• Title/Summary/Keyword: Weight-bearing

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The Effect of Static and Dynamic Proprioception on Resistance Exercise with Elastic Band (탄력밴드를 이용한 슬관절 굴곡근에 대한 저항운동이 정적.동적 고유수용성감각에 미치는 영향)

  • Yun, Young-Dae;Seo, Byoung-Do;Lee, Sang-Bin
    • Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.33-40
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    • 2008
  • Background: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of resistance exercise on static and dynamic proprioception by applying elastic bands to the knee flexor, which can be performed earlier than proprioception, a weight bearing pattern. Proprioceptive training may be applied to the early period of recuperation training along with resistance exercise to prevent damage to the knees and the joints in the lower body, as well as the reoccurrence of injury, which is expected to improve the effect of static and dynamic proprioceptive training. Methods: The subjects of this study were 32 men and women in their 20s who volunteered to participate in the experiment which was carried out over the course of 6 weeks from March 14 to April 24 at K Hospital located in Yongin City. They were tested in two groups: the elastic band resistance exercise group (RE: Resistance Excercise Group, n=17) and the joint motion range exercise group(ROM: Range of Motion Group, n=15). In this experiment, static and dynamic proprioceptive tests were given to both groups before and after the test. In this study, SPSS Win ver.12.0 was utilized to perform a T-test on the independent samples in order to validate the identical features of subjects in the RE and ROM Group and substantiate the significance as to the difference between both groups before and after the test. Also, a paired T-test was conducted to compare the static and dynamic proprioception of both groups before and after the test. The statistical significance levels were ${\alpha}$=.05. Results: 1.The static proprioception in both groups, RE and ROM, increased in a statistically significant way after the test(p<.05). 2.The static propriocetion of the RE group increased in a statistically significant way after the test(p<.05). However, the increase of the static proprioception in the ROM group was not statistically significant. 3.Static and dynamic proprioception of the RE group increased significantly more than that of the ROM group after the test(p<.05). Conclusion: The resistance exercise using elastic bands improved the static and dynamic proprioception more than the joint motion range exercise did, reducing the risk of injury by enhancing the location sense of the joints and the sense of motion and shortening the period of recovery from injury. The outcome of the experiment may provide basic data for developing an effective way to reduce the risk of injury among ordinary people and athletes.

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Effects of Gunleetang Gagambang Extract on Antitumoral Immunological Response and the Side Effect Induced by Antitumoral Agents (군리탕가감방(君理湯加減方)이 항종양(抗腫瘍) 면역반응(免疫反應)과 항암제로 유발(誘發)한 부작용(副作用)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Yui, Guyng-Tea;Moon, Suk-Jae;Moon, Goo;Won, Jin-Hee
    • THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.71-87
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    • 1998
  • Even though appropriate immune response is necessary for the survival of the individual, excessive or insufficient immune Response might cause autoimmune or allergic disease. So the immune response must be controlled to the degree that is beneficial for the well being of the individual. This study was undertaken to know the effects of Gunleetang Gagambang on the immune system of the mouse. Gunleetang Gagambang has been used for cure of tumor as a traditional medicine without any experimental evidence to support the rational basis for its clinical use. This study was carried out to evaluate the possible therapeutic or antitumoral effects of Gunleetang Gagambang extract against tumor, and to carry out some mechanisms responsible for its effect. Some kinds of tumor were induced by the typical application of 3-methylcholanthrene(MCA) or by the implantation(s.c) of malignant tumor cells such as leukemia cells(3LL cells) or sarcoma cells(S180 cells). Treatment of the Gunleetang Gagambang on water-extract(dailly 1mg/mouse, i. p.) was continued for 7 days prior to tumor induction and after that the treatment was lasted for 20 days. Against squamous cell carcinoma induced by MCA, Gunleetang Gagambang decreased not only the frequency of tumor production but also the number and the weight of tumors per tumor bearing mice(TBM). Gunleetang Gagambang on also significantly suppressed the development of 3LL cell and S180 cell-implanted tumors in occurrence-frequency and their size. and some developed tumors were regressed by the continuous treatment of Gunleetang Gagambang extract into TBM. In vitro, treatment of Gunleetang Gagambang extract had no effect on the growth of some kinds of cell line such as FsaII, A431 strain but significantly inhibited the proliferation of 3LL, S180 cells and augmented the DNA synthesis of mitogen-activated lymphocytes. Gunleetang Gagambang also stimulated the migrative ability of leukocyte, the MIF and IL-2 production of T lymphocytes, but not IL 6 production of B cells. Gunleetang Gagambang administration to mice enhanced NK cells activities. These results demonstrated that Gunleetang Gagambang extract exhibited a significant prophylactic benefits against tumors and its antitumor activity was manifested depending on the type of tumor cells. And these results also suggested that effect of Gunleetang Gagambang might be chiefly due to nonspecitie enhancement of NK cell activities and cell-mediated immune responses.

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The Clinical Results of Arthroscopic Modified Pull-Out Suture for Root Tear of Posterior Horn of Medial Meniscus (관절경하 내측 반월상 연골 후각부 뿌리 파열의 수정된 견인 봉합술후의 임상적 결과)

  • Cho, Jin-Ho
    • Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.37-43
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    • 2012
  • Purpose: This study is to evaluate the clinical results of pull-out suture for root tear of posterior horn of medial meniscus. Materials and Methods: Between March 2006 and February 2011, We studied 40 cases with the root tear of posterior horn of medial meniscus which follow up more than 1 years. Mean age was 49.5 years old. We excluded osteoarthritis or varus deformity patients more than 5 degrees. pull-out suture was performed to the patients with grade 0-2 of Kellgren and Lawrence classification. According to Outerbridge classification, evaluation of cartilage damage was performed during arthroscopy. Evaluation of clinical result was used the Lysholm score. Results: The mean pre-operation Lysholm score was 63.9 and post-operation score was 86.3. The complete failure rate was 3 of 40 cases (7.5%). Twenty of 40 cases (50%) showed cartilage lesions in weight bearing portion of medial femoral condyle which were 12 cases in grade 1, 5 cases in grade 2 and 3 cases in grade 3 according to the Outerbridge classification. Conclusion: In the treatment of pull-out suture for root tear of posterior horn of medial meniscus, exclusion of more than moderate arthritis or varus deformity is very importment. Pull-out suture seems to be a useful treatment of the root tear of posterior horn of medial meniscus in mild osteoarthritis or varus deformity of middle ages.

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Natural Oleosomes Loading Emulsion Technology -Loading Oleosomes as Delivery Systems for Improved Cosmetic Efficacies- (천연 Oleosomes를 이용한 에멀젼 기술)

  • Tang, Diana;Guth, Jack
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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    • v.32 no.3 s.58
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    • pp.149-152
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    • 2006
  • Natural safflower oleosomes are small ($1{\sim}3{\mu}m$) spherical shaped "reservoir", inside which the seed stores triglycerides for use as a future energy source. The surface of the oleosome is covered with a high molecular weight ($20{\sim}24$ KDa) oleosin protein which has been demonstrated to have emulsification properties. Traditionally, oleosomes from oil bearing seeds such as safflower were simply crushed to liberate the oil within. Our patented DermaSphere technology allows for the isolation of oleosomes in the intact state. Once isolated, these materials can be used in skin care formulations to deliver the emolliency, occlusivity, and anti-oxidant effects typically associated with safflower oil. However, because of the presence of the emulsifying oleosin protein covering the spherical oil body, oleosomes have self-emulsification property as well as can emulsify other oil phase in typical oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion. The oleosomes can literally serve as the entire non-active portion of the oil phase of a typical skin care product. Most importantly, natural oleosomes can be loaded with other oil-soluble active materials and can therefore be used as delivery systems for improved cosmetic efficacies. Oleosomes can be loaded with various actives, such as fragrances, vitamins, inset repellents, and UV chromophores. The loaded oleosomes can be utilized to either protect the active ingredients within the formulation itself or to allow for control release of those actives over time.

Establishment of Early Diagnosis and Surgical Operative Method in Puppies with Congenital Patellar Luxation (선천성 슬개골탈구를 지닌 자견의 조기 진단법 및 외과적 수술법 확립)

  • 정순욱;박수현
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.309-320
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    • 1999
  • Medial patellar luxation in dogs is one of the most common patellar problems presented to the veterinary practitioner. It is observed in toy and miniature breed and the majority of cases is a congenital form. Because of extensor mechanism's instability, it causes deformity and disorder in the growth of the affected limb when the luxation is left without treatment As lameness is not easily detectable in puppies, early diagnosis and correction are essential for therapy. Up to now, there has not been any reports refering to the diagnostic methods and the optimal age for correction in young dogs. Thirteen 45-90 days old puppies, have grade I and/or II medial patellar luxation. Only by palpation, all 13 dogs were diagnosed of patelar luxation. Skyline radiographic view was useful to interpret patellar morphology and depth of trochlear groove only above 60 days old. However, it was difficult to make definite diagnosis patellar luxation. The caudocranial and lateral radiographic view as well as ultrasonographic skyline view were not showed of patellar luxation. 2 puppies had unilateral patellar luxation and 11 puppies had bilateral patellar luxation which more serious on the left than on the right. Only 3 puppies among 11 puppies with bilateral patellar luxation were observed of lameness degree 1. Regardless of grade of patellar luxation and lameness, we performed trochlear chondroplasty using a U-shape sculpture blade to minimize cartilage injury, transposition of tibia tuberosity with No. 1 Supramid to align extensor mechanism and lateral imbrication. After surgery, we examined the operated animal daily for 10 days and on 15, 30 and 60 days after surgery respectively. After operation, pain and fever became normal on 7 days, swelling on 10 days, respectively. On 10 days after surgery, dogs showed normal standing position, and normal walking was observed in 15 days after surgery. In force plate analysis, the operated legs were normal weight bearing at 30 days after operation. After surgery, not only patellar luxation and clinical signs have been gradually reduced but also bone growth have become normal without showing growth physeal plate injury. The survival rate of puppies over 62 days old was 100%, while 42-45 days old 37.5%. The above results suggest that optimal age for surgical correction of congenital medial patellar luxation is recommended over 60 days old. In conclusion, combination of trochlear chondroplasty, transposition of tibia tuberosity, and lateral retinacular imbrication is appropriate for over 60 days old puppies to efficiently correct patellar luxation.

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Oil Content and Growth Characteristics of Collected Safflower varieties (잇꽃의 수집종간 생육특성 및 기름함량변이)

  • 박종선
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.123-129
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    • 2003
  • This study was conducted to determine the germination characteristics, oil contents and fatty acid compositions of the different safflower accessions. The safflower accessions had nearly the same germination period of about 12-13 days and the germination rate was more than 87.5%. Plant height grew until 84 days after seeding. The number of leaves did not increase after 70 days from seeding. The accessions had a difference of six loaves from 17 to 23 loaves. Flowering time had a difference of 11 days from 79 days after planting to 90 days after planting. The Jangsung accession had the shortest flowering time of 79 days after planting. In the characteristics of bearing fruit, the number of branches including main stem are from 4.7 to 8.8. The number of head flowers had nearly the same number of branches which were 4.8-8.9, numbers of seed per head flower were 29.3-49.1 and the weight of 100 seeds were 2.9-3.9 g. The crude fat content was 21.8-33.9% and fatty acid content was 66.6-77.6% containing mostly linolenic acid. Oeic acid content was 9.2-16.5% and it contained palmitic acid, stearic acid, venin acid, arachidonic acid etc. Results of this study, the accession Jangsung, which had the shortest flowering time and had the most crude fat content, was observed to be the best accession for the breeding of safflower.

The Inhibition Effect of Triptolide on Human Endometrial Carcinoma Cell Line HEC-1B: a in vitro and in vivo Studies

  • Ni, Jing;Wu, Qiang;Sun, Zhi-Hua;Zhong, Jian;Cai, Yu;Huang, Xin-En
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.16 no.11
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    • pp.4571-4576
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    • 2015
  • Background: To investigate the inhibitory effect and the underlying mechanism of triptolide on cultured human endometrial carcinoma HEC-1B cells and corresponding xenograft. Materials and Methods: For in vitro studies, the inhibition effect of proliferation on HEC-1B cell by triptolide was determined by MTT assay; cell cycle and apoptosis of the triptolide-treated and untreated cells were detected by flow cytometry. For in vivo studies, a xenograft tumor model of human endometrial carcinoma was established using HEC-1B cells, then the tumor-bearing mice were treated with high, medium, and low-dose ($8{\mu}g$, $4{\mu}g$ and $2{\mu}g/day$) triptolide or cisplatin at $40{\mu}g/day$ or normal saline as control. The mice were treated for 10-15 days, during which body weight of the mice and volume of the xenograft were weighted. Then expression of Bcl-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was analyzed by SABC immunohistochemistry. Results: Cell growth was significantly inhibited by triptolide as observed by an inverted phase contrast microscope; the results of MTT assay indicated that triptolide inhibits HEC-1B cell proliferation in a dose and time-dependent manner; flow cytometry showed that low concentration (5 ng/ml) of triptolide induces cell cycle arrest of HEC-1B cells mainly at S phase, while higher concentration (40 or 80 ng/ml) induced cell cycle arrest of HEC-1B cells mainly at G2/M phase, and apoptosis of the cells was also induced. High-dose triptolide showed a similar tumor-inhibitory effect as cisplatin (-50%); high-dose triptolide significantly inhibited Bcl-2 and VEGF expression in the xenograft model compared to normal saline control (P<0.05). Conclusions: triptolide inhibits HEC-1B cell growth both in vitro and in mouse xenograft model. Cell cycle of the tumor cells was arrested at S and G2/M phase, and the mechanism may involve induction of tumor cell apoptosis and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis.

The Effect of Medial Arch Support for Flexible Flat Foot of Children (소아의 유연성 편평족에서 내측 세로궁 지지대의 효과)

  • Song, Hae-Ryong;Kim, Hak-Jun;Yoon, Yong-Cheol
    • Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.177-181
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    • 2010
  • Purpose: The author evaluated the clinical and radiological results after wearing the medial arch supports in children. Materials and Methods: 103 patients who had symptomatic flat feet were evaluated from march, 2002 to may 2009. All patients wore the medial arch supports according to the symptoms. We measured parameters at weight-bearing radiographs before and after medial arch support were worn. We also evaluated the clinical scores using the AOFAS score. Results: Mean age of patients was 97 months (11-204 months), all foot of patients involved bilaterally. Mean talo-first metatarsal angle of right foot was $17.7{\pm}9.4$ and left foot was $19.96{\pm}9.5$ degrees at AP radiograph in pre-wearing state. Mean calcaneal pitch angle of right foot was $12.0{\pm}5.3$ and left foot was $11.9{\pm}5.8$ degrees at lateral radiograph in pre-wearing state. Mean talo-first metatarsal angle of right foot was $14.4{\pm}8.05$ and left foot was $13.1{\pm}8.77$ degrees at AP radiograph in post-wearing state. Mean calcaneal pitch angle of right foot was $16.4{\pm}5.75$ left foot was $16.5{\pm}5.6$ degrees at lateral radiograph in post-wearing state. The radiographic angles between pre-wearing and post-wearing state were statistically significant (p<0.05). Mean pre-wearing AOFAS hindfoot score was $66.7{\pm}9.25$, midfoot score was $60.0{\pm}9.34$ forefoot score was $57.1{\pm}11.8$. Mean post-wearing AOFAS hindfoot score was $73.2{\pm}9.73$, midfoot score was $68.1{\pm}10.1$, forefoot score was $67.2{\pm}11.4$. The forefoot score was highest improving scores among the AOFAS scores. Conclusion: From our study, we concluded that medial arch support was effective for symptomatic flat feet of children in radiological and clinical results from our study.

The Mechanism for Analgesic Effects of Electroacupuncture on Surgical Ankle Sprain Model Classified as Grade 3 in Rats (수술적 방법으로 유도된 3단계 발목염좌에 대한 전침의 진통기전 연구)

  • Yang, Seung-Bum;Choi, Suck-Jun;Lee, Sung-Ho;Kim, Min-Su;Sohn, In-Chul;Kim, Jae-Hyo
    • Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.220-229
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    • 2013
  • Objectives : Electroacupuncture(EA) has been used effectively in producing analgesia on ankle sprain pain of humans and animals. Currently to examine the underlying mechanisms of the EA-induced analgesia, the effects of EA on weight-bearing forces(WBR) were examined at ankle sprain classified as grade 3 in rats. Methods : The severe ankle sprain classified as grade 3 was induced surgically by ankle ligament injury in the Sprague-Dawley rats. WBR of the affected foot were examined to evaluate effects and mechanism of EA(2 Hz, 1 ms pulse width, 2 mA intensity, for 15 min) which was applied to either SI6, GB34, or GB39 acupoints. The rats were pretreated with naltrexone(10 mg/kg, i.p.) as an opioid receptor antagonist or phentolamine(5 mg/kg, i.p) as an ${\alpha}$-adrenoceptor antagonist at 30 min before EA. Results : The daily repeat EA at either SI6, GB34, or GB39 showed significant analgesic effects on the severe ankle sprain. Particularly, daily EA at GB34 showed more potent analgesic effect than the others. In addition, the naltrexone pretreatment completely blocked the analgesic effect of EA at GB34, indicating the involvement of the endogenous opioid system in mediating the effect of EA at GB34. However, the phentolamine pretreament blocked analgesic effects of EA at either SI6 or GB39, indicating the involvement of ${\alpha}$-adrenoceptors in mediating the effect of EA at either SI6 or GB39. Conclusions : These data suggest that EA-induced analgesia on ankle sprain pain is mediated through either endogenous opioids or ${\alpha}$-adrenoceptors dependant on acupoint specific pattern.

Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Exercise on Forced Expiratory Volume at One Second, Pain, and Functional Disability Index of Chronic Low Back Pain Patients (고유수용성신경근촉진법 운동이 만성허리통증환자의 1초간 노력성 날숨량과 통증 및 기능장애지수에 미치는 영향)

  • Bong, Soon-Young;Kim, Yong-Jeong;Kang, Mi-Gyeong;Kim, Beom-Ryong
    • PNF and Movement
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.185-193
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    • 2016
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of neck patterns in proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) for neck movement and the neck disability index (NDI) among adults with forward head posture. Methods: Thirty-nine subjects were randomly assigned into two groups. Subjects in the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercise group (PNFG, n = 20) received 20 minutes of PNF neck pattern (flexion-Rt. lateral flexion-Rt. rotation followed by extension-Lt. lateral flexion-Lt. rotation) 3 times weekly for 4 weeks. Outcomes were measured using absolute rotation angle (ARA), anterior weight bearing (AWB), range of flexion and extension motions (RFEM), and neck disability index (NDI) methods before and after the 4-week intervention period. Results: There were significant effects for the PNFG, pre- and post-intervention, in ARA, AWB, RFEM, and NDI. There were significant differences in ARA, AWB, RFEM, and NDI compared with CG. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest the PNF neck pattern could be beneficial for adults with forward head posture.Purpose: This study investigates how abdominal muscular exercise based on proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) can affect chronic low back pain patients in terms of their pulmonary function, pain, and functional disability indexes. Methods: Fourteen target subjects with chronic low back were randomly assigned to the control group (n = 7) that performed abdominal muscle exercises and the experimental group (n = 7) that performed PNF abdominal muscular exercises. The exercises were performed five times a week for six weeks. To check the change in pulmonary function, the forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1) and visible analogue scale (VAS) were measured to check the pain level. The disability level caused by back pain was measured by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). A paired t-test was applied to compare the differences between the groups before and after the intervention, and an independent t-test was used to compare the differences between the groups. The level of statistical significance was set as ${\alpha}=0.05$. Results: Before and after the intervention, the experimental group showed a significant change in FEV1 (p < 0.01), and both the experimental and the control groups showed significant changes in VAS and ODI (p < 0.01). A comparison of the differences between the groups indicated that the experimental group showed more significant changes in FEV1 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: According to the study results, PNF abdominal muscular exercise effectively improved pulmonary function, pain, and functional disability indexes in subjects with chronic back pain. The proposed program can be applied to chronic back pain patients as a useful therapy.