• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.607-614
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of sponge cakes with added rice flour produced by a modified genoise method to prevent volume reduction. A control group and experimental group I were prepared by the genoise method and experimental groups II, III, and IV were produced by a modified genoise method in which they were mixed with wheat flour and water to a make paste to form gluten for 3, 6, and 9 minutes, respectively. One third of the wheat flour in all experimental groups was replaced by rice flour. The control and experimental groups were compared in terms of quality characteristics, including batter specific gravity, volume, color, textural characteristics, and sensory qualities, to determine the optimal pasting time for wheat flour in the formulation. The specific gravity of the experimental groups was higher than that of the control and decreased with increasing wheat flour pasting time. The volume of experimental group I was lower than that of the control group, and the volume values of experimental groups III and IV, made by the modified genoise method, were higher than that of the control group. $dL^*$ and $db^*$values for the crust and inside of the cake were lower in the experimental groups than in the control. The $dL^*$ value, indicating brightness, increased as pasting time increased. The hardness values of experimental groups I and IV were higher than that of the control whereas experimental groups II and III had lower hardness values. Chewiness was higher in the control group, as well as experimental groups I and IV than in the experimental groups II and III. The gumminess of experimental group IV was highest. Cohesiveness decreased by adding rice flour to the sponge cake. Sensory attributes of cell uniformity, tenderness, moistness, taste, and overall acceptability had the highest scores in experimental group III. Based on these results, we conclude that the quality of sponge cake containing one third of the wheat flour replaced by rice flour is best with 6 minutes pasting of the wheat flour to form gluten.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.299-299
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• 2022

Whole wheat is rich in dietary fiber and contains various biological activity substances such as arabinoxylan, phytic acid and phenolic compounds. However, excessive fiber contents of whole wheat has a negative effect on dough formation, making it difficult to process. In this study, we tried to improve the usability of whole wheat by suggesting an appropriate degree of purification of whole wheat from 'Saekeumkang', a domestic wheat cultivar containing protein and gluten suitable for noodle production. The contents of arabinoxylan, phytic acid, and vitamin E were measured in the polishing rate range of 5-20% of whole wheat flour. As the milling ratio increased, the flour properties improved. The arabinoxylan and phytic acid content of whole wheat were 67.95 mg/g and 0.87 mg/g, but when milled at 20%, arabinoxylan and phytic acid were 60% and 80% of whole wheat, respectively. And as the milling ratio increased, the vitamin E content tended to decrease (whole wheat: 4.063 mg/100 g, 20% milled: 2.96 mg/100 g), However, the vitamin E composition ratio did not change. On the other hand, α-tocopherol showed the greatest than other vitamin E isomers. Therefore, further studies needed to optimize milling rate to improve the final product while maintaining the approximate nutritional and functional value of the whole wheat.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.355-363
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the rheological characteristics of medium wheat flour mixed with bamboo leaf and lotus leaf powders. Rheological properties of the mixed flours were tested based on falling number, color, RVA, farinogram, and rheofermentometer analyses. Falling numbers increased with addition of bamboo leaf and lotus leaf powders. The L values of all mixed flours were less than that of control. The 1% mixed flour sample containing bamboo leaf and lotus leaf powders was not significantly different from 3% mixed flour. The a values of the mixed flour decreased as bamboo and lotus powders increased, whereas b values increased. Addition of bamboo leaf and lotus leaf powders to flour reduced peak viscosity, holding strength, and final viscosity. The set back values of mixed wheat flour containing bamboo leaf powder were lower than those of mixed wheat flour containing lotus leaf powder, suggesting that bamboo leaf powder suppressed retrogradation of flour compared to lotus leaf powder. In the farinogram, the water absorption and consistency of the flours containing bamboo and lotus leaf powders increased, whereas development time and stability decreased. The fermentation time of dough with lotus leaf powder was less than that of dough with bamboo leaf powder.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.206-214
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 노루궁뎅이 버섯분말을 밀가루에 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, 15% 첨가하여 진말다식을 제조한 후 품질 특성을 살펴보았다. 수분함량은 첨가량에 따라 수분함량은 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다(p<0.05). 색도 측정 결과 노루궁뎅이 버섯 분말 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 L 값은 감소하는 경향을 보였고 a 값의 경우는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 조직감 측정 결과 노루궁뎅이 버섯분말의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 경도, 검성, 씹힘성의 경우는 증가하였고 탄력성과 응집성은 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다(p<0.05). 관능평가 결과 맛, 색깔, 향, 종합적인 특성의 경우 노루궁뎅이 버섯 분말 9% 첨가군에서 가장 높게 평가되었다. 따라서 노루궁뎅이 버섯 분말 9% 첨가군이 가장 바람직한 것으로 나타났다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.996-1008
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• 2009

In this study, domestic wheat flour was used to develop a native sourdough suitable for the Korean environment, in an attempt to replace the sourdough starter that are currently available in local markets and used to prepare sourdough breads. Nine kinds of domestic wheat flour (available at local market) were examined and to characterized according to their general ingredients, gluten contents, colorimetry data and mixograph measurement. In addition, the flour were used to make sourdough starters that were assessed for pH, TTA, and fermentation rate from which an optimal sourdough starter could be chosen. This study also compared the product characteristics breads prepared from the with one another by adding extracted sourdough starters. In order to analyze the quality characteristics of the breads, a comparative analysis was conducted through on data for dough fermentation rate, specific volume, texture analyses, colorimetry, water activity and sensory tests. According to the results, the sourdough starters KWF 3, KWF 4 and KWF 5 scored well in evaluations for gluten content, wheat flour characteristics and pH, and were deemed the most optimal starters. To characterize the sourdough breads prepared from KWF 3, KWF 4, and KWF 5, their quality characteristics were analyzed and then compared to those sourdough bread (control group) prepared using a sourdough starter made from imported wheat flour. According to the comparative analysis of the quality characteristics, KWF 4 had the largest volume and specific volume, but had the lowest textural hardness, indicating the softest texture of overall. According to sensory tests, the bread prepared from KWF 4 was significantly more preferred than the other specimens.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.384-390
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• 2008

This study examined the effects of sprouted brown rice (SR), gluten (G), and hydroxypropyl-methyl-cellulose (H) on the suppression of retrogradation in breads made with Korean wheat flour. An amylograph was used to determined the pasting properties of dough samples made with Korean wheat flour and additions of SR, SR+G, SR+H, and SR+G+H, respectively. In addition, a texture analyzer was employed to measure the hardness changes of bread samples left at room temperature for 72 hours. Finally, the type of retrogradation was calculated by the Avrami equation. The results showed that the addition of SR significantly decreased dough viscosity. However, the dough samples containing SR, G, and H all displayed reduced cold paste viscosity and setback, indicating a suppression of staling. The bread samples containing SR added to Korean wheat flour had increased hardness, but the addition of gluten (SR+G) reduced hardness. Upon examining the bread samples stored at room temperature for 24 hours, it was shown that the addition of G and H with SR (SR+G+H) suppressed retrogradation. Finally, the Avrami model data indicated that the type of retrogradation varied according to the addition of SR, G, and H. The breads made with hard wheat flour (HWF), WM, and WM+SR+H had similar Avrami exponents ($1.20{\sim}1.28$), while those for WM+SR, WM+SR+G, and WM+SR+G+H ranged from 2.7 to 3.3. Overall, the combined addition of SR and H was considered effective for preventing retrogradation in bread made with Korean wheat flour.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.325-329
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• 1995

To investigate the Possibility of making noodle with Job's tears flour(JTV), it was mixed with wheat flour by the ratio of 60oyo. Making characteristics of noodle was studied in terms of cooking quality test, color measurement and sensory evaluation. The cooking quality of noodles with 10~40% JTF was almost same value as control in weight and volume of cooked noodle. Color difference ($\Delta$E) between noodles with JFT and control was revealed appreciable value. Though noodles with 10~30% JFT was not significantly different from control in color, only noodle with 10% JFT was same as control In texture by sensory evaluation test.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.608-613
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• 2005

Effects of transglutaminase (TG) on physicochemical properties of dough prepared with 20% resistant starch (RS)-added wheat flour were investigated. RS levels of wheat flours added with native wheat starch (NS), Hi-maize (RS2), retrograded (RS3), and cross-linked (RS4) wheat starches were 2.97, 11.88, 5.79, and 9.09%, respectively. Peak viscosity of NS-added flour was higher, whereas setback was lower, than those added with other resistant starches. TG had no effect on pasting behaviors of RS-added flours. Water absorption ranged from 66.5 to 79.0%, and development time increased with RS addition. TG increased tensile strength of dough after fermentation and bread volume, due to well-developed gluten network resulting from cross-linking facilitated by TG Addition of TG decreased hardness of baguettes, with RS2-added baguette showing lowest value. These results indicate addition of TG enhanced eating quality of RS-added breads.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.797-800
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• 2015

가래떡 제조공정을 단순화한 쌀전분 페이스트에 생밀가루(0-10%; w/w of rice starch) 첨가 후 반응조건($40-80^{\circ}C$, 0-60분)에 따른 아밀라제의 전분 가수분해작용을 탄성(G') 변화를 측정함으로써 조사하였다. 생밀가루 내 효소 반응속도상수는 40, 60, $80^{\circ}C$에서 각각 0.0315, 0.0415, $0.0000min^{-1}$으로 $40^{\circ}C$보다 $60^{\circ}C$에서 아밀라제 반응이 빠르게 진행되고, $80^{\circ}C$에서는 불활성화되었다. 한편, $60^{\circ}C$에서 아밀라제 반응속도상수는 생밀가루 첨가량이 2.5, 5, 10%로 증가함에 따라 0.027, 0.042, $0.061min^{-1}$로 증가하였고, 무첨가 시 $0.000min^{-1}$을 보여 효소반응이 일어나지 않음을 확인하였다. 이상과 같이, 가래떡 제조공정을 단순화한 쌀전분 페이스트의 G'변화를 측정함으로써 쌀전분의 노화지연에 효과적인 생밀가루 내 아밀라제 효소반응속도를 예측할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.314-320
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• 2002

비지가루의 제빵 적성을 알아보기 위해 밀가루에 5%, 10%, 15%혼합한 빵을 만들고 비지빵의 제빵성을 향상시키기 위해 10% 비지가루 혼합분에 글루텐을 3%, 6%, 9% 첨가한 빵을 만들어 제빵 적성을 조사하고 관능검사를 실시하였다. 비지가루는 단백질 22.0%, 지방 13.2%, 탄수화물 54.3%그리고 식이섬유 27.2%를 함유하고 있었다. 영양성분이 풍부한 비지가루를 밀가루에 혼합하여 식빵을 만들었을 때 비지가루의 혼합비율이 증가함에 따라 수분흡수율, 반죽시간, 빵의 무게는 증가하였고 dough의 팽창력과 빵의 부피는 감소하였으며 10%비지가루 혼합분에 글루텐을 첨가함으로서 제빵 적성이 향상되었다. 빵의 crumb의 색도는 비지가루의 함량이 증가할수록 어두워졌으나 활성글루텐의 첨가로 밝아졌다 빵의 texture도 비지가루의 혼합비율이 높을수록 씹힘성, 경도는 증가하였으나 응집성은 차이가 없었고 활성글루텐의 첨가로 탄력성, 씹힘성, 경도는 증가하는 경 향을 보였다. 관능검사 결과 5%비지가루를 혼합하여 만든 빵은 종합적인 기호도에서 밀가루빵과 차이가 없었으며 10%비지가구 혼합분에 6% 글루텐을 첨 가하여 만든 빵은 글루텐을 첨가하지 않은 10% 비지가루 혼합분 빵보다 종합적인 기호도에서 좋은 평가를 받았다.