• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.187-193
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• 1975

소맥분(小麥粉), 보리가루, 고구마가루, 감자가루, 탈지대두분(脫脂大豆粉)을 적의혼합(適宜混合)한 여러 가지 복합분(複合粉)에 그 제면적성(製麵適性)을 개선(改善)함과 동시(同時)에 영양향상(營養向上)을 목적(目的)으로 미역가루의 추출액(抽出液)을 첨가(添加)하여 상법(常法)에 따라 제면(製麵)한 풍건면(風乾麵)과, 이때 만들어진 생면(生麵)을 다시 기름튀김한 튀김면(麵)들의 조리(調理) 시험(試驗)과 texturometer에 의한 조직(組織) 특성(特性) 및 관능검사(官能檢査)(수응력(受應力) 조사(調査))를 실시한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. (1) 소맥분(小麥粉)과 보리가루를 5 : 5로 혼합(混合)한 복합분(複合粉)에 1% 또는 2%의 미역가루를 추출액(抽出液)을 첨가(添加)하여 제면(製麵)한바, 그 조리(調理) 시험(試驗)과 조직(組織) 특성(特性)및 수응력(受應力)이 표준면(標準麵)과 비슷하여 좋은 효과(效果)를 보였다. (2) 소맥분(小麥粉)과 보리가루에 탈지대두분(脫脂大豆粉)을 혼합(混合)하여 만든 면(麵)은 미역가루에 의한 결착성(結着性) 개선(改善) 효과(效果)가 낮고, 여기에 고구마가루나 감자가루를 혼합(混合)하여 만든 면(面)에서는 미역가루의 효과(效果)가 인정된다. (3) 소맥분(小麥粉)에 보리가루, 고구마가루, 감자가루를 $30%{\sim}70%$ 수준(水準)으로 혼합(混合)한 복합분(複合粉)으로 1%의 hyroxypropyl methyl cellulose(Methocel)을 첨가(添加)하여 만든 생면(生麵)으로 기름튀김면(麵)을 제조(製造)하면 고구마, 감자 튀김면(麵)에 있어서 흡유량(吸油量)이 다소(多少) 증가한다. (4) 상기(上記) 튀김면(麵)들은 조리(調理) 특성(特性)이나 조직(組織) 특성(特性)에 있어서 약간(若干)의 차이(差異)가 있다해도, 관능검사(官能檢査) 결과(結果)는 모두 표준면(標準麵)과 유의차(有意差)가 없다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

본 연구는 tortilla의 제조에 있어 혼합물 실험 계획법을 이용한 쌀가루와 밀가루의 최적 혼합비를 구하였다. 혼합물 실험 계획법 중 modified distance design을 이용하였을 때, 4개의 반복점을 포함하여 총 14개의 실험점이 설정되었고, 각 실험점에 따라 tortilla를 제조하여 인장강도(tensile strength), 색도(L, a, b)를 측정하였다. Tortilla에서 쌀가루와 밀가루가 증가할수록 인장강도가 높아졌고, 물이 첨가될 때 인장강도가 낮게 나타났다. Tortilla의 색도에 있어서는 쌀가루의 함량이 증가할수록 L값이 높아져, 색이 밝아졌고, 밀가루의 함량이 증가할수록 황색도를 나타내는 b값이 증가하였다. 인장강도와 색도에 대한 혼합물의 모델 및 분석을 통하여 최적 혼합비를 도출하였는데, 인장강도에서는 quadratic 모델이 선택되었고, 5% 이내의 유의차를 가져 모델에 대한 적합성을 타나내었다. 예측된 식에서 결정된 식으로 살펴볼 때, 쌀가루와 수분의 혼합작용이 인장강도에 가장 많은 영향을 미쳤다. Tortilla의 색도에 있어서는 L값에서 quadratic 모델이, a값과 b값에서는 linear 모델이 선택되었고, a값을 제외하고 5%이내의 유의차를 보여주어 모델로서 사용이 가능하였다. 반응 계수로 살펴본 성분들의 작용에서는 쌀가루와 물의 상호관계가 L값에 큰 영향을 주었고, b값에서는 상호작용 없이 밀가루와 tortilla에 영향을 주었다. 이들 모델을 바탕으로 혼합물 최적화를 분석하였는데, tortilla의 인장강도 및 L값은 최대(maxinize), b값은 최소(minimize)로 하였을 때, 밀가루 18.26%, 쌀가루 33.92%, 물 39.24%와 밀가루 28.15%, 쌀가루 25.77%, 물 37.50%로 각각 설정되었다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.551-556
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• 2015

Iksan370 is a long-spike wheat developed by the Rural Development Administration yielding excellent features components such as cold resistance, disease resistance, and viviparous germination. The physicochemical and material properties of the raw wheat and milled flour of Iksan370 were analyzed to derive its appropriate uses. The raw wheat of Iksan370 showed high contents of ash and proteins at 1.71% and 13.7%, respectively. Its test weight of 763.0 g/L was similar to those of other varieties and its 1,000 kernel weight was high at 45.38 g. The milled flour of Iksan370 had an ash content of 0.45%, which corresponds with a class 1 flour, and its protein content is 12.18%, corresponding with strong flour. The damaged starch was 5.41%, which was lower than that of other varieties. The average grain size was $70.67{\mu}m$ and the grain distribution was at the level of a typical hard wheat. In the farinogram, the water absorption was 58.63%, which corresponded to the level of medium flour. The development time was 7.00 minutes, which was significantly lower than those of Jokyung and Keumkang. The degree of softening was 67.00 BU, similar to those of Yunbaek and Baekjoong. Among the physico-chemical characteristics, the high protein content and typical hard wheat grain distribution of Iksan370 were similar to those of strong wheat, usually used for bread making. However, in the farinogram, the dough development time was short and the degree of softening was high. As a result, Iksan370 was expected to have poor breadmaking properties and a small volume of the final bread product due to insufficient dough durability. On the other hand, Iksan370 showed the highest maximum gelatinization viscosity at 864.00 BU. Therefore, Iksan370 is expected to show glutinous texture when used for noodles and its flour appears to be appropriate for frying powders as well.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 1985

This paper aims to examine the variety of the absorption of cotton, T/C and hemp fabrics seperately seperaterly sized by rice, wheat, potato, corn flour and pp.V.A.. Experimental variables occurring in the concentration of sizing agents, the water content of unsized fabrics and an iron temperature show the following results, 1. When fabrics sized, the rate of absorption increases according to the order of rice, corn, pp.V.A., potato, wheat flour for cotton fabrics, of rice, corn, pp.V.A., wheat, potato flour for hemp fabrics and of the rice, pp.V.A., potato, corn, wheat flour for T/C fabrics : rice flour shows an absorption rate highest among all the others mentioned above. 2. To a certain extent, the stronger the concentration of sizing agents, the higher the rate of absorption. 3. The higher fabrics density, the higher absorption rate. 4. The structure and hydrophilic property of the sized fabrics affect the rate of absorption. 5. The fabrics with water content of 20% before sizing it shows the rate of absorption highest. 6. An iron temperature after sizing fabrics shows the rate of absorption highest at the properest at the properest one : $180^{\circ}C$ for cotton, $150^{\circ}C$ for T/C and $200^{\circ}C$ for hemp fabrics.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2015

This study investigated the baking properties of sorghum with the addition of xylanase or Pentopan, which is a baking additive containing xylanase. The control bread was made with a 30% substitution for wheat flour and the optimum level of enzyme addition was 0.75 mg/g flour for Pentopan and 5 mg/g flour for xylanase. The water binding capacity of wheat flour increased with the addition of sorghum, but decreased with the addition of either xylanase or Pentopan. The resistance of dough increased while extensibility decreased with the addition of sorghum; however, resistance decreased while extensibility increased with the addition of the enzyme. Specific volume of bread decreased significantly with the addition of sorghum. However, the specific volume was significantly recovered with the addition of enzyme. Crumb firmness was higher in the sorghum-added sample, but crumb firmness of the bread decreased with the addition of the enzyme. The crumb firmness of bread with added xylanase decreased significantly in 24 hours. These results demonstrated that adding sorghum with either xylanase or Pentopan that included xylanase increased specific volume and decreased crumb firmness whereas sorghum decreased the quality of fermented bread when added to wheat flour. The firmness rate of fermented bread particularly decreased with the addition of pure xylanase.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.31-38
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• 1987

This paper aims to examine the velocity of water absorption of cotton, hemp, and T/C fabrics sized by rice, wheat, potato, corn flour and pp.V.A.. Experimental variables such as the concentration of sizing agents, the moisture regain of unsized fabrics and the ironing temperature showed the following results. 1. When the fabrics were sized, the velocity of water absorption increased according to the order of corn, rice, potato, wheat flour and pp.V.A. for cotton fabrics, of corn, potato, rice, wheat flour and pp.V.A. for hemp fabrics, and of corn, wheat, rice, potato flour and pp.V.A. for T/C fabrics; corn flour showed the highest velocity of water absorption and pp.V.A. did the lowest among all the others mentioned above. 2. The higher fabric density, the higher velocity of water absorption. The finer the count of fabric yarn, the higher velocity of water absorption. 3. The material of sized fabrics most affected the velocity of water absorption than other factors of those. 4. To a certain extent, the higher the concentration of sizing agent, the higher the velocity of water absorption. 5. The fabrics with moisture regain of 20% before sizing showed the highest velocity of water absorption. 6. The ironing temperature after sizing fabrics mentioned below showed the highest velocity of water absorption; 180$^{\circ}C$ for cotton, 200$^{\circ}C$ for hemp, and 160$^{\circ}C$ for T/C fabrics.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.360-366
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• 2001

Flour physicochemical properties of six Korean waxy wheat lines and their parental plants, including Kanto 107 and BaiHuo, which have partially null in GBSS (granule bound starch synthase), were evaluated in this study. The very low amylose content (3.20%) of Korean waxy wheat lines, which had been influenced by the null in all three GBSS isoforms encoded by three Wx loci, could result in the higher starch swelling power (25.15%), lower starch and flour pasting temperature (61.37$^{\circ}C$; 65.85$^{\circ}C$), and higher starch pasting peak viscosity and breakdown (246.60 RVU; 161.50 RVU) than those of their parental plants. In addition to high swelling and pasting properties, Korean waxy wheat lines had the higher protein content (12.80%), alkaline water retention capacity (97.39%), SDS sedimentation volume (80.33 $m\ell$) and damaged starch content (4.35 %) than those of their parental plants.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 1979

경질(硬質) 밀 Bara, Kameriya품종(品種), 준경질(準硬質) 밀 Suisen 품종(品種) 및 연질(軟質) 밀 Ume 품종(品種)에서 얻은 밀가루를 공시재료(供試材料)로 하여 그들의 2차가공적성(次加工適性)을 보기 위하여 이화학적(理化學約) 특성(特性)을 조사(調査)하였든 바 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같이 요약(要約)된다. 1. 공시(供試)된 4가지 밀가루의 수분(水分)은 14%정도이고, 회분(灰分)은 모두 0.4%이하였다. 조단백질(粗蛋白質)은 Bara 및 Kameriya 밀가루가 $12.18{\sim}11.12%$, Ume가 6.81%정도였고. gluten량(量)은 전자(前者)가 $11.77{\sim}8.38%$, 후자(後者)가 5.33%이었다. 2. 밀가루의 백도(白度)는 연질(軟質) 밀가루가 경질(硬質)밀가루 보다 훨씬 높았으나 흡수성(吸收性)과 손상전분(損傷澱粉)은 반대로 경질(硬質) 밀가루가 연질(軟質) 밀가루보다 현저하게 많았다. 3. Farinograph의 반죽의 development time은 Kamcriya 밀가루가 8.0분으로 가장 길었으며 Ume는 0.75분으로 극히 짧았다. 반죽의 안정성(安定性)과 valorimeter가(價)는 Suisen 등 경질류(硬質類) 밀가루가 높았다. 4. 공시(供試)된 밀가루의 extensigraph의 특성(特性)은 밀가루의 종류(種類)에 따라 차이(差異)가 있었고 신장저항성(伸張抵抗性)은 시간(時間)이 경과(經過)할수록 증가(增加)하였고, 신장성(伸張性)은 감소(減少)하였다. 밀가루의 amylograph 성적(成績)중 최고점도(最高粘度)는 Bara 및 Kameriya 밀가루가 $540{\sim}640BU$, Suisen 및 Ume 밀가루가 $780{\sim}896BU$로 시료(試料)의 종류(種類)에 따라 차이(差異)가 현저하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.146-153
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• 1983

메밀을 제분하여 내층부터 외층까지 $B_1,B_2,B_3$ 및 $B_0$분$(B_1:B_2:B_3=1:1:1)$으로 나누고 이들에게 제면적성을 향시키기 위하여 강력밀가루를 혼합하고 여기에 결착성개량제인 sodium alginate (SA)와 xanthan gum(XG)를 첨가하여 전면을 제조할 때의 제면적성을 알아보았다. 1) 메밀분 $B_1$에서 $B_2,B_3$로 될 수록 조회분, 조단백, 조지방의 함량이 현저하게 높았다. 2) Amylograph에 의한 메밀분 $B_1$의 최고 점도는 밀가루에 비하여 $4{\sim}5$배 정도로 높으며, $B_3$은 $B_1$보다는 낮으나 역시 밀가루보다 2배이상 높다. 또한 SA와 XG는 원료분의 최고점도를 더 높여주었다. 3) <메밀분 40+강력밀가루60>수준부터 밀가루 혼합수준을 높여야 상온에서의 전면제조가 가능하였으며, 이들의 조리특성도 메밀분의 혼합수준이 낮아질수록 밀가루면에 접근하였다. 4) 메밀건면의 제조에서 XG, SA를 $1.0{\sim}1.5$% 수준으로 첨가하면 면대형성, 조리면의 제성질등 제면적성을 개선하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.878-885
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• 1997

Effect of various ingredients and cooling methods on the quality of modified Jeung-pyun(traditional Korean steamed rice cake) were studied. Three different kinds of wheat flours(strong, medium, and weak) were studied to evaluate the volume and firmness of Jeung-pyun. Weak flour showed the maximum volume and good sensory results. The optimum ratio of ingredients was flour : water ; sugar ; Tak-Ju=100 : 20 : 20 : 50 for steaned Jeung-pyun. When three different cooking methods were compared, the maximum volume showed from convection oven method, but the crust color of Jeung-pyun was like bread. Steaming method showed higher volume than that of product heated by microwave method. The optimum formula ratio for the microwave method was flour ; water ; sugar ; Tak-Ju = 100 : 30 : 20 : 50, which required 10% higher added water content than that of steaming. When wheat flour was used instead of rice flour, the addition of 5% normal corn starch increased volume of both steamed and microwave cooked products. In the case of added modified starches to Jeung-pyn, 5% $\alpha$-waxy corn starch showed the highest volume in steaming method. When rice flour was used, the addition of 5%$\alpha$-waxy corn starch also showed highest volume f both steamed and microwave cooked products. The firmness of steamed wheat flour Jeung-pyun, containing 5%$\alpha$-corn starch was higher firmness than that of control and other added samples. Microwave cooked products showed two or three times higher firmness of steaming products. The use of wrap(uni-wrap) and stabilizer(METHOCEL) decreased the firmness of microwave cooked wheat flour Jeung-pyun to 200~300g compared with that of untreated Jeung-pyun.