• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.417-423
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• 2018

Extracellular interleukin 1 alpha (IL-$1{\alpha}$) released from keratinocytes is one of the endpoints for in vitro assessments of skin irritancy. Although cells dying via primary skin irritation undergo apoptosis as well as necrosis, IL-$1{\alpha}$ is not released in apoptotic cells. On the other hand, active secretion has been identified in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), which was discovered to be a common, upregulated, differentially-expressed gene in a microarray analysis performed with keratinocytes treated using cytotoxic doses of chemicals. This study examined whether and how IL-1ra, particularly extracellularly released IL-1ra, was involved in chemically-induced keratinocyte cytotoxicity and skin irritation. Primary cultured normal adult skin keratinocytes were treated with cytotoxic doses of chemicals (hydroquinone, retinoic acid, sodium lauryl sulfate, or urshiol) with or without recombinant IL-1ra treatment. Mouse skin was administered irritant concentrations of hydroquinone or retinoic acid. IL-1ra (mRNA and/or intracellular/extracellularly released protein) levels increased in the chemically treated cultured keratinocytes with IL-$1{\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ mRNAs and in the chemically exposed epidermis of the mouse skin. Recombinant IL-1ra treatment significantly reduced the chemically-induced apoptotic death and intracellular/extracellularly released IL-$1{\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ in keratinocytes. Collectively, extracellular IL-1ra released from keratinocytes could be a compensatory mechanism to reduce the chemically-induced keratinocyte apoptosis by antagonism to IL-$1{\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$, suggesting potential applications to predict skin irritation.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.145-150
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• 2007

Recently, active movements are occurring to reestablish our own traditional Korean images in all levels of society. One of them is about Ordinary Hanbok. Academics and business sectors are endeavoring to develop comfortable and Korean traditional Hanbok designs and popularize them as well. Based on the facts, the study focuses on developing Ordinary Hanbok designs for women by applying Korean traditional patchwork in order to present handmade, humane senses. First of all, the backgrounds, history and preference of Ordinary Hanbok are discussed through literatures and precedent studies as study methodology. Then, the study is analyzing the formative beauty of Korean traditional patchwork that contains emotions of women in the Chosun Dynasty. After that, it shows Ordinary Hanbok designs developed for women by using checks, free style, and yeoiju patterns of the fabrics dyed with clay and Chinese ink that recently attract people in particular. The results are like followings; First, the limits that excessive transformation of Hanbok may cause the lack of traditional beauty can be covered through using a variety of images of Korean traditional patchwork. Second, diverse face configuration of patchworks has very unique geometric forms so to be easily applied to modern Ordinary Hanbok designs. Third, the sewing technique of patchworks also plays a role as a design factor as important as face configuration. Fourth, utilizing fabric pieces may result in various unplanned face configuration and help resource recycling. Fifth, it is possible to coordinate Hanbok with other ordinary clothes that people normally wear on. Sixth, using patchworks images can encourage developing more active and refined designs added with traditional beauty. Seventh, natural dying and fabrics are eco-friendly, which is good for human health and environment. Finally, more studies should be done on design development based on precedent studies about Ordinary Hanbok. Also, it is important to foster social atmosphere and circumstances where people accept wearing Ordinary Hanbok as our natural culture.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2009

Since July 2005, survey of chestnut ink disease was carried out in chestnut stands located at southern parts of Korea. Dead chestnut trees showing inky ooze on necrotic trunks were found in two different locations. In order to isolate and identify the causal fungus, infected tissues and soil samples around dead or dying trees were collected and placed on Phytophthora-selective medium. Rhododendron and chestnut tree leaves were used as a bait to isolate the fungus from soil samples by attracting zoospores in soil suspensions. On V-8 culture medium, the isolates produced homothallic oogonia with protuberances ($34.0-46.2{\times}21.9-26.7{\mu}m$) abundantly, but did not produced sporangia. Mass production of sporangia was possible by immersing agar plugs with actively growing mycelium in the creek water at $18^{\circ}C$ for 3 days. Sporangia were papillate, and ovoid to obpyriform ($17.0-38.9{\times}14.6-29.2{\mu}m$) in shape. Comparison of the ITS sequences revealed that the isolates had 100% identity to the P. katsurae isolates from Japan and New Zealand and 99.6% identity to other P. katsurae isolates. All of the examined isolates from Korea were completely identical to each other in ITS sequence. Numerous sporangia were formed in filtered as well as unfiltered creek water, but no sporangia formed in sterilized distilled water. Light induced sporangia formation, but has no influence on oospore formation. Amendments of ${\beta}$-sitosterol in culture media have no significant effect on mycelial growth but significantly stimulate oospore and sporangia formation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6331-6334
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• 2015

Background: The main purpose of this study was to survey the education and training of certified gynecologic oncologists and fellows in Thailand. A secondary objective was to study the problems in fellowship training regarding palliative care for gynecologic cancer patients. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted by sending a questionnaire regarding palliative care education to all certified gynecologic oncologists and gynecologic oncology fellows in Thailand. The contents of the survey included fellowship training experience, caring for the dying, patient preparation, attitudes and respondent characteristics. Statistics were analyzed by percentage, mean and standard deviation and chi-square. Results: One hundred seventy completed questionnaires were returned; the response rate was 66%. Most certified gynecologic oncologists and fellows in gynecologic oncology have a positive attitude towards palliative care education, and agree that "psychological distress can result in severe physical suffering". It was found that the curriculum of gynecologic oncology fellowship training equally emphasizes three aspects, namely managing post-operative complications, managing a patient at the end of life and managing a patient with gynecologic oncology. As for experiential training during the fellowship of gynecologic oncology, education regarding breaking bad news, discussion about goals of care and procedures for symptoms control were mostly on-the-job training without explicit teaching. In addition, only 42.9 % of respondents were explicitly taught the coping skill for managing their own stress when caring for palliative patients during fellowship training. Most of respondents rated their clinical competency for palliative care in the "moderately well prepared" level, and the lowest score of the competency was the issue of spiritual care. Conclusions: Almost all certified gynecologic oncologists and fellows in gynecologic oncology have a positive attitude towards learning and teaching in palliative care. In this study, some issues were identified for improving palliative care education such as proper training under the supervision of a mentor, teaching how to deal with work stress, competency in spiritual care and attitudes on responsibility for bereavement care.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2013

목적: 본 연구는 간호사의 죽음불안과 임종간호스트레스 및 임종간호수행과의 관계를 확인하고 임상간호현장에서 임종간호수행의 질 향상을 도모하기 위해 시도되었다. 방법: 연구의 대상은 180명의 서울시내 일개 대학병원에 근무하는 임종간호경험이 있는 간호사이다. 자료의 분석은 SPSS 18.0 프로그램을 이용하여 서술통계와 One-way ANOVA, Pearson's 상관계수를 확인하였다. 결과: 대상자의 일반적 특성에 따른 죽음불안과 임종간호스트레스, 임종간호수행의 차이는 근무부서, 결혼여부, 교육정도 및 호스피스 교육경험에 따라 차이가 있었다. 또한 임종간호스트레스와 임종간호수행 간에는 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 간호사들의 죽음불안과 임종간호스트레스 감소를 위한 노력을 통해 임종간호수행의 향상을 가져올 수있을 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 간호사의 임종간호수행 향상을 위해서는 이에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하고 다양한 수준에서 간호사의 임종간호수행을 위한 프로그램 개발과 호스피스교육이 필요할 것이다.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.151-162
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• 2012

Regarding experimental study on the dyeing properties of natural dye, I have dyed silk fabric with Styphnolobium japonicum, sappan wood, and indigo. The results of the experiment have been analysed by wavelength of maximum absorption, K/S and CIE Lab chromaticity co-ordinated. The results are as follows: In case of complex dyeing using Styphnolobium japonicum and sappan wood, dyeing with sappan wood, which is red related color, after dyeing with Styphnolobium japonicum, which is yellow related color, is more efficient. When dyeing was maden by complex of Styphnolobium japonicum and sappan wood, Dyeing method by the order of "Styphnolobium japonicum${\rightarrow}$sappan wood${\rightarrow}$mordanting" made the best result of complex dyeing. In case of complex dyeing using Styphnolobium japonicum and Indigo, dyeing with Styphnolobium japonicum after the indigo made the best result. When dyeing with indigo first, and then Styphnolobium japonicum, yellow color was not well dyed, and low level of saturation caused lusterless color. Ordering of Styphnolobium japonicum${\rightarrow}$sappan wood${\rightarrow}$indigo made the best result of complex dyeing in case of complex dying with Styphnolobium japonicum and indigo. Dyeing order, sappan wood first and then indigo last method shown 560~640 nm wavelength of maximum absorption which most color was blue related. In contrast, Indigo first and then sappan wood method shown 460~560nm wavelength of maximum absorption which color was red related. Complex dyeing with sappan wood and indigo was showing lusterless color. In case of dyeing with red and blue, dyeing with sappan wood and indigo was not appropriate.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.244-256
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• 2018

Purpose: This study tried to understand discourses of life-sustaining treatments in general daily and healthcare newspapers. Methods: A text-network analysis was conducted using the NetMiner program. Firstly, 572 articles from 11 daily newspapers and 258 articles from 8 healthcare newspapers were collected, which were published from August 2013 to October 2016. Secondly, keywords (semantic morphemes) were extracted from the articles and rearranged by removing stop-words, refining similar words, excluding non-relevant words, and defining meaningful phrases. Finally, co-occurrence matrices of the keywords with a frequency of 30 times or higher were developed and statistical measures-indices of degree and betweenness centrality, ego-networks, and clustering-were obtained. Results: In the general daily and healthcare newspapers, the top eight core keywords were common: "patients," "death," "LST (life-sustaining treatments)," "hospice palliative care," "hospitals," "family," "opinion," and "withdrawal." There were also common subtopics shared by the general daily and healthcare newspapers: withdrawal of LST, hospice palliative care, National Bioethics Review Committee, and self-determination and proxy decision of patients and family. Additionally, the general daily newspapers included diverse social interest or events like well-dying, euthanasia, and the death of farmer Baek Nam-ki, whereas the healthcare newspapers discussed problems of the relevant laws, and insufficient infrastructure and low reimbursement for hospice-palliative care. Conclusion: The discourse that withdrawal of futile LST should be allowed according to the patient's will was consistent in the newspapers. Given that newspaper articles influence knowledge and attitudes of the public, RNs are recommended to participate actively in public communication on LST.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.205-215
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• 2014

This study analyzed 'The representation of death' as expressed in the fashion photography posted on Facebook. Currently, there is a growing interest in 'Well-dying'. Also contemporary art and fashion is a trend that expressed what about death more than life. And today, Facebook is one of the current worldwide as a powerful communication. Death representation in contemporary fashion photography, as expressed in its first characteristic is 'Vanitas', and the main material was a skull. The shape of a skeleton of the symbol of death. Vanitas of inner meaning is vain, a mortal life's futility and death for the paradoxical emotion. The second characteristic is 'Phantom of the ruins'. This is like the darkness of death, and the shape represented in that space. And the death representation is depressed, gloomy atmosphere, dead-man and warm-less. Inner meaning is curiosity about the ghosts and the decadence romantic about the afterlife. The last characteristic is 'Grotesque'. This characteristic is the destruction of the body, fear of sadistic, and inhuman shape. This is parable with death that pain and fear of death, dark fantasy, the appearance of a contradiction modern society and cut off humanity. Inner meaning is the dark fear of death and the anger of wrong of the present society. At present, we have to reproduce the death, and what we want is eventually no one can escape 'Attention to death'. In addition, by expressing the solidarity between death and life is to want to get a consolation for the anxiety and afraid reality.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.243-249
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 간호대학생의 생명존중의지에 영향을 미치는 요인을 조사하여 예비 간호사인 간호대학생들의 삶에 대한 올바른 인식을 확립하고 생명존중의지를 함양시키기 위한 교육프로그램 개발을 위한 기초자료를 마련하고자 실시한 서술적 조사연구이다. 총 146 명의 간호대학생을 대상으로 연구를 시행하였으며, 자료분석방법은 t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Multiple regression을 이용하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 생명에 대한 존중과 의지에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 생의 의미, 영적 안녕감, 죽음에 대한 태도라는 것을 확인하였고, 이 세 요인의 설명력은 26.3%였다. 따라서 간호대학생들은 생의 의미에 대한 이해와 영적 안녕감 수준의 향상 그리고 죽음에 대한 태도 즉, 죽음 불안 수준을 감소시킴으로써 생명존중의지를 함양할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 이러한 요인들을 구체적인 중재 요소로 포함한 생명존중의지 향상 중재프로그램 개발하여 간호대학생들에게 시행한다며, 간호대학생의 생명존중의지 향상을 기대할 수 있을 것이며, 궁극적으로 생의 말기에 있는 혹은 죽음을 맞이하는 환자에게 진정한 도움을 줄 수 있는 간호사로 성장할 것이라고 사료된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.423-436
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of the study was to explore nurses' experience of person-centered relational care in the context of critical care. Methods: Key interview questions were developed based on the human-to-human relationship model suggested by Travelbee. Data were collected through indepth interviews with a purposive sample of 11 nurses having more than 2 years of working experience in intensive care units. An interpretative phenomenological analysis was conducted to analyze the data. Results: Four super-ordinate and nine sub-ordinate themes were identified. Emerged super-ordinate themes were as follows: (1) encountering a live person via patient monitoring systems; (2) deep empathic connection; (3) humanistic and compassionate care, and (4) accompanying the journey to the end. Study findings revealed that nurses in intensive care units experienced 'balancing emotions' and 'authenticity' in caring when entering human-to-human relationships with dying patients. The phenomenon of person-centered relational care in intensive care units was found to subsume intrinsic attributes of empathy, compassion, and trust, similar to the central concepts of Travelbee's theory. Conclusion: The interpretative findings in this study provide deeper understanding of Travelbee's human-to-human relationship model. The technological environment in intensive care units did not hinder experienced nurses from forming human-to-human relationships. These themes need to be emphasized in critical care nursing education as well as in nursing management. The results of this study will contribute to understanding nurse-patient caring relationships in depth, and help improve the quality of nursing care in intensive care units.