• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.59-69
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• 2007

The main objective of this study is to suggest the new sizing system proper to the boys in the high school students by classifying their somatotype for the development of educational environment and uniform. The sample for this work was chosen from data which were collected and measured by Size Korea during two years $(2003\sim2004)$. In order to analyze feature of the somatotype of boys in the high school students, analysis was performed about 479 subjects on 37 body parts such as height (9 parts), width (5 parts), thickness (6 parts), circumference (7 parts), length (8 parts), body weight and $R\ddot{o}hrer$ Index. The result of this study can be utilized in various fields such as design of classroom, student uniforms, facilities and equipments for education at high school and university, etc.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.35-50
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• 2021

Eccentrically braced frames (EBFs) are utilized as a lateral resisting system in high seismic zones. Links are the primary source of energy dissipation and they are exposed to high deformation, which may lead to buckling. Web stiffeners were introduced to prevent buckling of shear link. AISC 341 provides the required vertical stiffeners for a shear link. In this study, different stiffener configurations were examined. The main objective is to improve the behavior of short links using different stiffener configurations. Pursuant to this goal, a comprehensive numerical study is conducted using ABAQUS. Shear links with different stiffener configurations were subjected to cyclic loading using loading protocol mandated by AISC 341. The results are compared in terms of energy dissipation and shear capacities and rupture index. The proposed stiffener configurations were further verified with different link length ratios, I-shapes and thickness of stiffener. Based on the results, the stiffener configuration with two vertical and two diagonal stiffeners perpendicular to each other is recommended. The proposed stiffener configuration can increase the shear capacity, energy dissipation capacity and the ratio of energy/weight up to 27%, 38% and 30%, respectively. Detailing of the proposed stiffener configuration is presented.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.420-423
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• 2001

Combining ability in mungbean was studied in 15 quantitative traits through a 6 $\times$ 6 diallel cross. Both additive and non-additive gene effects were found conditioning the inheritane of nodes of the first peduncle, clusters per plant, clusters on main stem and branches, pods per plant, 1000 seed weight, grain yield per plant, biomass, and harvest index. The additive gene action was found significant for nodes on main stem, average internodal length, branches per plant, pods per cluster, pod length, and seeds per pod. The predominace of additive genetic variance was observed in all traits. For grain yield and yield components, the best combiner were VC3902A, VC1560D and ML-5, while the best combinations were the crosses VC3902A $\times$ ML-5, VC1560D $\times$ ML-5, and NM 92 $\times$ VC1560D.

• Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.32-35
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of $K_{2}O$ fertilizer application on growth, yield and lodging resistance of rice. Culm length and panicle length were lowest at the treatment of fertilizer level, $N-P_{2}O_{5}-K_{2}O=16-8-8$ plot but number of panicle, percentage of fruitful culm, $1{\ell}$ grain weights of paddy rice and brown rice, 1,000 grains weight of brown rice, brown rice ratio, yields of paddy rice and brown rice were highest at the treatment of fertilizer level, $N-P_{2}O_{5}-K_{2}O=16-8-8$ kg/10a plot. Bending moment, breaking strength and lodging index were lowest at the treatment of fertilizer level, $N-P_{2}O_{5}-K_{2}O=16-8-8$ kg/10a plot. Judging from the results reported above, an optimum fertilizer level of rice for lodging resistance is most likely be $N-P_{2}O_{5}-K_{2}O=16-8-8$ kg/10a treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.141-151
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• 1998

This survey was conducted to investigate the relation of children's obesity index to their mothers' food habit during the October in 1995. The survey covered a total of 492 mothers whose children were in the fifth grade of elementary schools in Cheju City area. The results are summarized as follows: 1.The surveyed children's average WLI(Weight-Length Index) is 107.08. WLI shows that 16.1% of them are overweight, 16.1% obese and 49.8% ideally weighted. The mothers' average BMI(Body Mass Index) is 22.4. 21.8% of them are underweight and 69.4% normal. The children's obesity index is significantly correlated to their fathers', but not significant to their mothers'. 2.As to the food habit I (balance of nutrients intake), 58.4% of the mothers have 'excellent' or 'good' food habit and the mean score is 14.95 out of maximum possible score 24.0. Concerning to the food habit II (intake of sugar, fat and salt etc.), 87.4% of mothers have 'good' or 'fair' food habit and the mean score of is 13.34 out of maximum (possible score) 20.0. The mothers' food habit I and II, as a whole, have no significant effect on the children's obesity index, but in some items the significant relations are founded. The children's chesty index is significantly related to the intake of eggs (P<0.05) and pan-broiled or fried foods (P<0.05). The amount of mothers' food intake is significantly relevant to their obesity index (P<0.001), but not significantly to their children's. The food habit of mothers who have taken midnight snack almost every day are significantly related to their children's chesty index (P<0.05). The findings of the study emphasize the importance of the nutrition education to ensure health and better physical fitness for children and their mothers.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.12-40
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• 1983

Heading behaviour of native japonica (GI) and Japanese varieties (GII) grown during 1910-1920s were thermo-sensitive, home bred varieties during 1930s (GIII) - 1950s (GIV) were photo-sensitive and semi-dwarf indica derived varieties released since 1971 (GV) were controlled by basic vegetative phase. Number of leaves on main culm was increased with varietal improvement and culm length was gradually shortened as variety improved. GV variety had the shortest plant height among the groups. The first internode length was about 30cm in all groups and difference of 2nd-4th internode length was caused shortening the culm length. Panicle length and diameter of panicle neck were shortened and became thinner as variety developed from GI to GIV, however, GV had longer panicle and thick panicle neck, respectively. Number of panicles/hill and straw weight/hill increased and became heavier as variety improve from GI to GIV but GV had moderate number of panicle/hill and relatively light straw weight. Number of spikelet/panicle has been reduced with varietal improvement but GV had the biggest number. Grain yield/hill also increased as variety improved, however, it was decreased as transplanting season postponed and GV had shown the most sensitive difference. Top dry matter weight at heading stage and at 20 days after heading (20 DAH) had no difference among the groups except GI which was the smallest. Average grain weight at 20 DAH was heavier in the order of GI > GII, GV > GIV > GIII. It had a little variation in GI & GII while that of other variety group showed significant decrease as transplanting delayed. Harvest index (HI) of GV was the highest at 54% for the earlier transplanting and GIII had the lowest HI. Difference of HI became conspicuous for the later transplanting, the varieties bred later had the lower HI when transplanting of rice delayed. At the earliest transplanting applied (May 15), the grain yield was higher in the order of GI > GIV > GIII > GII > GI, however, that of Tongil type variety (GV) was the lowest for the latest transplanting (June 29). Interrelationship among the agronomical characteristics and grain yield was discussed.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2024

Objectives : Ulcerative colitis is a chronic recurrent inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. However, there are some drawbacks to long-term drug therapy such as the risk of opportunistic infections. Recently, there was an increasing interest on the use of khorasan Kamut wheat because of their higher value of selenium and fiber than modern wheat. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of Kamut brand wheat enzyme (Kamut WE) diet on colon health in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. Methods : Female C57BL/6J mice were divided into 6 groups. (1) normal (Water and AIN-93G diet), (2) control (1.25% DSS and AIN-93G diet), (3) Kamut WE (1.25% DSS and Kamut WE diet), (4) normal (Water and AIN-93G diet), (5) control (2.50% DSS and AIN-93G diet), (6) Kamut WE (2.50% DSS and Kamut WE diet). Dietary intake, body weight change, disease activity index (DAI), colon length and spleen weight were monitored. Results : Kamut WE group alleviated colitis symptom, including dietary intake loss, DAI (weight loss, loose stools, bleeding), colon length shortening and spleen swelling. Further, Kamut WE diets showed a significant effect against pathological damage by the increased colon length, decreased DAI and spleen weight in DSS 1.25% as well as DSS 2.50%. Conclusions : Our study provides evidence that Kamut WE diet increased colon length, decreased DAI and spleen weight in intestinal inflammation.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.537-548
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the species composition and the aquatic environment of Jojong Stream and Sudong Stream, which were the original habitats of Zacco koreanus population and restored population re-introduced in Bongseonsa Stream. It also compared and analyzed the states of the growth and reproductive ability of Z. koreanus habiting in each of the three streams. The investigation was conducted in June 2016 which was known as the spawning season of Z. koreanus. The results of the physical aquatic environments showed the slight differences in altitude, width and depth of water among three streams, but the bottom structure was found to be quite different in the composition of the boulder, cobble, and pebble among the streams. The result of the physicochemical aquatic environment analysis showed that there were no significant differences in water temperature, pH, DO, BOD, and EC among the three stream. In the fish fauna investigation, 530 individuals of 11 species of 3 families were collected in Bongseonsa Stream, 293 individuals of 12 species of 4 families were collected in Jojong Stream, and 361 individuals of 11 species of 4 families were collected in Sudong Stream. All three streams were dominated by Z. koreanus and Z. platypus. Six Korean endemic species appeared in each of the three streams, showing the high occurrence rate of indigenous species of 50.0% or more. The aggregation index analysis revealed that the mean dominance index ranged from 0.63 (${\pm}0.05$, BS) to 0.72(${\pm}0.01$, JJ), mean diversity index from 1.55 (${\pm}0.06$, JJ) to 1.78 (${\pm}0.11$, BS), mean evenness index from 0.71 (${\pm}0.03$, JJ) to 0.76 (${\pm}0.02$, BS), and mean richness index from 1.61 (${\pm}0.33$, JJ) to 1.73 (${\pm}0.24$, SD). The result indicated that the observed differences between the stream community indices were statistically nonsignificant. The similarity analysis showed that 75.4% similarity was divided into two groups of A and B and that the fish fauna on each analyzed point was similar. The quantitative habitat evaluation index (QHEI) analysis showed that the average value of QHEI was 151.0 (${\pm}46.0$), which means that it was a suboptimal habitat environment. The result of length-weight analysis of Z. koreanus populations showed that the regression coefficient b of the restoration population and the original habitat population were at 3.0 or higher while the condition factor had a positive slope. Moreover, it was found that the slopes of the regression coefficient b and condition factor of the original habitat population were larger than the restored population. The analysis of the length frequency distribution of the Z. koreanus population revealed that all three streams maintained the stable life cycle although it was found that the growth rate of the original habitat population was faster than the restored population in the one-year-old class. The result of the gonadosomatic index (GSI) analysis showed that the GSI median value of the Z. koreanus population in the restored habitat Bongseonsa Stream was higher than the population in the original habitat Jojong Stream and Sudong Stream for both of males and females.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.1039-1047
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal time of transportation of floor-feed and scatter-feed broilers. Methods: Eighty healthy Arbor Acres (AA) broilers (21-day-old, 624.4 g, male, standard error = 6.65) were selected and randomly divided into two experimental groups (floor-feed and scatter-feed), then fed for three weeks. The experiment comprised a 2×4 factorial design with 2 feed patterns (floor-feed and scatter-feed) and 4 transport periods (2, 3, 4, and 5 h), and 4 replicates of 5 broilers (54-day-old, 2243 g, standard error = 46.65) was used to compare weight loss, meat quality and behavior index of different groups. Results: It appeared that drip loss, meat color and resting behavior of experimental broilers changed as length of transportation (p<0.05), however, weight loss and pH were not significantly transformed (p>0.05). Compared with floor-feed group, broilers in scatter-feed group had lower pH at 24 hours (3 h) and different behavioral indicators (p<0.05). Especially indicators after 3 h transportation, there were obvious differences between the two feeding modes in the behavior reaction of stress events before slaughter with different transport duration (p<0.05). The fluctuation of data on resting behavior with scatter-feed was significantly higher than that of floor-feed broilers. There was no interaction between transport time and different feeding methods for index tested of our experiment (p>0.05). Conclusion: Comprehensive analysis showed that the maximum transport duration of floor-feed and scatter-feed broilers should not exceed 3 h, and scatter-feed broilers were more likely prone to fear.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.345-352
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• 2022

Background: Optimal needle depth in transforaminal epidural injection (TFEI) is determined by body measurements and is influenced by the needle entry angle. Physician can choose the appropriate needle length and perform the procedure more effectively if depth is predicted in advance. Methods: This retrospective study included patients with lumbosacral pain from a single university hospital. The skin depth from the target point was measured using magnetic resonance imaging transverse images. The depth was measured bilaterally for L4 and L5 TFEIs at 15°, 20°, and 25° oblique angles from the spinous process. Results: A total of 4,632 measurements of 386 patients were included. The lengths of the left and right TFEI at the same level and oblique angle were assessed, and no statistical differences were identified. Therefore, linear regression analysis was performed for bilateral L4 and L5 TFEIs. The R-squared values of height and weight combined were higher than the height, weight, and body mass index (BMI). The following equation was established: Depth (mm) = a - b (height, cm) + c (weight, kg). Based on the equation, maximal BMI capable with a 23G, 3.5-inch, Quincke-type point spinal needle was presented for three different angles (15°, 20°, and 25°) at lumbar levels L4 and L5. Conclusions: The maximal BMI that derived from the formulated equation is listed on the table, which can help in preparations for morbid obesity. If a patient has bigger BMI than the one in the table, the clinician should prepare longer needle than the usual spinal needle.