest primary irritation index (0.92) in skin irritation test. Being all the six agents not irritant, retinal showed the most cytotoxic agents. The correlation between skin irritation and cytotoxicity ($IC_{50}$/ at different time point was 0.814, 0.757, 0.814 and 0.7 at 3, 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. We also fecund that IC$_{20}$ and IC$_{80}$ of these agents showed similar correlation with skin irritation. These results therefore demonstrated that there is close correlation between skin irritation and cytotoxicity $IC_{50}$/ value by MTT in HaCaT cell at early time points by anti-wrinkle agents or IC$_{20}$ value. $IC_{50}$/ at earily time point or IC$_{20}$ values may be reliable alternative determinant of skin irritation.n.

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