• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.743-748
• /
• 2014

In this work, we describe a very simple electroless deposition method to prepare moderate-SERS-active nanostructured Pd films deposited on the glass substrates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the one-pot electroless method to deposit Pd nanostructures on the glass substrates. This method only requires the incubation of negatively charged glass substrates in ethanol-water mixture solutions of $Pd(NO_3)_2$ and butylamine at elevated temperatures. Pd films are then formed exclusively and evenly on glass substrates. Due to the aggregated structures of Pd, the SERS spectra of benzenethiol and organic isonitrile could be clearly identified using the Pd-coated glass as a SERS substrate. This one-step fabrication method of Pd thin film on glass is cost-effective and suitable for the mass production.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.1052-1055
• /
• 2001

In micro-drilling of brittle materials including glass, cracks occur at the exit surface. In drilling glass, the main type of crack is cone crack. Cone crack is generated by thrust force acting at the bottom surface of the workpiece. Cone crack size could be reduced by changing cutting conditions, but cone crack still existed. Two methods were proposed to prevent crack formation and perfect hole shapes were obtained. One method is attaching two glass plates with water and the other method is constraining two glass plates. The proposed methods eliminated tensile stress acting on the exit surface of glass and prevented crack propagation.

• Composite Materials and Engineering
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.167-178
• /
• 2021

In the present paper, the destructive behavior of distilled water, salty water, sulfuric acid, and heat on glass/vinyl ester composites was investigated by experimental methods. Hetron 922 vinyl ester resin and two types of mat and woven glass fibers as the reinforcements were used to fabricate composite test samples. All samples were immersed in distilled water, salty water, and sulfuric acid with three different concentrations. The tests were performed at 20℃ and 70℃ for the exposure duration of 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks. Bending tests were performed after aging for all composite samples to check the degradation of the bending modulus and strength. The results show that the effect of distilled water, in comparison with salty water, on the degradation of composite samples was significant. On the other hand, almost non-sensitivity of concentrations of salty water on the weight gain of specimens has been observed. In addition, it was also observed that the degradation of samples at 70℃ temperature is much more than that of at 20℃. Also, it was observed that the flexural modulus of virgin specimens exposed to salty water (2% concentration) has been recovered just after two weeks of immersion. Furthermore, in some cases, composite samples under the sulfuric acid solution have lost almost 80% of their mechanical properties.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제35권11호
• /
• pp.781-784
• /
• 2013

하수슬러지의 해양투기가 금지됨에 따라 하수슬러지의 적정처리에 대한 요구가 커지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 하수슬러지와 폐유리를 이용하여 경량벽돌을 제조하고자 하였다. 건축자재인 벽돌은 통상 $1,200^{\circ}C$ 이상의 고온에서 제조되기 때문에 벽돌 제조시 다량의 에너지가 소비된다. 본 연구에서는 하수슬러지와 폐유리를 이용하여 경량벽돌 제조시 $CO_2$ 배출량을 줄이기 위해 $800^{\circ}C$ 이하의 낮은 온도에서 지오폴리머 기술을 이용하여 벽돌을 제조하였다. 경량벽돌 제조시 소성온도, 하수슬러지와 폐유리 및 물유리와 물의 혼합비 등이 주요 영향 인자이며, 이들의 변화에 따른 경량벽돌의 특성을 평가하였다. 본 연구결과에 따르면 경량벽돌의 최적 제조조건은 소성온도 $750^{\circ}C$, 물유리/물 혼합비 1.5, 하수슬러지/폐유리 비 10 : 90 wt%였다. 이때 제조한 경량벽돌의 압축강도 5.1 MPa, 비중 0.46으로 발포세라믹 경량벽돌 기준을 만족시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• 암석학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.337-348
• /
• 2009

전남 해남의 순신 천열수 금광상을 배태하고 있는 응회질암층은 규화변질작용과 견운모 변질작용을 받았으나 석영반정에는 포획될 당시의 조성이 보존되어 있는 투명하고 균질한 유리포유물이 산출되고 있다. 유리포유물의 크기는 $5-200\;{\mu}m$이며 유리(60~80 vol%) + 기포(15~30 vol%) $\pm$ 딸결정(<10 vol%)으로 구성되어 있다. 일정한 정육각형의 고온석영 결정형의 유리포유물은 석영 반정의 가장자리에 산출되는 경향이 있으며 모두 초생포유물이다. 유리포유물은 석영반정이 성장하고 있던 마지막 단계의 액상선 성분을 나타내는 것으로 매우 분화된 K 성분이 높은 칼크-알칼리계열에 속하는 유문암질암이다. 이 액상선의 멜트내의 $Au_2O_3$ 함량은 매우 미비하여(<0.30 wt%) Au 성분은 잔류용융체에 부화되지 않았음을 나타내고 있다. 유리포유물이 나타내는 조직적 특성은 마그마가 지표에 분출되기 전에 이미 2-4 wt%의 물에 포화되었음을 지시하며, 고온 석영형으로 산출되는 유리포유물의 모습은 모결정인 석영이 $\beta$-석영 안정영역에서 결정화작용이 끝났음을 의미한다. 유리포유물에 용해되어 있는 2-4 wt%의 물에 포화된 마그마의 포화압력은 약 300-900 bar를 나타낸다. 이는 해남의 화산암을 형성한 마그마는 적어도 지하 0.8-2.5 km의 깊이의 마그마 챔버에서 분출한 것으로 계산된다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.60-73
• /
• 1991

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of etching time, environmental temperature and humidity on the adhesion of composite resin to glass-ionomer cement. Two chemical cure composite resins (Clearfil F II and Microrest AP) and two glass-ionomer cements (Fuji ionomer Type I and KET AC-CEM) were used as the experimental materials. The experiment is performed in 3 stages: The first stage is to bond composite resins to glass-ionomer cements, and the surface was not etched, and etched for 20 seconds, 40 seconds, and 60 seconds. Then specimens are stored in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours to measure tensile strength. The second stage is to choose the one group that had the highest tensile strength from the first stage and prepare two experimental groups: One group with composite resin bonded to glass-ionomer cement without etching and bonding agent application and the other with composite resin bonded to glass-ionomer cement with etching but without any bonding agent application. The specimens are stored in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours and tensile strength is measured. The third stage is to choose group that had the highest tensile strength from the first stage experiment, and bond composite resin to glass-ionomer cement at $24^{\circ}C$ 44%, $30^{\circ}C$ 44%, $30^{\circ}C$ 80%, and $32^{\circ}C$ 92%. The storage time of specimens is to bond immediately after storage, then changed to 30 sec., 60 sec., and 120 sec.. Specimens are stored in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours and their tensile strength are measured again. The following results were obtained: 1. As the etching time increases, the tensile bond strength between glass-ionomer cement and composite resin increase, and the tensile bond strength is the highest when acid etched for 60 minutes (P < 0.05). 2. After acid etching for 60 minutes, the tensile strength of the group with bonding agent was stronger than that without bonding agent application (P < 0.05). 3. The tensile strength of Clearfil F II was stronger than that of Microrest AP. 4. It was observed that the tensile bond strength is not affected by different storage time with different temperature and humidity. 5. As the humidity was increased, the tensile bond strength between glass-ionomer cement and composite resin decreased (P < 0.05).

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.219-223
• /
• 2012

The fixed solid catalysts such as glass bead, steel mesh, and $TiO_2$ coated ceramic bead were used to investigate effect of radical production at different frequencies. The radical production rate at 300 kHz was faster than that at 35 kHz without solid, but the tendency was changed with the presence of glass bead. The presence of glass beads create non-continuous points between the solid and liquid phases leading to increased formation of cavitation bubbles. However, the radical production decreased when steel mesh was used at 35 kHz although the surface area of contact with liquid was same when glass bead was used. Hence the solid catalyst did not always enhance the radical production. The radical production using $TiO_2$ coated ceramic bead was dramatically increased at 35 kHz due to the breakage of $TiO_2$ coated ceramic bead. Therefore the radical productions at 300 kHz using fixed solid catalysts generally increased while at 35 kHz the results fluctuated according to the experimental conditions.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.27-38
• /
• 2004

A numerical investigation has been carried out for a solar system, which consists of all glass solar vacuum tubes Water is heated as it flows through the coaxial fluid conduit inserted in each tube. The space between the exterior of the fluid conduit and the glass tube is filled with antifreeze solution. This is to facilitate heat transfer from the solar heated absorber surface to water and to prevent the functional problems due to freezing in frigid weather conditions. A one-dimensional steady state model is fully described which will be used to develop three-dimensional model using STAR-CD. These models could be used efficiently in designing all-glass solar collector tubes with different geometrical parameters other than those considered in the present analysis. Results show good agreement when compared with other experimental data demonstrating the reliability of the present model.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국추진공학회 2006년도 제26회 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.31-35
• /
• 2006

Degradation characteristics of filament-winded composites due to accelerated environmental aging have been evaluated under high temperature, water immersion and thermal impact conditions. Two kinds of laminated composites coated by an urethane resin have been used: carbon-fiber reinforced epoxy(T700/Epon-826, CFRP) and glass-fiber reinforced phenolic (E-glass/phenolic, GFRP). For tensile strength of $0^{\circ}$ composites, CFRP did high reduction by 25% under the influence of high temperature and water while CFRP showed little degradation. However for water-immersed $90^{\circ}$ composites both CFRP and GFRP showed high reduction in tensile strength. Bending strength and modulus of $90^{\circ}$ composites were largely reduced in water-immersion as well as high temperature environment. Urethane coating on the composite surface improved the bending properties by 20%, however hardly showed such improvement for water-immersed $90^{\circ}$ composites.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소성가공학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.78-83
• /
• 2009

In general, Light-hardening polymer was used UV nanoimprint technology. A light-hardening polymer was had the problem of poor hardness, durability. In order to overcome the problem of polymer, inter change optical glass. However glass is very manufacture and a lowering of standars transmittance. In order to glass recover was necessary polishing process. The process is magnetorheological fluids polishing. MR polishing has been developed as a new precision finishing technique to obtain a fine surface. Hence, Magnetorheological fluids has been used for micro polishing to get micro parts. This polishing process guarantees high polishing quality by controlling the fluid density electrically. The applied material in experiments is fused silica glass. Fused silica glass is widely used in the optical field because of high degree of purity. For MR polishing experiments, MR fluid was composed with DI-water, carbonyl iron and nano slurry ceria. The wheel speed and electric current were chosen as the variables for analyzing the characteristics of MR polishing process. Outstanding surface roughness of Ra=1.58nm was obtained on the fused silica glass specimen. And originally glass transmittance was recover on the fused silica glass.