• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권11호
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• pp.1179-1186
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• 2005

목 적 : 재태 연령에 따른 신생아 출생체중의 정상치를 아는 것은 자궁내 발육부전과 과출생 체중아를 진단하여 의사들은 고위험 신생아를 조기에 진단하고 치료하여 이들의 유병률과 사망률을 줄일 수 있고, 의료정책 입안자들은 이들에 대한 적절한 의료서비스의 개발과 건강관리 프로그램을 개발하고 시행하는데 도움을 줄 수 있다. 이에 저자들은 우리나라의 재태 연령에 따른 출생체중의 기준치를 구하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 2001년 1월 1일부터 2003년 12월 31일까지 3년간 통계청의 인구동태자료 중 출생 자료에 기록되어 있는 1,552,375명 중 재태 연령이 24주에서 44주 사이의 단태아 1,509,763명을 대상으로 재태 연령에 따른 평균값과 표준편차를 구하고 10, 25, 50, 75, 90 백분위수를 구하였다. 또한 각 재태 연령별 분포곡선이 정규분포를 따르는지 알아보았다. 이중 정규분포를 따르지 않거나 쌍봉형을 나타내는 재태 연령에서 유한 혼합 모델을 이용하여 오류의 값을 제거하고 다시 평균과 표준편차 그리고 10, 25, 50, 75, 90 백분위수를 구하고 이에 따른 곡선을 그렸다. 결 과 : 원시자료를 통해 얻은 재태 연령에 따른 출생체중 곡선은 27주에서 32주 사이에 심한 혹이 나타난다. 이에 따라 재태 연령별 출생체중의 분포를 그렸을 때 24주에서 27주까지는 우측으로 긴 꼬리를 가지는 치우친 곡선을 보였고 28주에서 32주까지는 상봉형의 곡선을 보였다. 그리고 그 이후에는 거의 정규 분포를 따르는 곡선을 보였다. 이는 33주 미만에서 재태 연령의 기록에 오류가 있음을 나타내는 것으로 저자들은 유한 혼합 모델을 이용해서 재태 연령별 출생체중 분포를 분석한 후 오류의 부분을 제거 후 재태 연령에 따른 출생체중 곡선을 완성하였다. 이렇게 완성된 출생체중 곡선은 Lubchenco 등의 결과에 비해 10 백분위수에서 높은 값을 보였고 노르웨이나 북미의 연구 결과에 비해서는 전반적으로 낮은 값을 보였다. 결 론 : 본 연구에서 얻은 재태 연령에 의한 출생체중의 기준치와 곡선은 3년간 우리나라의 출생아 전수를 대상으로 오류를 객관적인 기준에 의해 제거하여 만든 것이다. 그러므로 우리나라를 대표하난 신생아의 재태 연령에 의한 출생체중의 기준 및 자궁내 발육부전이나 과출생 체중아의 진단의 기준으로 사용 할 수 있으리라 생각된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.68-72
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• 2009

To gain a greater understanding of the potential for future harmful algal bloom (HAB) outbreaks and to trace the dispersal paths of dinoflagellates, sediment samples were collected from 13 stations in the southeastern Yellow Sea. 23 different types of dinoflagellate resting cysts were identified from the samples. Protoceratium reticulatum (1-391 cells/g dry weight), Gonyaulax scrippsae (0-254 cells/g dry weight), G. spinifera (0-301 cells/g dry weight) and Alexandrium spp. (ellipsoidal type) (0-76 cells/g dry weight) were the dominant species at all surveyed stations. The overall distribution pattern demonstrated that the resting cyst densities were highest in the offshore area and decreased gradually toward the Korean coast. On the other hand, the composition rate of resting cysts of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate species to the total dinoflagellates was higher in the Korean coast region than in the offshore area. We supposed that this distribution pattern of dinoflagellate resting cysts appeared to be influenced by the hydrographic features and environmental conditions of the Yellow Sea.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.257-269
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• 1990

We designed this study to compare the total body fat content and its distribution of diabetics with those of normal subjects. Skinfold thicknesses at eight sites(subscapular, subcostal, abdomen, suprailiac, triceps, forearm, thigh and calf) and body circumferences at five sites(waist, hip, arm, thigh and calf) were measured on 220 diabetics(82 male, 138 female) and on 160 nondiabetic subjects(male 57, female 103). We matched 92 pairs with diabetics and nondiabetic control subjects by sex, age, body weight and height, and made comparisons between two groups(case-control study). The results were as follows: 1) There was no significant difference in total body fat content of diabetics and control (male ; 20.40$\pm$2.12%, 19.20$\pm$3.52%, female ; 26.46$\pm$2.53%, 27.01$\pm$2.92%, respectively). However, body muscle mass(%) in diabetic men(33.37$\pm$4.19%) was significantly lower than in nondiabetic men(38.16$\pm$7.11%). 2) Diabetics, especially women, were characterized by more central body fat than control. That is, indices of centrality of body fat distribution(subscapular/triceps skinfold : STR, central/peripheral fat : CPR) of diabetics were higher than those of control. 3) Body weight, body mass index and %IBW(current body weight$\times$100/ideal body weight) had negative correlations with duration of diabetes(r=-0.23~-0.33), but total body fat content(%) and indices of body fat distribution, such as STR, CPR, waist/hip girth ratio(WHR), and waist/thigh girth ratio(WTR), were not related to duration of diabetes.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.241-246
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• 2012

Purpose: We investigated the effect of postural stability and balance with foot orthotics in hemiplegic patients. Methods: The subjects enrolled in this study were 16 hemiplegic patients who were examined for balance ability, weight distribution, and limits of stability with or without foot orthotics insole. Balance was measured according to a stance position by BIORESCUE: static balance open eyes (SEO), static balance close eyes (SEC), dynamic balance open eyes (DEO), dynamic balance close eyes (DEC), right and left weight distribution (RLWD), anterior and posterior weight distribution (APWD) and limit of stability (LOS). The data were analyzed with SPSS window version 18.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). Results: The results were of significant changes to the SEO (p<0.05), RLWD (p<0.05), APWD (p<0.05), and LOS (p<0.05). The SEC, DEO and DEC were not found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: It was found that foot orthotics affected the balance for hemiplegic patients. Therefore, it is thought to help fall prevention to measure the balance ability.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2007

낙석에 영향을 주는 요소로는 기울기, 높이, 표면 거칠기 등의 비탈면 형태, 식생, 퇴적물질 등의 사면 구성재료 및 낙석 형상, 무게 등이 있다. 이들 영향요소 중 낙석의 크기 즉, 무게는 낙석시뮬레이션 결과에 큰 영향을 미침에도 불구하고 낙석무게에 대한 연구는 많이 이루어지고 있지 않다. 또한, 낙석의 크기는 현장의 절리간격에 의해서 영향을 많이 받으며, 현장의 발생 가능한 낙석무게분포는 절리간격을 이용하여 산정할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 절리간격을 이용하는 체적절리개수(volumetric Joint count, $J_{\nu}$) 및 $RQD-J_{\nu}$ 관계를 이용하여 낙석무게분포를 산정하였으며, 이는 연구부지에 대한 직접적인 현장낙석 조사결과 및 기존 문헌자료를 이용하여 비교 검증을 수행하였다. 낙석무게 추정결과 분석방법에 따라서 유사한 결과를 보이는 것으로 분석되었으며, 200kg 이하는 $75.3{\sim}76.7%,\;200{\sim}400kg$은 $15.0{\sim}16.6%$, 400kg 이상은 $6.7{\sim}9.7%$의 분포를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 현장의 낙석무게분포와 비교한 결과 유사한 분포를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서 제시한 방법으로 산정한 낙석무게분포는 낙석시뮬레이션의 입력 자료로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 판단되며, 그 추정 결과를 본 현장사면의 낙석 검토시 사용할 경우 경제적인 검토결과를 보이는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.55-76
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• 1996

The objective of this study was to identify the immediate effects of the short leg brace on the weight bearing distribution and gait patterns of hemiplegic patients. The subjects of this study were 18 hemiplegic patients who had been hospitalized or visited out-patient department of Rehabilitation Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, from January 5, 1996 through March 23, 1996. PLS(Posterior Leaf Spring) on and off changes in gait patterns were measured using ink foot print as well as by recording weight bearing distribution using a limb load monitor. The data were analyzed by the correlation and paired t-test. The findings were as follows: 1. Eighteen subjects were more weighted on the affected leg when PLS was put off(42.74%) than on(40.08%). 2. The defference in gait patterns between PLS on and off was statistically significant, with an increase in step length by 1.7cm on the involved side; a decrease in foot angle by 4.41 degree on the involved side; and a narrowing of base of support by 1.46cm when PLS were off. In conclusion, this study showed that PLS did not affect the weight bearing distribution and gait patterns of hemiplegic patients. Since, the evaluation method used in this study has limitations in regard to temporal distance gait values. Further studies are required to numerous experiments for subject and extensive study.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a weight control program on anthropometric values, serum lipid profiles and nutrient intakes. The subjects of this study were 38 obese children (boy : 17, girl : 21) with obesity index over 120%. The weight control program for obese children included nutritional education (50 min) and exercise (50 min) for 10 weeks. The nutrition intakes of the children were surveyed before and after the weight control program by 24hr recall test. The BMI, R$\ddot{o}$hrer Index, Obesity Index, WHR (Waist - Hip ratio) and body fat(%) were significantly decreased after completion of the weight control program. The total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol of subjects were significantly increased after the weight control program. Distribution of serum lipid profiles was slightly changed. The energy intakes were significantly decreased (p < 0.001). from 1760.8 kcal to 1435.2 kcal. In addition, the intakes of P, Zn, retinol, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin E and niacin were significantly decreased. while intakes of vitamin C and folate were increased. Calcium and folic acid were upper 25% of subjects, under EAR(Estimated Average Requirements) intake before the weight control program. The distribution of energy intakes was significantly changed into positive status; fat percentage was decreased 26.3% to 22.1% (p < 0.01). Carbohydrate was increased 58.6% to 61.2% (p < 0.05). Meal distribution of energy intakes was changed; calorie percentage from lunch significantly increased from 32.2% to 38.3%. Calorie percentage from snack significantly decreased from 17.7% to 13.5%. In conclusion, weight control program for 10 weeks is effective in obesity index and nutrient intakes although serum lipid values were a little changed.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.141-150
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• 2003

The purpose of the study was to investigate attitude about self-weight reduction and dietary intakes by body mass index (BMI) of university students. The subjects were Korean university students (male: 1,024, female： 1,575) who were participating in a nutritional education class via the internet. This survey was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included items about demographic characteristics, nutrient intakes, health-related lifestyles, dietary behaviors, body images and diet experiences. As for prevalence of obesity, 3.2％ of male subjects were underweight, 64.2％ were normal weight, 20.8％ were overweight, and 11.8％ were obese. In female subjects, 25.8％ were underweight, 67.1 ％ were normal weight, 5.3％ were overweight, and 1.7％ were obese. Distribution of obesity by BMI was significantly different between male and female subjects. There was a significant difference in perceptions of body weight between male and female subjects. The female subjects were more likely to perceive themselves as overweight. As for weight reduction, the higher BMI was, the more weight reduction was tried in both male and female subjects. As for average daily intakes for energy and 11 nutrients, most nutrient intakes were not significantly different by distribution of BMI. However, obese subgroup showed the lowest nutrient intakes compared to other subgroups. As BMI increased, mean adequacy ratio (MAR) significantly decreased. Therefore, nutritional education via the internet is necessary for university students to establish physically and mentally optimal health condition through nutritional intervention.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.621-631
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• 2017

In this paper, we study the various impacts of connecting distributed generation (DG) to the distribution network. The comprehensive evaluation index system (CEIS) of four hierarchies is established, considering economy, reliability and voltage quality, and the calculation methods of different indexes are presented. This paper puts forward an improved triangular fuzzy number analytic hierarchy process (ITFNAHP) to weight the second level indexes (SLI) and the third level indexes (TLI), and calculates the variation coefficient to weight the fourth level indexes (FLI). We calculate the comprehensive weight coefficients based on the weight coefficients of the SLI, TLI and FLI, and then calculate the comprehensive evaluation of satisfaction (CES) of different access schemes. On the basis of the IEEE 33-bus example system, simulations of the calculation methods and the comprehensive evaluation method are carried out under different DG access schemes according to the same total investment cost and the same permeability, respectively, and the simulation results are analyzed and discussed.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2002

A mutation in the promoter region of uncoupling protein 3 (UCF3), specifically the -55C longrightarrow T transition, may influence an individual's energy metabolism and body weight. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a weight reduction program on endocrine functions and body fat distribution, related to UCP3 promoter genotype. Ninety overweight pre-menopausal female subjects participated in the weight reduction program at Yonsei University Hospital, and were placed on a calorie-restricted diet (300 kcal less than their daily requirements) for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, all subjects on the program lost approximately 5% of their initial body weights and had lower Body Mass Index (BMI) values. Among the 90 women, 56 had a normal (without mutation) UCP3 genotype, while 34 women had mutations in the promoter region of UCP3. Despite similar weight reductions in both groups, a significantly higher decrease in abdominal adipose tissue was observed in the normal UCP3 genotype group, compared to the group with mutations. In particular, there was a significant reduction of fat at the lumbar 1 (Ll) level in the without-mutation group. Serum levels of total cholesterol, apolipoprotein Al were significantly decreased in the without-mutation group, by 4.4% and 5.7% respectively. Serum levels of hormones were not significantly changed in both groups artier the intervention. However, in the group without the mutations, the leptin level significantly reduced by 23.4% (p<0.001). Serum free fatty acid (FFA) concentration was significantly increased in the group with mutation following the weight reduction program. On the other hand, FFA responses were shown similar increases in both groups. In conclusion, although no difference was found in the magnitude of weight reduction in both groups, there were significant differences in body fat distribution and in endocrine function between the groups.