• 한국잡초학회지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.206-214
• /
• 2010

The laboratory and green house studies evaluated the effect of three different environmental factors on the seed germination, seedling emergence and survival of four major weed species in coconut plantations, Mimosa pudica, Ureana lobata, Panicum maximum and Pennisetum polystachyon. Germination percentage of all the weed species was significantly reduced with increasing soil moisture stress, no germination was observed at -0.9 MPa. Germination of both grass seeds ranged from 8% to 25% and 10% to 45% as moisture stress decreased from -0.4 MPa to 0 MPa, respectively. In contrast, seeds of M. pudica, and U. lobata were moderately tolerant to soil moisture stress and best adapted to moist environment. All the weed species seeds germinated over a wide range of soil pH values with the highest germination occurring at pH 6. In all the species, seedling emergence was declined rapidly with increasing depth with the exception of U. lobata. Seedling emergence significantly declined when the duration of flooding was three days or longer in dicotyledonous weed species and two days or longer in monocotyledonous weeds. This study illustrates the adaptability of these weeds to different environmental conditions which would enable the development of management strategies to reduce their populations below economic threshold levels in coconut plantations.

• 한국잡초학회지
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.219-223
• /
• 1991

주요(主要) 밭잡초종자(雜草種子)의 발아생리(發芽生理)를 구명(究明)하기 위해 발아(發芽)에 영향(影響)을 미치는 배지(培地)및 저온처리(低溫處理)에 대한 연구결과(硏究結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 토양(土壤)과 Agar(0.4%) 배지(培地)가 공시(供試) 잡초종자(雜草種子) 발아(發芽)에 좋았다. 2. 잡초종자(雜草種子)의 치상전(置床前) 저온처리기간(低溫處理基間)은 30-45 일(日), 저온처리후(低溫處理後) 상온(常溫)에 두는 기간(期間)은 10-20일(日)이 적합(適合)하였다. 3. 잡초종자(雜草種子)의 저온(低溫)($5^{\circ}C$, 30 일간(日間))처리시(處理時) 물을 흡수(吸水)시킨 가제나 비닐봉지에 담아 두는 방법(方法)이 발아율(發芽率)을 증가(增加)시켰다. 4. 공시(供試) 잡초종자(雜草種子) 토양매몰(土壤埋沒)깊이는 10cm, 매몰기간(埋沒期間)은 30-60 일(日)에서 대부분 잡초(雜草)들이 발아(發芽)하였다.

• 한국잡초학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.121-130
• /
• 1995

본 실험은 알팔파 발아와 초기생육에 대한 canada thist1e 등 7종잡초의 allelopathic 잠재성을 평가하기 위해서 실시하였다. 1. 7종류 잡초의 지상부와 지하부 추출물의 알팔파 발아와 생육에 대한 억제효과를 비교하면 두 추출물이 공히 알팔파 발아와 생육에 억제적으로 작용하였으나, 지상부의 추출물이 지하부의 추출물보다 더 큰 억제작용을 보였으며, 이 중에서 velvetleaf 추출물이 가장 억제적이었고(b=3.69), crabgrass 추출물은 가장 낮은 억제정도를 보였다(b=2.39). 2. 농도에 따른 velvetleaf 추출물 처리에서는 농도가 증가할수록 alfalfa 발아율, 유근의 길이, 무게 등이 대조구외 비교하여 상대적으로 더 억제되었으며, 알팔파 발아와 유근의 생육에 대한 velvetleaf의 건조 추출물과 생체 추출물을 비교하면 건조 추출물이 더 억제적으로 작용하였다. 3. 건조된 velvetleaf를 silica sand와 혼합처리시 혼합비율이 증가될수록 알팔파의 초기 출현율과 생존율이 더 억제되었으며 혼합비율 1%에서는 출현율과 생존율이 44.0%, 56.7%로 가장 낮았다. 4. 잡초 잔기의 처리시간에 따른 알팔파 초기 생육에 대한 억제작용은 처리시간의 증가와 더불어 알팔파 생장이 억제되었고, 그 억제정도는 velvetleaf 72시간 처리시 가장 높았다.

• 한국잡초학회지
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.305-311
• /
• 1990

잡초종자(雜草種子) 발아(發芽)에 미치는 광(光)의 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 왕바랭이, 냉이, 털비름, 개비름, 쇠비름, 명아주, 까마중, 강아지풀, 바랭이를 공시(供試)하여 시험(試驗)을 수행(遂行)하였다. 1. 대부분의 공시잡종(供試草種)은 $25^{\circ}C$ 이상(以上)에서 강(强)한 광발아성(光發芽性)을 보였으며 낮은 온도하(溫度下)에서는 발아(發芽)가 저조(低調)하였다. 그러나 피, 강아지풀, 바랭이는 대체적으로 발아율(發芽率)이 떨어진 반면, 털비름, 개비름, 쇠비름은 높은 발아율(發芽率)을 유지(維持)하였다. 2 개비름, 쇠비름, 털비름은 적색광하(赤色光下)에서 발아(發芽)가 촉지(促進)되었으며 원적색광(遠赤色光)에서는 발아(發芽)가 현저히 억제(抑制)되었다.3. 털비름, 개비름, 쇠비름은 red/far-red 광(光)에 의한 가역반응(可逆反應)을 나타내는 것으로 보아 종자발아시(種子發芽時) Phytochrome이 관여하고 있음을 알 수 있었고 피, 왕바랭이는 적색광(赤色光) 및 자색광(白色光)과 청색광(靑色光) 연속조사하(連續照射下)에 관여하는청색광(靑色光) 색소(色素) (HIR 색소(色素))가 관여하는 것으로 추정(推定)되었다.

• 한국잡초학회지
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.17-24
• /
• 2012

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of weed interference and starter fertilizer on subsequent soybean seed quality at the Agricultural Research Farm and Laboratory of Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. Two factorial experiment was laid-outon a randomized complete block design with four replications. First factor was starter fertilizer levels (0 and 25 kg $ha^{-1}$) applied in the forms of monoammonium phosphate, the second factor was different weed interference periods consisted of five initial weed-free periods (in which, plots were kept free of weeds for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after crop emergence (DAE) and then weeds were allowed to grow until harvest) and five initial weed-infested periods (in which, weeds were allowed to grow for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60DAE, after which the plots were kept free of weeds until harvest). Full season weedy condition reduced 100-seed weight, seed germination percentage and seedling dry weight by 25.9, 13.3 and 22.5%, respectively and increased mean germination time and seed electrical conductivity by 55.8 and 24.3%, respectively as compared with full season weed-free control. However, the traits under study were not significantly influenced when field was kept free of weeds for at least 45 DAE (R1) or weedy condition was continued for less than 30 DAE (V8). There was a significant and negative correlation between weed biomass and seed weight (r = -0.93), so that when weed free condition was less than 45 DAE or weed infested period was continued for at least 30 DAE, soybean plants produced wrinkled and underdeveloped seeds with lower weights and qualities. Moreover, soybean seed quality reduction due to weed interference was more evident when starter fertilizer was applied and weeds interfered with soybean from the beginning of the growing season. Information from the present study is beneficial in soybean seed production systems and where farmers use the harvested seeds for the following planting.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.145-149
• /
• 1978

산소농도에 따른 질소, 산소혼합 gas중에서 7종의 잡초의 발아시험을 실시발아시의 산소요구도를 조사하였다. 1, 같은 잡초라도 종자의 전역에 따라 발아시의 산소요구도가 다른 경우가 있다. 2. 초종간의 발아시 산소요구도는 ヒメイヌボエ 여뀌>사마귀풀>물피>돌피>올챙고랭이>물달개비로서 올챙고랭이와 물달개비는 공기중 보다도 산소농도가 낮은 조건에서 발아가 양호 하였다. .3. 산소농도가 어느 농도보다도 저하하게 되면 유아의 신장 엽색의 발현이라던가 발근이 조해되었다.

• 한국잡초학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.271-278
• /
• 2011

The allelopathic effects of Lantana camara L. (Family:Verbenaceae) on germination and seedling establishment of some agricultural crops and weed species have been identified. Aqueous extracts of dry leaves and contaminated soil where L. camara is grown were used to verify allelopathic effect on seed germination of five bioassay species; Raphanus sativas, Capsicum annum, Lycopersicum esculantem, Crotalaria juncia and Chromoleana odorata. Fifty seeds from each bioassay species were placed in a petri dish containing leaf extracts or contaminated soil, and seed germination were examined after 3 days. The plant house experiments were carried out to evaluate the impact of L. camara contaminated soil and leaf debris using L. esculantem as the indicator plant. Seed germination of L. esculentem, C. junica and Capsicum annum was significantly inhibited by L. camara contaminated soil. However, the degree of inhibition varied among the bioassay species. The aqueous extract of dry leaves of L. camara was highly phytotoxic and it significantly reduced seed germination of all bioassay species. There was a decline in plant height, leaf area and shoot dry weight of tomato only in early growth stages when grown in L. camara contaminated soils. However, incorporation of leaf debris into soil affected the vegetative growth of tomato in early stages when the leaf debris concentration was increased. Growth recovered at the latter part of the life cycle. On the basis of these results it can be concluded that the allelochemicals in L. camara contaminated soils are harmful to the seed germination of crop species. The adverse effect was present only during the early growth stages and it did not suppress the latter part of the plant growth. These responses are attributed to allelopathic effects which need confirmation under field conditions.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.325-328
• /
• 2000

Parthenin was extracted from Parthenium hysterophorus L. leaves growing in northern part of India, and its effect was tested on the seed germination parameters and other related characteristics of Ageratum conyzoides L. weed. Parthenin proved phytotoxic to A. conyzoides as most of the studied parameters were inhibited. It may lead to a possible biological eradication of the A. cpnyzoides weed.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.72-75
• /
• 2018

Balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum) is one of minor crops in Korea. Only four ACCase inhibiting herbicides are registered for P. grandiflorum and the farmers usually use general but unregistered herbicides which can cause critical phytotoxicity. So, this study was conducted to investigate effects of alachlor and pendimethalin on germination and early growth of P. grandiflorum. To evaluate the effect of alachlor and pendimethalin, two herbicides were treated to the seeds in petri-dish and soil. In the petri-dish, alachlor completely inhibited the germination as well as pendimethalin inhibited the germination slightly but not significantly. In case of soil application, alachlor inhibited germination and plant height of P. grandiflorum significantly as well as pendimethalin inhibited plant height and root length significantly. We showed the possibility of phytotoxicity of alachlor and pendimethalin to P. grandiflorum and strongly suggest that two herbicides should not be used to the cultivation of P. grandiflorum. Unregistered herbicides should not be used for weed management and additional researches for screening of safe herbicide to minor crops should be conducted as soon as possible.

• 한국잡초학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.295-303
• /
• 1998

잡초(雜草)의 휴면(休眠)은 불량(不良)한 외부조건(外部條件)에 적응하기 위한 기작으로서 잡초방제(雜草防除)에 있어서 많은 난점을 발생시킨다, 잡초종(雜草種)들의 발아(發芽)와 휴면(休眠) 현상을 특성을 규명하기 위하여 우리나라에 우점(優占)는 잡초(雜草)50여종의 잡초(雜草)에 대하여 화학물질(化學物質)처리와 종자매몰(種子埋沒)을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. $KNO_3$, thiourea, KOH, $H_2O_2$ 등의 화학물질(化學物質)처리는 휴면타파(休眠打破)보다는 비휴면(非休眠) 종자(種子)의 발아촉진(發芽促進)에 효과가 있었다. 2. Pectinase는 강아지풀, 금강아지풀, 방동사니 대가리, 개구리자리 등의 휴면타파(休眠打破)에 효과가 있었다. 3. $GA_3$는 효과는 크지 않았으나 왕바랭이와 개여뀌, 개구리자리의 휴면타파(休眠打破)에 효과가 있었다. 4. 7주(週)이상 토양(土壤)에 매몰(埋沒)되었던 잡초종자(雜草種子)의 발아율(發芽率)은 크게 증가하였으며 변온(變溫)은 발아율(發芽率)에 상승작용(相乘作用)을 일으켰다. 그러나 매몰(埋沒)기간이 지속되면 발아율(發芽率)이 낮아져 이차휴면(二次休眠)에 들어가는 것으로 추정되었다. 특히 마디풀과의 Persicaria속(屬)과 명아주과의 Chenopodium속의 식물은 토양(土壤) 매몰(埋沒)에 의한 휴면(休眠) 타파(打破) 정도가 크게 나타났다.