• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2013

Recently the use of ultra high strength steels(UHSS) in structural and safety component is rapidly increasing in the automotive industry. Furthermore, it commonly use in tailor welded blank laser welding process before hot stamping to reduce lightweight vehicle. However TWB process is to be a problem about welded strength after hot stamping because it's welded before heat treatment. Therefore, in this study, laser welds of TWB after heat treatment were analyzed for changes in the characteristics, especially the impact on the oxidation and decarburization in order to prevent pre-coated Al-Si layer welds on the properties for intensive investigation. As a result, the degradation of the TWB weldments changes in the heat treatment conditions alone, without any pre-treatment of the coating layer has confirmed that there is a limitation on the improvement. Furthermore Al-Si elements are overall distributed on the weldment and it specially concentrated along the fusion line. Hardness value of Al-Si segregation area is less than 350Hv and tensile strength showed just 78~83% compared with substrate. Accordingly, we proved that both side Al-Si coating should be removed in order to ensure the strength of the substrate.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.53-61
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• 1987

Post weld heat treatment(PWHT) is usually carried out to remove the residual stress and to improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joints. By the way, welding structure transformed owing to PWHT and reheating for repair loads the random cycles fatigue as offshore welding structure of constant low cycle fatigue as pressure vessel, and then, pre-existing flaws or cracks exist in a structural component and those cracks grow under cyclic loading. Therefore, the effects of PWHT and stress ratio on fatigue crack growth behaviors were studied on the three regions such as HAZ, sub-critical HAZ and deposit metal of welded joints in SM53 steel. Fatigue crack growth behavior of as-weld depended on microstructure and fatigue crack growth rate of HAZ was the lowest at eac region, but after PWHT it was somewhat higher than that of as-wel. In case of applying the stress($10kg/mm^2$) during PWHT, fatigue crack growth resistance tended to increase in the overall range of .DELTA.K.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.517-523
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• 2021

In this study, in the selection of materials for the elements of a small plant, those with high resistance to corrosion are selected and the material properties of coatings for corrosion prevention are evaluated. In addition, corrosion characteristics and material analysis were performed on the welded part, and the hardness characteristics of the welded part, heat-affected part, and the base metal were evaluated. In the case of the post-weld-heat-treated(PWHT) specimen, the corrosion resistance of STS 316 was lower than that of the specimen without the PWHT due to the formation of intergranular carbide. As a result of evaluating the distribution of the hardness of the weld before and after the PWHT, the hardness of the specimen after the PWHT increased by about 20 Hv. As a result of the corrosion test on the welded specimen, the weight loss tended to increase as the time increased. In the case of the PWHT specimen, the corrosion resistance tended to be significantly lower than that of the specimen without PWHT due to the formation of intergranular carbide.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.26-30
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• 2015

Hastelloy X in this study was applied in jet engine F-15 air fighter as shroud to isolate the engine from outer skin. After 15 years operation at elevated temperature the mechanical properties decreased gradually due to the precipitation of continues second phases in the grain boundaries and precipitated inside the grain. The crack happened at the edge of the shroud due to the thermal and mechanical stress from jet engine. Selective TEM analysis found that the grain boundaries consist of $M_{23}C_6$ carbide, $M_6$ Ccarbide and small percentage of sigma(${\sigma}$) phase. Furthermore, it was confirmed the nano size of ${\sigma}$ and miu (${\mu}$) phase inside the grain. In this study, it was investigated the microstructure of the degraded shroud component and HAZ of repair welded shroud. In the HAZ, it was observed the dissolution of the $M_{23}C_6$ carbides and smaller precipitates, the migration of the undissolved larger $M_{23}C_6$ carbide and $M_6$ Ccarbide. It is also observed the liquation due to the simply melt of the segregated precipitates in the grain boundaries. Interestingly, the segregated second phases which simply melt in the grain boundaries more easily happened at higher heat input welding condition. High temperature tensile test was done at $300^{\circ}C$, $700^{\circ}C$ and $900^{\circ}C$. It was obtained that the toughness of welded sample is lower compare to the non-welded sample. The solution heat treatment at $1170^{\circ}C$ for 5 minutes was suggested to obtain a better mechanical properties of the shroud. The high cycle fatigue number of the repair welded shroud shows a much lower compare to the shroud. In addition, the high cycle fatigue number at room temperature after solution heat treatment was almost double compare to the before solution heat treatment under 420-500MPa stress amplitude. However, the high cycle fatigue number of repaired welded sample was shown a much lower compare to the non- welded shroud and solution treated shroud. One of the main reasons to decrease the tensile strength and the high cycle fatigue properties of the repair welded shroud is the formation of the liquid phase in HAZ.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.76-82
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• 2000

It is well known that during the oxygen cutting process residual thermal stresses are produced in weldment. The local non-uniform heating and subsequent cooling which takes place during any welding process causes complex thermal strains and stresses to finally lead to residual stresses exceed to the yield stress. High tensile stresses combined with applied structural load in the region near the welded joint can given rise to distortion brittle fracture change of the fatigue strength and stress corrosion cracking. The appropriate treatment of the welded component which reduces the peak of he welding residual stresses is believed to lower risk of the fracture during the service of the structure. In this study the impact loading in oxygen cutting frame was applied to reduce the residual stress. After applying the impact loading redistribution of resid-ual stress was measured by cutting method and the effect of fatigue was tested.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2004

Residual stresses, which can be produced during the welding process, play an important role in an industrial field. Welding residual stresses are exerting negative effect on the fatigue behavior and integrity of structure. In this study, as a result of the thermal elasto-plastic finite element analysis for the welds of a nuclear component, the residual stress distributions are estimated for as-welded condition. Also, finite element techniques are developed to simulate the relaxation of the residual stresses according to the various mechanical stress relieving(MSR) loads such as hydrostatic pressure loading, tensile pipe-end loading, and mechanical stress improvement process(MSIP) loading. Finally, the results of residual stress redistributions for various loading conditions are compared and reviewed qualitatively and quantitatively to find an optimum loading condition.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.39-42
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• 2008

Alloy 718 nozzle component was manufactured by hot working and electron beam welding process. In this process, domestic 718 materials were applied and evaluated. Hot compression tests were carried out at a lot of process conditions and microstructural evaluation was investigated. Using the results, FEM simulations were performed in order to optimize the hot working process. After hot working, forged work-pieces were machined and welded by electron beam. Final nozzle component were heat treated and their microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.98-105
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• 2003

In the experimental study, wire EDM was conducted for cold die steel by changing the Wire electrode, peak discharge current and number of finish cut. From the micro structure analysis of SEM photographs, the size of irregular welded and added component on the EDMed surface is decreasing and size of EDMed plane surface is increasing as the decreasing peak current and increasing number of finish cut. From the analysis of coating effect, Zn component is highly contained in Br and Zn Wire EDMed surface and copper component is highly contained in Br and Al wire EDMed surface. Hardness values are Increasing as the increasing peak current and decreasing the number of finish cut The value of hardness is decreasing as Cu, Al, Zn and Br wire electrode because of the residual austenite effect of solid solution copper on solidification, and finally EDMed surface has the highest hardness values for every wire electrode. Yield strength values becomes larger and bending strength values become smaller due to the increasing the hardness. These results are increased as increasing brittleness with hardness.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집(II)
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• pp.163-169
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• 2003

In order to develop domestic railway technology, it is necessary that manufacturing technology of turnout should be kept up with update level, because turnout is the core component of high speed railway. Manganese crossing made of high manganese alloy steel is a important component of turnout. So far, this could not have been welded with rail steel due to metallic problem in Korea. However, joint technology hereunder between manganese crossing and rail by using Flash Butt Welding which is developed by Kangwon Railtech Co., Ltd is the state of the art and enable to realize rail continuousness in turnout section, speed up train velocity, reduce maintenance cost, and enhance riding quality.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.53-64
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• 2012

Deep and narrow welds can be produced by laser welding at high welding speeds with a narrow heat-affected zone (HAZ) and little distortion of the workpiece. This study aims to evaluate the usefulness of laser welding at automobile component manufacture. Microstructure observation, hardness test, tensile test and fatigue life test are performed by using the fiber laser welded SPFC590 steel sheets which is used widely in the manufacture of automotive seat frame. Three kinds of specimens are only a SPFC590 steel plate, quasi-butt joint plate and lap joint plate by laser welding. The following results that will be helpful to understand the static strength, fatigue crack initiation and growth mechanism were obtained. (1) The tensile strength of quasi butt joint specimens nearly equal to base metal specimens, but lap joint specimens fractured in shear area of weld metal. (2) The fatigue strength of quasi-butt joint specimen was approximately 8 percent lower than that of the base metal specimens. Furthermore, the lap joint specimens were less than 86 percent of the base metal specimens. (3) The lap joint fatigue specimens fractured at shear area in high level stress amplitude, while fractured at normal area in low level stress amplitude. From these results, the applicability of the laser welding to the automobile component is discussed.