• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.47-52
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• 2016

Unusual extreme weather events, which exceed a safe design capacity of the infrastructure, increase the frequency of natural disasters and has also been enlarged damage scale. Aging buildings and rapid urban progress act as weighting factors for the new composite disasters. Technological advances support detecting pre-disaster risk, real-time data analysis, and rapid response to the disaster site, but it is insufficient that emergency relief for buried alive must take advantage of the proven technologies through field tests. This study aims to evaluate directional drilling performance through underground soils and the reinforced concrete structure for primary lifeline installation in order to quickly provide relief supplies for buried alive when urban structures collapse.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.684-690
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• 2010

Digitalized Image Information is variously used like to substitute or help human's visual ability. Unmanned observation Camera is useful for the preventing disaster, risk factor and object observation but it is mostly to depend on awareness for human's vision. The purpose of this paper is to show that Unmanned Aerial Camera carries out object recognition and autonomous position tracking. when the informations about a specific object are given. For this purpose, we have to solve complicated problems like change according to object movement and variation of color and brightness information with refraction, interference and scattering of light and noise from environmental factors like weather. But, as the first step we limit the scope of this study with simplified environment in this paper. Our goal is the study and experience about object recognition and tracking via simplified environment with unmanned aerial camera. We obtained successful results of this study and experiment.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.833-838
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• 2010

The Supreme Court in Korea judged the conduct of vessels in narrow channel was applied in order to prevent a ship collision in narrow channel, regardless of kind of a ship or weather situation, as application was not excluded as vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre without other special circumstances such as receiving the right of keep her course and speed from the other vessel, any priority was not guaranteed for vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre in regard to the other vessel following the conduct of vessel in narrow channel. In this judgement, there is concern to cause disorder to interpretation in the rule of narrow channel and responsibility between vessels. Therefore, this study aims to suggest correct interpretation about the rule concerned.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2004

Northern Gyeonggi Province(NGP), consisting of 3 counties, is the northernmost region in South Korea adjacent to the de-militarized zone with North Korea. To supplement insufficient spatial coverage of official climate data and climate atlases based on those data, high-resolution digital climate models(DCM) were prepared to support weather- related activities of residents in NGP Monthly climate data from 51 synoptic stations across both North and South Korea were collected for 1981-2000. A digital elevation model(DEM) for this region with 30m cell spacing was used with the climate data for spatially interpolating daily maximum and minimum temperatures, solar irradiance, and precipitation based on relevant topoclimatological models. For daily minimum temperature, a spatial interpolation scheme accommodating the potential influences of cold air accumulation and the temperature inversion was used. For daily maximum temperature estimation, a spatial interpolation model loaded with the overheating index was used. Daily solar irradiances over sloping surfaces were estimated from nearby synoptic station data weighted by potential relative radiation, which is the hourly sum of relative solar intensity. Precipitation was assumed to increase with the difference between virtual terrain elevation and the DEM multiplied by an observed rate. Validations were carried out by installing an observation network specifically for making comparisons with the spatially estimated temperature pattern. Freezing risk in January was estimated for major fruit tree species based on the DCMs under the recurrence intervals of 10, 30, and 100 years, respectively. Frost risks at bud-burst and blossom of tree flowers were also estimated for the same resolution as the DCMs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.69-79
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• 2013

This study suggests a specific methodology to analyze how emission impacts on regional emission concentrations in accordance with the change of weather conditions, and the need of its application. The suggested methodology was applied to a transportation network of Pochun area in Gyenggido as an example. The methodology contains two types of analytical models; 1) dispersion analysis based on emission from traffic, and 2) dispersion analysis based on the combination between emission from traffic and existing emission in the air. By doing so, it is expected that the comprehensive influence of emission on traffic network and its surrounding areas can be identified. In addition, it might be useful for us to apply environmental risk assessment based on the effect of emission on the people.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.220-237
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• 2001

Over the 20th century global temperature increase has been 0.6$^{\circ}C$. The globally averaged surface temperature is projected to increase by 1.4 to 5.8$^{\circ}C$ over the period 1990 to 2100. Nearly all land areas will have higher maximum temperature and minimum temperature, and fewer cold days and frost days. More intense precipitation events will take plate over many areas. Over most mid-latitude continental interiors will have increased summer continental drying and associated risk of drought. By 2100, if the annual surface temperature increase is 3.5$^{\circ}C$, we will have 15.9$^{\circ}C$ from 12.4$^{\circ}C$ at present. Also the annual precipitation will range 1,118-2,447 mm from 972-1,841 mm at present in Korea. Consequently the average crop periods for summer crops will be 250 days that prolonged 32 days than at present. In the case of gradual increase of global warming, an annual crop can be adapted to the changing climate through the selection of filial generations in breeding process. The perennial crops such as an apple should be shifted the chief producing place to northern or high latitude areas where below 13.5$^{\circ}C$ of the annual surface temperature. If global warming happens suddenly over the threshold atmospheric greenhouse gases, then all ecosystems will have tremendous disturbance. Agricultural land-use plan, which state that farmers decide what to plant, based on their climate-based advantages. Therefore, farmers will mitigate possible negative imparts associated with the climate change. The farmers will have application to use agricultural meteorological information system, and agricultural long-range weather forecast system for their agroecosystems management. The ideal types of crops under $CO_2$ increase and climate change conditions are considered that ecological characteristics need indispensable to accomplish the sustainable agriculture as the diversification of genetic resources from yield-oriented to biomass-oriented characteristics with higher potential of $CO_2$ absorption and primary production. In addition, a heat-and-cold tolerance, a pest resistance, an environmental adaptability, and production stability should be also incorporated collectively into integrated agroecosystem.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 2010

A comprehensive mapping project for agroclimatic zoning in South Korea will end by April 2010, which has required 4 years, a billion won (ca. 0.9 million US dollars) and 22 experts from 7 institutions to complete it. The map database from this project may be categorized into primary, secondary and analytical products. The primary products are called "high definition" digital climate maps (HD-DCMs) and available through the state of the art techniques in geospatial climatology. For example, daily minimum temperature surfaces were prepared by combining the climatic normals (1971-2000 and 1981-2008) of synoptic observations with the simulated thermodynamic nature of cold air by using the raster GIS and microwave temperature profiling which can quantify effects of cold air drainage on local temperature. The spatial resolution of the gridded climate data is 30m for temperature and solar irradiance, and 270m for precipitation. The secondary products are climatic indices produced by statistical analysis of the primary products and includes extremes, sums, and probabilities of climatic events relevant to farming activities at a given grid cell. The analytical products were prepared by driving agronomic models with the HD-DCMs and dates of full bloom, the risk of freezing damage, and the fruit quality are among the examples. Because the spatial resolution of local climate information for agronomic practices exceeds the current weather service scale, HD-DCMs and the value-added products are expected to supplement the insufficient spatial resolution of official climatology. In this lecture, state of the art techniques embedded in the products, how to combine the techniques with the existing geospatial information, and agroclimatic zoning for major crops and fruits in South Korea will be provided.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.152-163
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• 2020

The present study introduces a procedure to prepare and manage a high-resolution rainfall and soil moisture (SM) database in the LAMP prediction system, especially for landslide researchers. The procedure also includes converting the data into spatial resolution suitable for their interest regions following proper map projection methods. The LAMP model precipitation and SM data are quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated to identify the model prediction characteristics using the ERA5 reanalysis precipitation and observed 10m depth SM data. A detailed process of converting LAMP Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) output data for 10m horizontal resolution is described in a step-wise manner, providing technical convenience for users to easily convert NetCDF data from the WRF model into TIF data in ArcGIS. The converted data can be viewed and downloaded via the LAMP website (http://df.ncam.kr/lamp/index.do) of the National Center for AgroMeteorology. The constructed database will contribute to monitoring and prediction of landslide risk prior to landslide response steps and should be data quality controlled by more observation data.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 2013

Occurrence of landslides has been increasing due to extreme weather events(e.g. heavy rainfall, torrential rains) by climate change. Pyeongchang, Korea had seriously been damaged by landslides caused by a typhoon, Ewiniar in 2006. Moreover, the frequency and intensity of landslides are increasing in summer due to torrential rain. Therefore, risk assessment and adaptation measure is urgently needed to build resilience. To support landslide adaptation measures, this study predicted landslides occurrence using MaxEnt model and suggested susceptibility map of landslides. Precipitation data of RCP 8.5 Climate change scenarios were used to analyze an impact of increase in rainfall in the future. In 2050 and 2090, the probability of landslides occurrence was predicted to increase. These were due to an increase in heavy rainfall and cumulative rainfall. As a result of analysis, factors that has major impact on landslide appeared to be climate factors, prediction accuracy of the model was very high(92%). In the future Pyeongchang will have serious rainfall compare to 2006 and more intense landslides area expected to increase. This study will help to establish adaptation measure against landslides due to heavy rainfall.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.160-165
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• 2013

Background: Occupational accidents are unplanned events that cause damage. The socio-economic impacts and human costs of accidents are tremendous around the world. Many fatalities happen every year in workplaces such as electricity distribution companies. Some electrical injuries are electrocution, electric shock, and burns. This study was conducted in an electricity distribution company (with rotational 12-hour shift work) in Iran during an 8-year period to survey descriptive factors of injuries. Methods: Variables collected included accident time, age of injured worker, employment type, work experience, injury cause, educational background, and other information about accidents. Results: Results indicated that most of the accidents occurred in summer, and 51.3% were during shift work. Worker negligence (malpractice) was the cause of 75% of deaths. Type of employment had a significant relationship with type of injuries (p < 0.05). Most injuries were electrical burns. Conclusion: High rate of accidents in summer may be due to the warm weather or insufficient professional skills in seasonal workers. Shift workers are at risk of sleep complaints leading to a high rate of work injuries. Acquiring knowledge about safety was related to job experiences. Temporary workers have no chance to work all year like permanent workers, therefore impressive experiences may be less in them. Because the lack of protective equipment and negligence are main causes of accidents, periodical inspections in workshops are necessary.