• Clean Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.193-203
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• 2008

A surfactant is used to assist the effect of cleaning, dispersibility and adhesion during leather manufacturing process. Existing surfactant for that process includes many hydrophilic groups that may cause problem such as stain, bad water resistance and poor durability, etc. It is potential problem to make high-performance property for future leather market. In this study, we have synthesized the fluorinated surfactant of which property decreases surface tension, increases dispersion, cleaning effect and the better chrome absorption by the high bond energy of C-F to complement weakness that the present alkyl derivative surfactants have. Using fluorinated surfactant, we can confirm that dispersion is increased, chrome absorption ratio is augmented with high osmosis and coherence, chrome content in the tanning waste water is reduced, BOD and COD contents are diminished and physical characteristics are improved.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.425-425
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• 1995

The interaction and detergency between liquid oily soil and surfactant solution were studied by the mechanism of formation of liquid crestal(LC). Samples used were triolein as a triglyceride, oleic acid as a free fatty acid and sodium dodgily sulfate (SDS) as a surfactant. The results were as follows: In the phase diagram of SDS/oil/Water system, the area of liquid crystalline phase region were in the order of SDS/trillion/water< SDS/oleic acid/water< SDS/mixture of trillion and oleic acid/water. In the system of oleic acid alone or mixture of trillion and oleic acid contacted with SDS solution, the LC phase was formed right after or after some time with SDS concentration. But in a case of trillion alone, the LC phase was not formed although the concentration of the SDS solution was relatively high. The detergency of model oily soils were seldom changed with temperature, and the detergency of oleic acid was very high compared to that of the trillion. The detergency of mixed soil was improved with the increase of the ratio of oleic acid in the mixture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.426-433
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• 1995

The interaction and detergency between liquid oily soil and surfactant solution were studied by the mechanism of formation of liquid crestal(LC). Samples used were triolein as a triglyceride, oleic acid as a free fatty acid and sodium dodgily sulfate (SDS) as a surfactant. The results were as follows: In the phase diagram of SDS/oil/Water system, the area of liquid crystalline phase region were in the order of SDS/trillion/water< SDS/oleic acid/water< SDS/mixture of trillion and oleic acid/water. In the system of oleic acid alone or mixture of trillion and oleic acid contacted with SDS solution, the LC phase was formed right after or after some time with SDS concentration. But in a case of trillion alone, the LC phase was not formed although the concentration of the SDS solution was relatively high. The detergency of model oily soils were seldom changed with temperature, and the detergency of oleic acid was very high compared to that of the trillion. The detergency of mixed soil was improved with the increase of the ratio of oleic acid in the mixture.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.8
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• pp.441-448
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• 2017

A method for measuring the concentration of surfactant in water was developed. In this technique, microbubbles were used as light scatterers. The polarization change of light scattered by microbubbles was analyzed by Mueller matrix analysis. $M_{11}$, one of the Mueller matrix elements, was found to be a key parameter inferring the surfactant concentration within the concentration range of 0 ppm to 60 ppm. The best results for this measurement were obtained when the scattering angle was $150^{\circ}$ and the extinction ratio was 56.2. This experimental result shows that the EPLS can be effectively used as a real time inspection method for water quality monitoring in lakes or rivers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.161-161
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• 1999

In the field of material science, the interests and efforts to modify the surface of materials in agreement with the need of usage have been extensively increasing. he modification to improve the wettability of surface is very important is terms of adhesion, printing, etc. It is very difficult to modify metal surface into hydrophilic one. therefore, surfactant coating has been generally used in many cases. However, surfactant has disadvantages such as environmental problem, soluble in water. in this study, hydrophilic polymer films as alternative of surfactant were deposited on metal substrate by DC plasma polymerization. Hydrophilic polymer films deposited by DC plasma show many merits such as good wettability, stone adhesion to substrate, high resistance to most chemicals. Monomer gas and reactive gas were used as source plasma polymerization. Plasma polymerized films were fabricated with process parameters of deposition time, ratio of gas mixture, current, pressure, etc. Effects of these variables on wettability of plasma polymer films will be discussed. With XPS and FT-IR analyses of plasma polymeric films, the relation between wettability and chemical state of polymer films by DC plasma was investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.203-209
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• 2014

Candelilla wax-in-water nanoemulsions stabilized by Span 80/Tween 80 were prepared by the phase inversion composition (PIC) method. Stable nanoemulsions with droplet diameters below 50 nm could be formed when the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) values were between 13.5 and 14.5, surfactant concentration was 5.0 wt%, and the surfactant-wax ratio was 1:1. Increased emulsification temperature and cooling rate were found to improve the emulsion properties. Process of PIC (adding aqueous phase to the wax phase) produced smaller droplet size nanoemulsion compared to the process of adding wax phase to the aqueous phase. The stability of these nanoemulsions was assessed by following the change in droplet diameters with time of storage at room temperature (${\sim}25^{\circ}C$). The size remained constant during 2 months storage time.

• Clean Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.481-486
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• 2013

Alkali-surfactant-polymer (ASP) solution was manufactured by using the domestic surfactants for enhanced oil recovery. Domestic surfactants such as linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid (LAS) and dioctyl sulfosiuccinate (DOSS) were used. This surfactants were purchased from AK chemtech Co., Ltd. (Korea). LAS and DOSS were blended and the ratio of LAS to DOSS are 1:1 and 2:1. Decane was used as a model compound of the crude oil. Surfactant solution and decane were blended to analyze microemulsion. Brine-oil-surfactant are mixed at varying concentration of brine from 0.8 to 3.6 wt.%. Increasing salinity causes the phase transition of microemulsion from water to middle to oil. Also, by measuring the surface tension and interfacial tension using pendent drop tensiometer and Huh's equation optimal ratio of the ASP solution was determined.

• Clean Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.61-72
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• 2004

In this study, aqueous/semi-aqueous cleaning agents which consist of organic solvent, surfactant, cosurfactant, and water were developed by changing formulation parameters such as organic solvent type and contents, surfactant type and contents, and cosurfactant/surfactant(A/S) ratio, etc.. And physical properties and flux removal of the formulated cleaning agents have been evaluated. Also, the performance of oil-water separation from the rinse water contaminated during the cleaning process was evaluated for its recycling. The formulated cleaning agents in this work expected to have good penetration because of their low viscosity and low surface tension values of 30.2~32.5 dyne/cm. The flux removal with the terpene type cleaning agent was higher than that with hydrocarbon type cleaning agent and two commercial products (CPA(commercial product A), CPB(commercial product B)). And the performance of oil-water separation by gravity settling from the rinse water contaminated with formulated cleaning agent and soils was shown to be very good. The cleaning agents developed in this work were applied to surface mounting technology(SMT) cleaning process for manufacturing electronic parts at L electronic company. As a result, the newly developed cleaning agents showed two times better cleaning speed for removal of solder cream than the conventional ond containing ethanol and IPA(isopropyl alcohol). In addition, malodor and VOC problems generated by the previous organic cleaning agents have been solved in the manufacturing field through introduction of the non-volatile and environmental-friendly cleaning agents to the field.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.459-467
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• 1989

When the sufactants are dissolved in water, they associate to form micelles and solubilize oil inside the micelle to form swollen micelles. Although spherical aggregates like micelles and swollen micelles occupy the same regions in the phase diagram of water-oil-surfactant systems, they are treated in different viewpoint for the formation of such aggregates. Hence a unified thermodynamic formalism for the formation of such structure is presented in this study. In all cases, the to ideal solution theory is applied for dilute system and the energy of formation is expressed as the sum of hydrophobic interaction energy and surface energy due to surfactant film. From the model, critical micelle concentration (CMC), average aggregation number, and solubilization ratio are predicted and compared with the known experimental observation.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2009

By Laser Through-Silicon-Via process, debris and particles occur when you are forming. Therefore the research of TSV cleaning become important to remove those particles and debris. Both chemical cleaning method that uses a surfactant and physical cleaning method that uses a brush were studied with the via of $30{\mu}m$ diameter and $100{\mu}m$ depth on the 8 inch CMOS Image Sensor wafer. On the DI water and a surfactant in mixture ratio of 2:1, debris show $73{\mu}m^2$ per $0.054mm^2$. Cleaning is superior by lower mixture ratio of DI water and surfactant. In addition, It is less than 5% of debris distribution in the laser condition changed by Laser's frequency and its speed and cleaning had no effect. In the physical cleaning, there are no crack and damage when the system condition is set by $1000{\sim}3000rpm$ strip, $50{\sim}3000rpm$ rinsing, and $200{\sim}300rpm$ brushing Therefore, debris and particles can be removed by enforced chemical method and physical method.