• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.36 no.3 s.104
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• pp.381-388
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• 2003

The fertility of stream water in major streams of the Lake Shihwa Watershed was compared using water analyses and algal growth potential test (AGPT) in typical drought seasons from December 2001 to April 2002, The water quality varied considerably depending on streams. These streams were very rich in inorganic nutrients that the nutrient levels and characteristics of each stream could be easily determined. Through AGPT, 63.6% of growth was observed in the average values of each stream, with non-growth accounting for 36.4%. AGPT results showed that 40.9% of the 22 stations were in hypertrophic condition and 54.5% in eutrophic condition. AGPT values were significantly correlated with TIN, $NH_4$, and SRP (p <0.001); compared to other nutrients, however, they were more related to SRP and $NH_4$. Moreover, the values increased with high concentration of N and P and low N/P ratios. Nonetheless, the values were more dependent on P concentration than N concentration. This suggests that the effect of P on the water quality of lake situated in downstream may serve as a potential indicator of phytoplankton development. Depending on the drainage pattern of streams, the wastewaters of wastewater treatment plant (WwTP) and untreated wastewater (UTW) were found to have 53.4% and 46.6%, respevtively, of TIN, 51.9% and 48.1% of $NH_4$, 62.9% and 37.1% of $NO_3$, 62.6% and 37.4% of SRP, and 44.1% and 55.9% of SRSi. The AGPT value was 51.1% in WwTP wastewater and 48.9% in UTW wastewater, the concentration of WwTP wastewater was slightly higher. For untreated wastewaters flowing into the constructed wetland and into the lake, TIN accounts for 43.0% and 57.0%, respectively, of nitrogen components, $NH_4$ 44.4% and 55.6%, $NO_3$ 39.6% and 60.4%, SRP 53.5% and 46.5%, and SRSi 52.3% and 47.7%, respectively. The AGPT value was 58.0% in the constructed wetland and 42.0% in Lake Shihwa; the concentration in streams flowing into the wetland was slightly higher. Therefore, Persistent and large development of phytoplankton in Lake Shihwa cannot be prevented unless a measure tophytoplankton control is implemented. This is because the concentration of nutrients in specific streams flowing into the lake is very high, even though the inflow of water is low.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.456-464
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• 2016

Korea established an inventory of 1,916 sites of inland wetlands during a nationwide investigation from 2000 to 2010. If inland wetlands is included in or near various protected areas designated by the government, it can be selected as a wetland to be managed with priority. This study evaluated the aspect of management of inland wetlands by analyzing the correlation between locations of national protected areas and inland wetlands. As a result, it was shown that a considerable percentage of current inland wetland was located in areas that were designated and managed as protected areas by the government, as they had a high value of natural environment protection (527 sites, 31.61 %). When the range was widened to a radius of 1 km for protected areas, 959 sites were included and 57.53 % of sites were located in or nearby the protected areas. Among them, 46.79 % of sites were distributed up to or within a 1 km radius of waterside areas and rivers; it accounted for 81.33 % of wetlands located in protected areas. Therefore, it was found that locations of current inland wetlands were mostly in contact with rivers. The results of overlay analysis were classified into high, medium and low; the correlation of location with inland wetlands was analyzed through the analysis of separation distance of various protected areas. The number of wetlands located in areas of a 'high' value of protection was 998 (59.87 %); 289 sites (17.34 %) were distributed in areas of a 'low' value of protection. This implies that these wetlands are located in artificial areas and are more exposed to environmental pressures. Thus, these wetlands could be determined as inland wetlands, which we considered for the establishment of measures to prevent damage.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.157-168
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• 2017

Backswamp is the section of a floodplain where deposits of fine silts and clays settle after a flood. In general, the wetland is composed of diverse ecosystems, and is characterized by ecotone. The purpose of this study was to analyze vegetation naturalness and to assess vegetation value by syntaxonomy and synecology of Useupje backswamp at Yeongsan river. As a result, the vegetation was divided into four physyiognomy types and 14 vegetation units depending on the species composition and habitats. The vegetation units confirmed in the study were as follow: Spirodela polyrhiza community as floating plant; Trapa bispinosa var. inuma community and Trapa bispinosa var. inumai-Nelumbo nucifera community as floating-leaved plant; Paspalum distichum community, Persicaria thunbergii community and Phalaridetum arundinaceae as lentic vegetation in the eulittoral zone; Scirpo fluviarilis-Zizanietum latifoliae and Typha angustata community in the emerged zone; Scirpetum tabernaemontani and Phragmitetum australis in the littoral zone; Carex dimorpholepis-Salix subfragilis community ecotone region of upland. According to the study, the vegetation distribution was highly affected by water level and artificial interference. Moreover, the development of vegetation units showed a significant relationship between species composition and habitats. Although vegetation value of Useupje resulted by vegetation naturalness was identified as the grade [III], the ecological value is expected to upward evaluation because of unique vegetation and geographical location.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.16
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• pp.7375-7379
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• 2015

A high prevalence of Opisthorchis viverrini infection is usually found in wetland geographical areas of Thailand where people have traditional behavior of eating uncooked freshwater fish dishes which results in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) development. There were several approaches for reducing opisthorchiasis-linked CCA, but the prevalence remains high. To develop community participation as a suitable model for CCA prevention is, firstly, to know what factors are related. We therefore aimed to investigate factors associated with the community participation in CCA prevention among rural residents in wetland areas of Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. This was a cross-sectional analytic study. All participants were 30-69 years of age, and only one member per house was invited to participate. A total of 906 participants were interviewed and asked to complete questionnaires. Independent variables were socio-demographic parameters, knowledge, health belief and behavior to prevent CCA. The dependent variable was community participation for CCA prevention. Descriptive statistics were computed as number, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Associations were assessed using logistic regression analysis with a P-value <0.05 considered statistically significant. Of all the participants, more than 60% had regularly participated in activities to prevent CCA following health officials advice. Age and health behavior to prevent CCA were factors associated with community participation for CCA (p<0.001). Both factors will be taken into consideration for community participation approaches for CCA prevention through participatory action research (PAR) in future studies.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.197-207
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• 2014

In this study, the functional priority of wetlands was determined through analysis of previous research. To determine relative importance, three processes were performed. First, quantitative values from the case studies were normalized. Second, non-quantitative values were prioritized based on standard criteria. Third, equal weight was applied as long as there was no special consideration regarding a particular value's disproportionate priority in the research. Finally, results were grouped into large, medium, and small classes.In this study, the functions of the medium class were found to be the most significant, in the following order of priority: water supply and ground water recharge; culture and recreation; biodiversity; product; water quality control; flood control; erosion control; moderation of climate change; and provision of biochemical matter. To verify these results, we compared our findings with those of an assessment that used the Rapid Assessment Method (RAM) on the same type of study area. Whereas this comparison indicated some correlations by the culture, water storage, and genetic sustainability functions, it suggested a lack of such relationship by the water purification and flood prevention functions.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.92-98
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• 2015

Hydrocharis dubia Backer and Salvinia natans All. were sampled from the Junam and Dongpan reservoirs, representative freshwater wetlands of Korea. A total of 19 endophytic fungal strains were isolated from hydrophytes native to the Junam wetlands and 5 strains were isolated from the Dongpan wetlands. Depending on phylogenetic analysis based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, strains from Junam belonged to 11 genera and from Dongpan belonged to 5 genera. Fusarium, Phoma and Talaromyces were commonly distributed genera from two wetlands. The fungal diversity index showed clear differences between each wetlands or each host hydrophyte. Above all, the highest diversity value was observed from Salvinia natans All., which have been reported as promising biological resources as eutrophication controller in environmental ecology.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.142-163
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• 2009

Taebaek city is located in the mountainous plateau area therefore the major industry was coal industry. According to dramatically declining of the major industry, Taebaek city is need to alternative industry which associated with considering the geographical characteristics of natural tourism resources for increasing the local economy. On the basis of these reasons, this study can be suggested ecological planning and mitigation of deterioration technique about the these study site. That is the reserved area for mountainous experience theme park. As the results of environmental ecology assessment are following as; The natural ecosystem areas, multi-layer structure forest such as forest of Pinus densiflora, forest of Quercus mongolica and deciduous forest have a high value of nature, diversity and potential. In addition, wild bird habitats were important area as a inhabitation, breeding, feeding and hiding. Therefore, on these areas should be preserved. Also, it needs to conserve on there such as more than three types of wild bird inhabitate areas, the fringe of high biological diversity, the wetland that have got good vegetation condition and the function of amphibia, reptiles crossing. In addition, inhabitation, the waterway of wetland form that have got wide waterside width needs to conserve. In conclusion, on the basis of analysis results such as conditions of plan, environment, ecological assessments, survey informations are able to suggest the connectivity of the axis of forest and management plan. Moreover, in the part of forest restoration plan, we suggest the plan of transplant for a compensation of damaged forest by land use.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.3
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• pp.313-320
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for preserving forest ecosystem with understanding forest wetland condition of Mt. Cheongok. It was found from this research that vascular plants of surveyed area were composed of 72 families, 167 genera, 209 species, and 2 subspecies, 27 varieties, 5 formae. totaling 243 taxa. Among the investigated vascular plants, Korea endemic plants were 9 species, rare plants 15 species, and naturalized plants 8 species, respectively. According to the occurrence frequency within the wetland investigated, obligate upland plants (OBU) accounted for 75.72% (184) among the total species investigated, wherea obligate wetland plant (OBW) were four species (4.65%). There were 26 of hygrophyte plants and 2 of emergent plants in the research area according to wet degree. According to habitat category, the most frequently occurred habitat was forest (136 species, 55.97%), and the others were in the order of meadow and shrubland (70 species, 28.81%), wet meadow (35 species, 14.40%), and aquatic environment (2 species, 0.82%), respectively. In the result of analysis of important value, Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Carex pseudosinensis was the highest as 22.17% and 10.40%. It was confirmed that the species diversity was relatively high. Shannon-Wiener's species diversity index was calculated as 2.507. Based on these results, long-term monitoring survey should be urgently needed for ecological restoration and recovery.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.21 no.spc
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• pp.123-133
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• 2019

This study analyzed the surface temperature mitigation effect of wetlands during cold waves (below -12℃ from January to February) and heat waves (above 33℃ from July to August) in 2018. We used Terra/Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Daytime and Nighttime Land Surface Temperature (LST) product, and the maximum and minimum air temperature observed at 86 stations of Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). For the cold wave analysis, the LST of Terra MODIS nighttime was the highest at forest area with -12.7℃, followed by upland crop and wetland areas of -12.9℃ and -13.0℃ respectively. The urban area showed the lowest value of -14.4℃. During the heat wave, the urban area was the highest with + 34.6℃ in Aqua MODIS LST daytime. The wetland area was + 33.0℃ showing - 1.6℃ decrease comparing with urban area.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.66-76
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• 2018

This study surveyed the species and population of dragonflies in 20 study sites in the Junam wetland in May and July 2015 to investigate the relationship between the dragonflies and the inhabited environment. We measured the environmental factors such as the area of emergent plants, the area of floating and floating-leaved plants, the area of water surface, the area of water plants, and the nearby land-use type and analyzed the relationship to the dragonfly species, population, and diversity index. We found 757 dragonflies belonging to 21 species of 6 families. The area of floating and floating-leaved plants and the area of water surface affected the species diversity. The area of floating and floating-leaved plants and the area of surface water, in particular, showed the positive correlation with the species richness and the dominance value, respectively. The area of water surface showed the negative correlations with Shannon's diversity index and evenness. Among the type of surrounding land-uses, the dry fields and orchards showed significantly lower average species richness than wetlands. Among the species, Cercion calamorum and Crocothemis servilia were positively correlated with floating and floating-leaved plants. Cercion v-nigrum and Epophthalmia elegans were positively correlated with the area of water surface, and Ischnura asiatica and Ceriagrion nipponicum were negatively correlated. The recent uncontrolled proliferation of lotus colony in the Junam wetland is likely to affect greatly the species composition of dragonflies which have a close relationship with plant species.