• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.470-478
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical, biomechanical, and histologic changes in new distraction osteogenesis(DO) technique combined with a compression stimulation in accordance to different compression-distraction force ratio. 23 adult male rabbits underwent open-osteotomy at the mandibular body area and a external distraction device was applied. In the control group of 8 rabbits, only a 8 mm of distraction was performed by conventional DO technique. In an experimental group of 15 rabbits, a distraction followed by a compression force was performed according to the ratio of compression-distraction suggested by authors. The rate of experimental group I was set up as a 2 mm compression versus 10 mm distraction and the rate of experimental group II was set up as a 3 mm compression versus 11 mm distraction. All the rabbits were sacrificed for a gross finding, biomechanical, histomorphometric and histologic findings at the time of 55 days from the operation day. The results were as follows: 1. On the gross findings, because all rabbits had a sufficient healing time, every distracted new bone had good bone quality and we could not find any difference among all three groups. 2. In the histologic findings, rapid bone maturation(wide lamellar bone formation in the cancellous and cortical bone areas) was observed in two experimental groups compared to the control group. 3. On the bone density tests, the experimental group II showed higher bone density than the other experimental group and control group(control group-$0,2906g/cm^2$, experimental group I-$0.2961g/cm^2$, experimental group II-$0.3328g/cm^2$). 4. On the biomechanical tests, the experimental group II had significantly higher bone microhardness than the other experimental group and control group(control group-252.7 MPa, experimental group I-263.5 MPa, experimental group II-426.0 MPa). 5. On the microhardness tests, when we compared the hardness ratio of distracted bone versus normal bone, we could find experimental group II had significantly higher hardness ratio than the other experimental group and control group(control group-0.47, experimental group I-0.575, experimental group II-0.80). From this study, we could deduce that the modified distraction osteogenesis method with a compression stimulation might improve the quality of bone regeneration and shorten the consolidation period in comparison with conventional distraction osteogenesis techniques.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.359-365
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the production, elver stocking, rearing facilities and rearing method of eel culture to determine aquaculture management conditions for optimal rearing of eel Anguilla japonica. The production of eel culture was evaluated by the proportion of eels from the main inland fin fish species production in Korea. Elver stocking was assessed by the elver stocking densities of pond and recirculation culture. Rearing facilities were investigated according to the rearing tank size proportion of the pond and recirculation culture. We selected sample farms by region and by size. We visited sample farms and recorded the number of elvers stock for pond area, size of tanks, feed and feed quantity, and the size and number of harvest eels. The production capacity of Jeollanam-do and Jeollabuk-do were 71.9% and 21.3% respectively. This production quantity represented 93.2% of the total Korean eel production quantity. In Jeollanam-do, there are 236 eel farms, 202 pond farms, and 34 recirculation aquaculture facilities. The elvers' first density data by each aquaculture method revealed that elvers' first density varied more in recirculation system farms, as compared to pond aquaculture. In intensive pond farms, the elvers' first density decreased as the size of farm increased. There was a correlation between the size of tank(x) and the facility of a water wheel for dissolved oxygen in pond culture systems(y=0.022x-0.494; $R^2$=0.860). Another strong correlation was found between the weight of eel(x) and eel density(y) in pond culture systems(y=283.5x-0.27; $R^2$=0.992). Finally, there was a strong correlation between the length of eel(x) and the weight of eel(y) in intensive pond culture(y=0.0005x-3.2783; $R^2$=0.9775). The final survival rate did not differ significantly among pond sizes and culture types.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제80권1호
• /
• pp.69-76
• /
• 2017

Background: Much of the attention of tuberculosis (TB) programs is focused on outcomes of microbiological cure and mortality, and health related quality of life (HRQL) is undervalued. Also, TB patients have a significantly higher risk of developing depression and anxiety compared with those in the general population. We intend to evaluate the HRQL and the prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety in hospitalized patients with TB. Methods: Cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital in Brazil. Adult patients with pulmonary TB that were hospitalized during the study period were identified and invited to participate. HRQL was measured using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) version 2. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to record symptoms of anxiety and depression. Results: Eighty-six patients were included in the analysis. The mean age of all patients was $44.6{\pm}15.4$ years, 69.8% were male, and 53.5% were white. Thirty-two patients (37.2%) were human immunodeficiency virus positive. Twenty-seven patients (31.4%) met study criteria for depression (HADS depression score ${\geq}11$) and 33 (38.4%) had anxiety (HADS anxiety score ${\geq}11$). Scores on all domains of SF-36 were significantly lower than the Brazilian norm scores (p<0.001). Conclusion: The present study shows that TB patients may have a poor HRQL. Additionally, we found a possible high prevalence of depression and anxiety in this population. Health care workers should be aware of these psychological disorders to enable a better management of these patients. The treatment of these comorbidities may be associated with better TB outcomes.

• 한국버섯학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.80-83
• /
• 2011

꽃송이버섯은 식용버섯으로 다른 식용버섯에 비해 1.3-${\beta}$-D-glucan이 높은 항암 및 면역증강 효과가 있은 버섯이다. 하지만 꽃송이버섯은 초근 한국과 일본에서 버섯을 재배하고 있지만 재배방법은 확립되어있지 않다. 본 연구는 꽃송이버섯에 대한 봉지재배기술 개발을 위해 균사생장 및 원기형성에 대한 조사를 수행하였다. 꽃송이버섯의 액체종균제조하기위해 보리를 당화하여 종균을 제조하였는데 당화는 시간이 경과 할수록 당도가는 증가하는 경향으로 8시간에 $16.3^{\circ}Brix$를 나타냈다. 당화된 액체배지에서의 균사생장조건은 온도 ${\beta}$, pH5.0~6.0 일때 균사생장이 양호하였다. 꽃송이버섯의 봉지재배시 낙엽송톱밥에서 균사배양 및 밀도가 양호하였다. 낙엽송톱밥, 밀가루, 옥수수가루를 7:1:2(부피비)의 혼합배지에서 균사생육이 48.5mm/45일로 비교적 빠른 생장속도를 보였고 자실체의 수량은 68.1g/500g를 생산하였다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.167-185
• /
• 2006

소프트웨어 시스템의 상위 수준 모델인 소프트웨어 아키텍쳐는 아키텍쳐 기술 언어(ADL)를 사용하여 표현된다. 하지만 ACME와 같은 대부분의 ADL들은 별도의 표기형식으로 배워야 하는 부담이 있기 때문에 아키텍쳐를 명세하는 언어로서 정착되지 못하였다. 반면 VML은 범용 모델링 언어로써 소프트웨어 개발의 전 과정에 일관된 표기형식과 폭넓은 지원도구들을 제공하고 있으므로 소프트웨어 개발을 위한 사실상의 표준 언어로 자리잡았다. 그러나 UML은 소프트웨어 아키텍쳐를 표현하도록 설계된 것은 아니기 때문에 UML을 사용하여 아키텍쳐를 표현하기 위해서는 UML을 확장, 변경하여야 한다. 지금까지 아키텍쳐 모델링에 UML을 이용하기 위한 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 하지만 지금까지의 이러한 연구의 대부분은 아키텍쳐의 핵심 개념들의 표현이 미흡했던 UML1.x에 기반하고 있으며 곧 발표될 UML2.0에서는 이전 버전에서 미흡했던 아키텍쳐 모델링에 유용한 개념들이 많이 추가되었다. 본 논문에서는 UML2.0에 기반한 아키텍쳐 모델링 언어를 정의하였다. UML2.0을 확장하여 Generic ADL을 정의하였으며 정의된 아키텍쳐 모델링 언어는 식당 예약 시스템을 모델링 하는데 사용되었다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
• /
• 제51권1호
• /
• pp.20-29
• /
• 2013

세계 각국은 유전자원의 확보 및 고부가 산업화 자원으로 이용하기 위해 경쟁하고 있다. 현재 잠상 유전자원에 대한 가치와 활용도를 높이기 위해 형태적, 유전적 특성을 분석평가하여 데이터베이스를 구축 중에 있으며, 기능성 성분이나 효능에 대한 소비자들의 관심이 높아짐에 따라 기초정보 외에 이들의 항목에 대한 정보를 추가할 필요성이 제기되었다. 따라서 우리나라 620계통(품종)의 뽕나무 유전자원 중 재배환경 및 재배법이 동일한 363계통의 춘기 5개엽기 뽕잎을 채취한 후 동결건조 및 분말로 제조하여 뽕나무 유전자원의 계통별 1-DNJ 함량을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 뽕나무 유전자원 363계통의 1-DNJ 평균함량은 $0.176{\pm}0.077%$이었으며, 변이계수(CV)는 43.5%로서 계통간 변이가 매우 심한 것으로 나타났다. 이 중 'C1D89/29'은 0.47%로서 가장 높았으며, '품보24', '터키 E'은 각각 0.05%로 가장 낮은 함량을 나타냈다. 뽕나무 유전자원 중 누에사육용 16품종의 1-DNJ 함량을 비교하였다. 평균 함량은 $0.17{\pm}0.04%$이었으며, 변이계수(CV)는 22.8%로서 계통간 변이가 크지 않았다. 한편 뽕나무 유전자원 중 1-DNJ 고함유 계통을 선발하였다. 'C1D89/29', '희학', '적아십문자', '권칠', '보통십문자', '적축', '불국상', '근소옥고조', '부상금', '국상20호' 및 '태광' 11계통으로서 전체 평균 함량의 2배 이상 되는 계통들이다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.600-608
• /
• 2001

Accidents are the fourth-leading causal factor of death among the elderly, and fall is a major type of accident (53.17%). Many cases of falls in the elderly result in delayed discovery and loss of quality of life. As the number of the elderly grows, falls will be a more important health problem. Most previous research on falls investigated prevalence. mortality, and the related factors. There are many studies proving the effect of rhythmic movements. But few researches considered linking risk factors of fall with rhythmic movements. Purpose: We want to show the changes after performing rhythmic movement program, in risk factors of falls and mobility such as flexibility, balance, muscle power and persistency in the elderly, in order to provide basic information needed for the development of fall injury prevention program for the elderly. Method: The design of this study is quasi-experimental, the equivalent control group, pretest-posttest. The subjects consist of 124 people who lived in Do-Bong-Qu. Seoul, agreed to participate in this study, and were able to follow this rhythmic movement program. About 93 % of them are from 65 to 84 years (Mean${\pm}$sd: $73.7{\pm}5.7$): 64% are female. The rhythmic movement program was designed. and performed by two community health nurses working in the Do-Bong-Gu Public Health Center, regularly twice a week from May, 4 to December, 17. in 10 senior citizens' community centers. Risk factors of fall were measured with RAFS- II (Risk Assessment for Falls Scale II) by asking about each item: mobility was measured by observing their specific movements asked by investigators. Results: 1. After performing the program during 7 months, risk factors score of falls were decreased significantly (paired-t = 4.77. p<0.01). 2. After performing the program during 7 months, flexibility (paired-t = 2.26. p=0.03) and mobility were improved (paired-t = 4.98. p<0.01). but muscle power and persistency did not change (paired-t = 0.33. p=0.74). Overall, mobility affecting the occurrence of falls was improved significantly (paired-t = 5.15. p<0.01). Conclusions: A regular rhythmic movement program can be helpful in preventing falls in the elderly. Further. we can develop a fall injury prevention program using rhythmic movement.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.260-264
• /
• 2016

We report on highly efficient blue, orange, and white phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes consisting only two organic layers. Hole transporting 4, 4,' 4"-tris (N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TcTa) and electron transporting 2-(diphenylphosphoryl) spirofluorene (SPPO1) are used as an emitting host for orange light-emitting bis(3-benzothiazol-2-yl-9-ethyl-9H-carbazolato) (acetoacetonate) iridium ((btc)2(acac)Ir) and blue light-emitting iridium(III)bis(4,6-difluorophenyl-pyridinato-N,C2') picolinate (FIrpic) dopant, respectively. Combining these two orange and blue light-emitting layers, we successfully demonstrate highly efficient white PHOLEDs while maintaining Commission internationale de l'eclairage coordinates of (x = 0.373, y = 0.443). Accordingly, we achieve a maximum external quantum, current, and power efficiencies of 12.9%, 30.3 cd/A, and 30.0 lm/W without out-coupling enhancement.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.51.1-51.1
• /
• 2011

Red dusty Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) are suspected to mid-stage between ULIRG and AGN phase. As well as, red AGNs are suspected that they have more than 50% of whole AGN population. In order to understand the character of red AGNs, Black Hole (BH) mass of red AGN is a key property and can not measured by existing method such as reverberation mapping and single epoch method. Thus we still don't know their character and properties in clearly. To estimate properties of red AGNs without the effect of dust-obscuration, we have obtained Near InfraRed (NIR) spectra of 31 reverberation mapped AGNs and 49 Palomar-Green(PG) Quasi-Stellar Object (QSO) by using the infrared camera (IRC) for AKARI with unique wavelength range $2.5-5.0{\mu}m$. From this spectra, we measured the FWHM and luminosity of brackett ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ at 4.0, 2.6 micron meter for deriving new BH mass estimators based on the properties of Brackett line emission.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.196-201
• /
• 2015

2009년부터 2013년까지 경기지역 농산물도매시장으로 유입된 채소류에 대해 농약 잔류량을 조사한 결과 허용기준초과 빈도가 높은 5개 품목은 엽채류 중 쑥갓 48건(5.8%), 근대 28건(5.1%), 시금치 28건(3.4%), 깻잎 25건(3.4%), 참나물 24건(3.7%) 순으로 나타났다. 쑥갓과 근대는 6~9월에 높게 나타났고 시금치는 10~11월과 12~1월에 높게 나타났다. 깻잎은 7~8월 사이와 1월에 높게 나타났으며 참나물은 8~9월에 허용기준초과율이 높게 나타났다. 월별 단가와 잔류농약 검출률 간의 상간관계를 분석하고자 Pearson's correlation을 수행한 결과 참나물, 시금치, 깻잎의 경우 양의 관계(Pearson r = 0.337, 0.316, 0.297)를 나타내어 통계학적으로 유의적 차이를 나타내었다. 품목별 월별 단가와 잔류농약 허용기준초과률율 간의 상호관계를 분석하고자 Pearson's correlation을 수행한 결과 참나물, 쑥갓은 양의 관계(Pearson r = 0.259, 0.256)를 나타내어 통계학적으로 유의적 차이를 보였다(p < 0.05). 5종의 엽채류 중 참나물, 시금치, 깻잎, 쑥갓에서 월별 단가와 잔류농약 검출률 또는 허용기준초과율 중 한 가지 이상에서 상관관계를 나타내었다. 향후 월별 단가와 농약 잔류에 대한 전국단위의 연구조사가 필요할 것으로 판단되며 잔류농약 허용기준초과 빈도를 저감화하기 위해서는 각각 농산물에 대한 농약 안전사용기준 준수와 수확 전 농약 사용 금지 기간을 준수하여야 할 것으로 판단되었다.