• 상하수도학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.363-373
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• 2023

Numerous studies have established a correlation between sociodemographic characteristics and water usage, identifying population as a primary independent variable in mid- to long-term demand forecasting. Recent dramatic sociodemographic changes, including urban concentration-rural depopulation, low birth rates-aging population, and the rise in single-person households, are expected to impact water demand and supply patterns. This underscores the necessity for operational and managerial changes in existing water supply systems. While sociodemographic characteristics are regularly surveyed, the conducted surveys use aggregate units that do not align with the actual system. Consequently, many water demand forecasts have been conducted at the administrative district level without adequately considering the water supply system. This study presents an upward water demand forecasting model that accurately reflects real water facilities and consumers. The model comprises three key steps. Firstly, Statistics Korea's SGIS (Statistical Geological Information System) data was reorganized at the DMA level. Secondly, DMAs were classified using the SOM (Self-Organizing Map) algorithm to consider differences in water facilities and consumer characteristics. Lastly, water demand forecasting employed the PCR (Principal Component Regression) method to address multicollinearity and overfitting issues. The performance evaluation of this model was conducted for DMAs classified as rural areas due to the insufficient number of DMAs. The estimation results indicate that the correlation coefficients exceeded 0.9, and the MAPE remained within approximately 10% for the test dataset. This method is expected to be useful for reorganization plans, such as the expansion and contraction of existing facilities.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.277-287
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• 2024

상수도 관망은 운영 중 다양한 수질 사고 발생 위험요소에 노출되어 있다. 본 연구는 다양한 수질 사고 위험요소 중 상수도 관망 내로의 바이러스 유입에 따른 위험도 평가 방법론을 제시하고, 이를 활용하여 위험도를 최소화할 수 있는 재염소 시설의 위치와 운영에 대한 검토를 수행하였다. 위험도 평가를 위해 QMRA (Quantitative Microbial Risk assessment)를 적용하였으며, 염소 농도에 따른 Water Quality Resilience를 정의하여 바이러스가 유입되지 않은 정상 운영 상황과 바이러스가 유입된 비정상 상황에서 염소 농도가 목표 범위(0.1-1.0 mg/L)내 운영되는지 여부를 정량적으로 확인하였다. 본 연구에서는 바이러스와 염소간의 반응을 고려해야 하기에, 다양한 수질인자를 고려할 수 있는 EPANET-MSX를 활용하여 수리 및 수질 분석을 수행하였다. 제안한 방법론은 미국의 Bellingham의 관망에 적용하였으며, 재염소 시설의 경우 0.5 mg/L부터 1.0 mg/L까지 주입 가능한 것으로 하였다. 적용 결과 재염소 시설이 없는 경우 Average risk가 0.0154이었으며, 재염소 시설 설치 후 1.0 mg/L의 농도로 주입 시 39.1%의 Average risk를 저감할 수 있었다. 다만, 재염소 시설을 통한 과도한 염소 주입은 Water Quality Resilience를 저감하여, 최종적으로 0.5 mg/L의 재염소 시설을 선정하였으며, 이를 활용하여 20% 가량의 Average risk 저감이 가능함을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 향후 잠재적 바이러스 유입에 대비한 재염소 시설의 설계에 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 1999

도시 기반 시설중 하나인 상하수도는 도시 규모의 확대와 인구의 증가, 그리고 시설의 노후화로 인한 기존 관리 방법에 많은 한계가 나타나고 있는 실정이다 또한 최근에는 하수에 의한 지하수의 오염과 수도관 파손 등에 의한 사고시 신속한 대응능력의 부족으로 행정적인 문제가 빈번히 발생하고 있는 현실이 GIS에 의한 시설물관리의 필요성이 절실히 요구되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점을 감안하여 시설물관리 방법으로 GIS기법을 이용하여 체계적이고 합리적인 시설물 유지관리가 가능할 수 있는 계기를 마련하고자 한다. 끝으로 상하수도 시설물관리에 GIS기법을 활용하므로써 합리적이고 체계적인 시설물관리가 가능함을 제시하고 시설물관리의 응용방안을 제시하여 실무자의 업무 효율을 극대화하므로써 본 연구의 목적을 달성하고자 한다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제86권1호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2023

Any place where exercise is common, such as a club, sports hall, or school, is considered a place for teaching sports. When doing sports, a very safe environment for sports should be chosen. The athlete should consider the safety of sports facilities and equipment, and if there is a defect, he should refrain from exercising in these places. The safety of sports facilities is very effective in creating people's sports activities, with the benefits of staying away from physical harm, enjoying sports, and having mental peace. Everyone has the right to participate in sports and recreation and to ensure that they enjoy a safe environment. The ability to manage and solve issues that may arise plays the most critical role in creating a safe environment. The quality of construction materials used for the construction of sports facilities is of great importance. In this work, the resistance and water repellency of concrete constituents for the construction of sports buildings have been investigated by nanoscience. Nano-concrete material solves the main problem of concrete surfaces, i.e., the entry of water and humidity into the structure. It also gives it a self-cleaning ability with its water repellency. Nanoparticles are placed between pores and cover the cracks, which causes roughness in the surface structure of concrete. The high roughness of the surface of the coated concrete caused its super-hydrophobicity. In hydrophobic surfaces, the higher the contact angle, the more hydrophobic the surface will be. In order to investigate the hydrophobic properties, silica nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles, and fly ash were prepared on concrete, and their properties were analyzed.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제62권6호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2020

Reservoir storage and water level information is essential for accurate drought monitoring and prediction. In particular, the agricultural drought has increased the risk of agricultural water shortages due to regional bias in reservoirs and water supply facilities, which are major water supply facilities for agricultural water. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the available water capacity of the reservoir, and it is necessary to determine the water surface area and water capacity. Remote sensing provides images of temporal water storage and level variations, and a combination of both measurement techniques can indicate a change in water volume. In areas of ungauged water volume, satellite remote sensing image acts as a powerful tool to measure changes in surface water level. The purpose of this study is to estimate of reservoir storage and level variations using satellite remote sensing image combined with hydrological statistical data and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). Water surface areas were estimated using the Sentinel-2 satellite images in Seosan, Chungcheongnam-do from 2016 to 2018. The remote sensing-based reservoir storage estimation algorithm from this study is general and transferable to applications for lakes and reservoirs. The data set can be used for improving the representation of water resources management for incorporating lakes into weather forecasting models and climate models, and hydrologic processes.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제101권2호
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• pp.251-258
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• 2012

2009년부터 2011년까지 3년간 국유림내 사방시설 점검대상지에 대하여 현장점검을 실시하고 그 결과를 분석하였다. 대상지는 총 1,628개소로 사방댐 308개소, 사방지 1,320개소(1,269.05 ha)였으며, 현장조사는 연도별로 3~6월 사이에 실시하였다. 점검대상 사방댐은 1991년~2005년에 시공되었으며 96.4%인 297개소가 2000년 이후에 시공된 것으로 나타났고, 사방지는 1986~2005년에 시공되었으며, 68.6%인 903개소가 2000년 이후에 시공된 것으로 나타났다. 사방댐은 콘크리트댐과 콘크리트전석댐이 각각 205개소와 68개소로 많았으며, 총 308개소의 사방댐 중 296개소가 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 사방지에는 돌쌓기와 돌망태를 이용한 사방구조물이 많이 시설되어 있었으며, 총 1,320개소 중 1,245개소(94.3%)가 양호하였다. 전체적으로 국유림내 사방시설은 양호한 상태를 나타내어 그 기능을 충분히 발휘하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 사방시설 중 불량한 상태인 것으로 나타난 경우 반드시 보완 보수를 통해 사방사업의 목적이 달성될 수 있도록 해야 할 것이다. 또한 기존 사방시설과 향후 사방사업으로 시공되는 사방시설의 체계적인 유지 및 관리를 위해서는 사방시설 관리 시스템의 구축이 시급하다.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.313-322
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• 1998

The distributions of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and suspended solid (SS) in Ulsan Bay were simulated and reproduced by a numerical ecosystem model for the practical application to the management of marine water quality and the prediction of water quality change due to coastal developments or the constructions of breakwater and marine facilities. Comparing the computed with the observed data of COD and SS in Ulsan bay the results of simulation were found to be good enough to satisfy the practical applications.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2019

Urbanization has led to extreme changes in land use on urban watersheds. Most cities are becoming residential, commercial and industrial areas, making infiltration and storage of rainfall less favorable. The demand for LID (Low Impact Development) technology is increasing in order to mitigate this water cycle distortion and return to existing hydrological conditions. The LID technique is effective in reducing runoff by permeating the urban impervious area. However, considering the limit of the installation area and the financial requirement of the installation, there is not much research on the linkage of each LID component technology for optimum efficiency according to the appropriate scale. In this study, the effects of the LID facilities applied to the target site were simulated using the SWMM model, suggesting the optimal linkage method considering interconnectivity, and applying the effects as an existing installation of individual facilities. The water balance at the time of application of the LID technology, short-term and long-term rainfall event were compared. Also, the individual application and the linkage application were compared with each other. If each component technology has sufficient processing size, then linkage application is more effective than individual application.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2005년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1199-1203
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• 2005

Combined sewer overflows(CSOs) are themselves a significant source of water pollution. Therefore, the control of urban drainage for CSOs reduction and receiving water quality protection is needed. Examples in combined sewer systems include downstream storage facilities that detain runoff during periods of high flow and allow the detained water to be conveyed by an interceptor sewer to a centralized treatment plant during periods of low flow. The design of such facilities as stormwater detention storage is highly dependant on the temporal variability of storage capacity available(which is influenced by the duration of interevent dry periods) as well as the infiltration capacity of soil and recovery of depression storage. As a result, a contiunous approach is required to adequately size such facilities. This study for the continuous long-term analysis of urban dranage system used analytical Probabilistic model based on derived probability distribution theory. As an alternative to the modeling of urban drainage system for planning or screening level analysis of runoff control alternatives, this model have evolved that offer much ease and flexibility in terms of computation while considering long-term meteorology. This study presented rainfall and runoff characteristics or the subject area using analytical Probabilistic model. Runoff characteristics manifasted the unique characteristics of the subject area with the infiltration capacity of soil and recovery of depression storage and was examined appropriately by sensitivity analysis. This study presented the average annual COSs and number of COSs when the interceptor capacity is in the range 3xDWF(dry weather flow). Also, calculated the average annual mass of pollutant lost in CSOs using Event Mean Concentration. Finally, this study presented a dicision of storage volume for CSOs reduction and water quality protection.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.591-597
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• 2013

The input emergy of an advanced treatment plant for reducing the 1 kg of TN and TP was estimated 4.14E+14 sej/kg, 5.02E+15 sej/kg, respectively. In addition, the input emergy of constructed wetland for reduction of the 1 kg of TN and TP reduction was estimated to be 2.48E+14 sej/kg, 3.38E+15 sej/kg, respectively. The cost reducing 1 kg of TN and TP for an advanced treatment plant was estimated 197,466 won and 2,388,739 won respectively and constructed wetland was estimated 117,976 won and 1,609,213 won respectively. As a result, All of the emergy source of constructed wetland for reducing non-point source is renewable resource. If we use the constructed wetland, it results in enhancing economic value by reducing of non-point pollution, controlling a flood and providing the habitat of animals or plants. Improving water quality program in the Nakdong River Basin should be changed into an ecological treatment facilities from expansion of the sewage treatment facilities and advanced treatment plant using high cost and non-renewable energies.