• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.596-602
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• 1994

국내에서 재배량 및 생산량이 가장 많은 장마로부터 마의 점질물을 농축시키기 위한 건조조건, 초미세분쇄 조건 및 공기분급조건을 조사하였다. 마의 건조는 동결 건조방법이 마 고유의 색 및 점실물을 보존시킬 수 있는 가장 좋은 방법이었으며, 열풍건조시 $40^{\circ}C,\;70^{\circ}C,\;80^{\circ}C$등의 건조온도에서는 갈변과 점성이 소실되는 현상이 심하여 $50^{\circ}C$ 정도의 건조온도가 적당한 것으로 나타났다. 동결건조하여 초미세분쇄된 마의 공기분급시 ACWS가 높은 분획으로 갈수록 식이섬유, 단백질 및 지방 함량이 급격히 증가하였다. 특히 ACWS 15,000rpm을 기준으로 비교하면 분급하지 않은 마 분말보다 식이섬유와 단백질 함량이 $2.5{\sim}9.0$배 정도 농축되는 결과를 보여주었다. 탄수화물의 함량은 ACWS가 증가할수록 88.31%에서 16.84%로 감소하여 분급하는 ACWS에 따라 성분들의 분리가 일어나고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. ACWS 15,000rpm 이상의 분획들의 WSI와 WAI는 그 이하의 분획들보다 $1.5{\sim}3.0$배 이상 높았으며, 입자의 모양과 크기도 구형이 아닌 $15{\mu}m$ 이하의 부정형의 작은 입자들로 구성되어 있었다. 전단 속도 1000l/s로 에서의 겉보기점도의 경우 ACWS 15,000rpm 이상의 분획은 0.0800 Pa s이었고, 그 이하의 분획은 0.0080 Pa s로 나타나 10배 정도 점질물이 농축되었다. 이와같은 결과를 종합해보면 마로부터 점질물을 분리, 농축하기 위해서는 마를 동결건조하고 $5{\sim}30{\mu}m$크기의 입자로 초미세분쇄한 뒤 ACWS 15,000 rpm 이상으로 공기분급을 실시하면 가능한 것으로 판단되었다.심부근 보다 5${\sim}10^{\circ}C$ 높았으므로 적절한 주파수의 선정이 중요하였다. 5. 고추장과 된장의 수분함량이 습량 기준으로 30% 이하일 때는 전류가 흐르지 않아 Ohmic heating의 적용이 불가능 하였으나, 30% 이상에서는 수분함량의 증가에 따라 가열속도는 급속히 증가하였다.하였다. 6. 수분(水分) potential 엽수분함량(葉水分含量)이 동일(同一)한 조건(條件)에서 콩보다 인삼(人蔘)이 낮았으며, 수분(水分) potential과 광합성(光合成) 및 기공식도도(氣孔傳導度)와는 고도(高度)의 정(正)의 상관(相關)이있었다. 7. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)를 종합(綜合)해 볼 때, 인삼(人蔘)의 광합성(光合成)이 타식물(他植物)보다 낮은 것은 기공식도도(氣孔傳導度)와 수분(水分) potential이 낮은 것과도 밀접(密接)한 관계(關係)가 있을 것으로 생각된다.g\;/\;\ell$ 처리(處理)의 대부분(大部分)이 주당(株當) 본수(本數)가 거의 1개체(個體) 정도(程度)이도 발육상태(發育狀態)도 불량(不良)하였으나 NAA $4mg\;/\;\ell\;Kinetin\;2mg\;/\;\ell$ 그리고 활성탄(活性炭) $1g\;/\;\ell$ 첨가처리(添加處理)에서 만이 주당(株當) 본수(本數)가 2.3개이고 개체당(個體當) 발근수(發根數)가 월등(越等)히 많았다. 5. 실험결과(實驗結果) 마 경절편(莖節片) 배양(培養)의 Shoot유가(誘起)에 가장 효과적(效果的)인 배지(培地)는 1/8MS+1AA $2mg\;/\;\ell+Kinetin\;2mg\;/\;\ell$+활성탄(活性炭) $1g\;/\;\ell$ 이였으며, White+NAA $4mg\;/\;\ell+Kinetin\;2mg\;/\;\ell$+활성탄(活性炭)

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.647-656
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the shear bond strength and marginal microleakage of composite to enamel and dentin according to different treatment methods when the applied bonding agent was contaminated by artificial saliva. For the shear bond strength test, the buccal and occlusal surfaces of one hundred twenty molar teeth were ground to expose enamel(n=60) and dentin surfaces(n=60). The specimens were randomly assigned into control and 5 experimental groups with 10 samples in each group. In control group, a bonding system(Scotchbond$^{TM}$ Multi-Purpose plus) and a composite resin(Z-100$^{TM}$) was bonded on the specimens according to manufacture's directions. Experimental groups were subdivided into 5 groups. After polymerization of an adhesive, they were contaminated with at artificial saliva on enamel and dentin surfaces: Experimental group 1 ; artificial saliva was dried with compressed air. Experimental group 2 ; artificial saliva was rinsed with air-water spray and dried. Experimental group 3 ; artificial saliva was rinsed, dried and applied an adhesive. Experimental group 4 ; artificial saliva was rinsed, dried, and then etched using phosphoric acid followed by an adhesive. Experimental group 5, artificial saliva was rinsed, dried, and then etched with phosphoric acid followed by consecutive application of both a primer and an adhesive. Composite resin(Z-100$^{TM}$) was bonded on saliva-treated enamel and dentin surfaces. The shear bond strengths were measured by universal testing machine(AGS-1000 4D, Shimaduzu Co. Japan) with a crosshead speed of 5mm/minute under 50kg load cell. Failure modes of fracture sites were examined under stereomicroscope. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. For the marginal microleakage test, Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of sixty molars. The specimens were divided into control and experimental groups. Cavities in experimental group were contaminated with artificial saliva and those surfaces in each experimental groups received the same treatments as for the shear test. Cavities were filled with Z-100. Specimens were immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsin dye for 24 hours and embedded in transparent acrylic resin and sectioned buccolingually with diamond wheel saw. Four sections were obtained from the one specimen. Marginal microleakages of enamel and dentin were scored under streomicroscope and averaged from four sections. The data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Fisher's LSD. The results of this study were as follows. 1. The shear bond strength to enamel showed lower value in experimental group 1(13.20${\pm}$2.94MPa) and experimental group 2(13.20${\pm}$2.94MPa) than in control(20.03${\pm}$4.47MPa), experimental group 4(20.96${\pm}$4.25MPa) and experimental group 5(21.25${\pm}$4.48MPa) (p<0.05). 2. The shear bond strength to dentin showed lower value in experimental group 1(9.35${\pm}$4.11MPa) and experimental group 2(9.83${\pm}$4.11MPa) than in control group(17.86${\pm}$4.03MPa), experimental group 4(15.04${\pm}$3.22MPa) and experimental group 5(14.33${\pm}$3.00MPa) (p<0.05). 3. Both on enamel and dentin surfaces, experimental group 1 and 2 showed many adhesive failures, but control and experimental group 3, 4 and 5 showed mixed and cohesive failures. 4. Enamel marginal microleakage was the highest in experimental group 1 and there was a significant difference in comparison with other groups (p<0.05). 5. Dentin marginal microleakages of experimental group 1 and 2 were higher than those of other groups (p<0.05). This result suggests that treatment methods, re-etching with 35% phosphoric acid followed by re-application of adhesive or repeating all adhesive procedures, will produce good effect on both shear bond strength and microleakage of composite to enamel and dentin if the polymerized bonding agent was contaminated by saliva.