• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.345-352
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• 1998

The effect of starvation on the growth and hepatocyte nuclear size of larval rockfish Sebastes schlegeli and spotted sea bass Lateolabrax sp. were studied. The growth of total length and wet weight in both rockfish and spotted sea bass starved were lower than their control counter-parts. The nuclei sizes of parenchymal cells in the liver of rockfish and spotted sea bass were correlated with the nutritional status of their first-feeding larvae. The result suggested that hepatocyte nuclear size in rockfish and spotted sea bass could be used as an alternative indicator for the identification of starving condition and such karyometry might be criteria for evaluating the successful transition from endogenous to exogenous feeding regime.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.679-685
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• 2012

A study was carried out to observe the effects of feed types on the growth, feed preference, and enteric feed transition rate of juvenile starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus for 45 days. Fifty fish (avg. 135 g) were stocked each in replication, and fed a commercial extruded pellet diet (EP, 45% protein) and a moist pellet diet (MP, 65% raw mackerel+35% feed powder in wet basis), respectively. The MP presented the higher performance than that of the EP on the feed efficiency ($68.3{\pm}0.9%$ for EP and $92.3{\pm}4.3%$ for MP) and the specific growth rate ($1.07{\pm}0.07$ for the EP and $1.20{\pm}0.05%$ for the MP). In contrast, the EP showed the higher feed preference in terms of the daily feed intake ($1.57{\pm}0.08%$ for the EP and $1.30{\pm}0.01$ for the MP) and the ad libitum feeding rate after a fast of 72 hours (1.73% for the EP and 1.35% for the MP). The feed transition rate through intestinal canals decreased exponentially in both the EP and the MP, showing the faster transition rate with the EP. In the result, starry flounder appeared to have the better feed preference to the EP, but have the higher feed efficiency and growth performance to the MP.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.117-125
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• 1998

Entomopathogenic nematodes, Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae, were isolated from the soil of mulberry field, and the high infectivity and invesiveness were confirmed in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. The cause of non-microbial and acute flacherie was found as an disease by infection with soil-born nematodes through the mulberry leaves contaminated with soil and rainwater. The causal nematodes were isolated by silkworm trap from all of the 5 soil samples collected on the 5 mulberry fields, and identified as 3 strains of Heterorhabditis sp. and 2 of Steinernema sp. Rainwater itself, however, wasn't engaged in the silkworm disease, mulberry leaves with rainwater was rather profitable for cocoon production when the leaf quality was too hard to feed silkworm. Feeding of wet mulberry leaves with rain might not so harm to silkworm when the condition of rearing room to be kept at suitable temperature and ventilated well. Nematode infection of silkworm could be occurred by harvesting and feeding of contaminated mulberry leaves on the weather condition of rainy and wind. For the prevention of nematode infection, silkworms should be fed the leaves harvested from the higher portion of the mulberry tree in rainy days. For an oppositional application of this susceptibility of silkworms to nematode, might be useful on the collection and amplification of nematode agents for biotic control of pest insects.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.180-187
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• 2015

This study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding by-product feed (BF)-based silage on the performance, blood metabolite parameters, and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers. The BF-based silage was composed of 50% spent mushroom substrate, 21% recycled poultry bedding, 15% cut ryegrass straw, 10.8% rice bran, 2% molasses, 0.6% bentonite, and 0.6% microbial additive (on a wet basis), and ensiled for over 5 d. Fifteen steers were allocated to three diets during the growing and fattening periods (3.1 and 9.8 months, respectively): a control diet (concentrate mix and free access to rice straw), a 50% BF-based silage diet (control diet+50% of maximum BF-based silage intake), and a 100% BF-based silage diet (the same amount of concentrate mix and ad libitum BF-based silage). The BF-based silage was fed during the growing and fattening periods, and was replaced with larger particles of rice straw during the finishing period. After 19.6 months of the whole period all the steers were slaughtered. Compared with feeding rice straw, feeding BF-based silage tended (p = 0.10) to increase the average daily gain (27%) and feed efficiency (18%) of the growing steers, caused by increased voluntary feed intake. Feeding BF-based silage had little effect on serum constituents, electrolytes, enzymes, or the blood cell profiles of fattening steers, except for low serum Ca and high blood urea concentrations (p<0.05). Feeding BF-based silage did not affect cold carcass weight, yield traits such as back fat thickness, longissimus muscle area, yield index or yield grade, or quality traits such as meat color, fat color, texture, maturity, marbling score, or quality grade. However, it improved good quality grade (1+ and 1++) appearance rates (60% for the control group vs 100% for the BF-based silage-fed groups). In conclusion, cheap BF-based silage could be successfully used as a good quality roughage source for beef cattle.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.355-364
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• 2001

In order to evaluate and finally optimize the vitrification condition for combustible dry active waste (DAW), dust and gas generation characteristics were investigated for PE, cellulose, and mixed waste Tests were conducted by varying the operation variables such as melter configuration, excess oxygen amount, and waste feeding rate. Results showed that dust generation characteristics were affected by the operation parameters and the melter＇s configuration is the dominant one. For all tested DAWs, dust generation was reduced by increasing the waste feeding rate and the excessive oxygen amount in the melter. Among waste types, dust amount was decreased by the order of mixed wastes, PE, and cellulose. Other parameters such as temperature variation and operation time have also affected the dust generation. The optimum condition for the DAW vitrification was determined as the melter＇s configuration equipped for minimizing the waste dispersion with 20 kg/h of waste feeding rate and 100% of excessive oxygen supply. CO gas concentration in the off-gas was immediately influenced by the combustion state in the melter, but showed similar trend as the dust generation. For the NOx production during the vitrification process, thermal NOx, which is generated from the Post Combustion Chamber (PCC), rather than fuel NOx was assumed to be dominant. The gas cleaning of efficiencies of the PCC, wet scrubber, and Selective Catalytic Reduction system (SCR) were found to be high enough to keep the concentration of pollutants (CO, NOx, SOx, HCI) in the stack below their relevant emission limits.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.491-499
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• 2023

Lake Tinisu Abaya is home to some fish species. The lake's native fish species include Barbus and Tilapia zilli. Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus L.) were stocked in Lake Tinishu Aabaya in 1997. This study aimed to investigate the feeding behaviors of O. niloticus in Lake Tinishu Abaya to develop an appropriate fisheries management approach in the lake. 428 O. niloticus fish samples (2.5 to 30.9 cm and 1.1 to 475 g) were collected to calculate the diet composition. Out of the total of 428 gut contents examined, 55 (12.85%) were found to be empty and 373 (87.15%) to be containing one or more food items. The diet behavior of the stocked fish in the study lake revealed that phytoplankton (39.5% by volume) and macrophytes (25.81% by volume) were the most noteworthy food items followed by detritus (14.39%) and zooplankton (12.95%). With increasing fish size, the importance of phytoplankton, macrophytes, and detritus increased while the contribution of zooplankton, insects, and other foods with an animal origin decreased. Seasonal variation in the diet composition of fish was evident (t-test; p < 0.05). Macrophytes, zooplankton, and detritus were the dominating food items during the wet season, while phytoplankton predominated during the dry season. This study demonstrated that O. niloticus had phytoplanktivores that primarily consumed phytoplankton and that the seasons and fish size had a significant impact on their feeding preferences. The diet of O. niloticus in Lake Tinishu Abaya comprised foods with both plant and animal origins. It concludes that the dietary habit of O. niloticus in the lake is, generally, the omnivorous type.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.199-206
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Total Mixed Ration (TMR) with wet brewer's grain on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention of castrated Korean black goat. For feeding trial, forty castrated Korean black goats were divided into four treatment groups, which were fed TMR containing 20, 30, 40% of wet brewer's grain. For digestibility trial, twelve castrated Korean black goats were allotted to treatments in four groups of three goats. Results are summarized as follows. Dry matter (DM) contents of TMR with wet brewer's grain was $63.35{\sim}66.02%$, that of crude protein was $14.49{\sim}15.36%$, Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were $28.24{\sim}29.08,\;53.27{\sim}54.85%$, each. These were not different by supplemental level of brewer's grain in TMR. However, Non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) contents were lower according to increase wet brewer's grain in TMR. Average daily gain of control group were higher than those from TMR with wet brewer's gain (p<0.05). Intake of DM, Organic matter (OM) and NFC of TMR supplemented with 20% of brewer's grain were higher than those of other treatments (p<0.05). Crude protein (CP) and digestible CP intake of TMR diets supplemented wet brewer's grain was intended to higher than those of a control group. Digestibilities of DM, OM and NDF in control group were higher than those from TMR with wet brewer's grain (p<0.05). Digestibilities of CP of TMR with supplemented wet brewer's grain was tend to be higher than those of a control group. Nitrogen retention of TMR supplemented wet brewer's grain was tend to be somewhat higher compared to the control group

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 1998

This study was carried out to determine the effects of Jerusalem artichoke (JA) powder , JA extract and chicory extract on lipid metabolism in SD rats. The experimental groups were divided into 4 groups ; control, JA powder JA extract and chicory extract. The animals were fed ad libitum each of the experimental diets for 3 weeks. After 3 weeks, the wet weights of cecum were significantly increased in rats fed JA powder and chicory extract. Cecal contents were slightly increased in all experimental groups. Serum HDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio and atherogenic index were significantly increased in the chicory extract group. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were not different among the diet groups. Although the feeding of chicory extract significantly lowered total lipid of liver, there was no difference in levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol. The content of fecal lipiid and cholesterol were significantly higher in the Ja extract and chicory extract group than other groups. Fecal bile acid was significantly increased in the chicory extract group. These results indicate that chicory extract is an effective regimen for improvement of lipid metabolism in SD rats.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.4 no.1 s.6
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• pp.53-60
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• 1989

This study was performed to investigate the contents of heavy metals in Anguilla japonica habiting in Korea. The samples were collected along by Nak Tongriver, Young San river and culture farms. Lead, Cadmium, Copper, Zinc, Manganese, Chromium were tested by the Atomic Absoption Spectrop-hotometer after wet digestion, Mercury was tested by using mercury analyzer. The results were as follows: 1. Aresenic, Copper contents in the four parts were the higest values in liver 2. In total mercury contents of the each parts, the higest value was detected in muscle. 3. In all metals, Zinc and Manganese were detected with high contents, Mecury and Cadmium were detected with low contents. Lead, Cadmium, Zinc, chromiumi, Manganese were detected with high in bone. 4, The difference was not significant between natural and feeding Anguilla Japonica, but significant correlation with parts.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.781-788
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• 1997

This present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of 5 % chicory extract on serum glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic rats treated with streptozotocin (STZ). The experimental subjects were divided into 4 groups. : No-fiber , cellulose, insulin, and chicorygroup. The animals were fed ad libitum each of the experimental diets for 4 weeks. The food intake and food efficiency ratio in chicory group was significantly higher than in no-fiber, cellulose, and inulin groups. The reduction of body weight was also significantly lower. The wet weights of cecum and cecal contents were significantly increased in rat fed chicory extract. Total glycated hemoglobin was significantly decreased by chicory extract feeding whereas serum total cholesterol . LDL-choelsterol, and HDL-choelsterol levels were significantly increased. But there were no differences between HDL-choesterol/total cholesterol ratios, LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratios, and atherogenic index. After 10 -hour fast, the levels of hepatic triglyceride and phospholipid were significantly higher in the chicory group than any in other groups. These results indicated that chicory extract is an effective therapeutic regimen for control of metabolic deragements in diabetics.